Association between maternal depressive symptoms in the early postnatal period and responsiveness in feeding at child age 2 years

Maternal depression is a known risk factor for poor outcomes for children. Pathways to these poor outcomes relate to reduced maternal responsiveness or sensitivity to the child. Impaired responsiveness potentially impacts the feeding relationship and thus may be a risk factor for inappropriate feeding practices. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationships between self-reported maternal post-natal depressive symptoms at child age 4 months and feeding practices at child age 2 years in a community sample. Participants were Australian first-time mothers allocated to the control group of the NOURISH randomized controlled trial when infants were 4 months old. Complete data from 211 mothers (of 346 allocated) followed up when their children were 2 years of age (51% girls) were available for analysis. The relationship between Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score (child age 4 months) and child feeding practices (child age 2 years) was tested using hierarchical linear regression analysis adjusted for maternal and child characteristics. Higher EPDS score was associated with less responsive feeding practices at child age 2 years: greater pressure [β = 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.32, P = 0.01], restriction (β = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.001–0.28, P = 0.05), instrumental (β = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.005–0.27, P = 0.04) and emotional (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.01–0.29, P = 0.03) feeding practices (ΔR2 values: 0.02–0.03, P < 0.05). This study provides evidence for the proposed link between maternal post-natal depressive symptoms and lower responsiveness in child feeding. These findings suggest that the provision of support to mothers experiencing some levels of depressive symptomatology in the early post-natal period may improve responsiveness in the child feeding relationship.

Malnutrition coding shortfalls in Australian and New Zealand hospitals

Aim The International Classification of Diseases, version 10, Australian modification (ICD-10-AM) is used to classify diseases in hospital patients in Australia and New Zealand. ICD-10-AM defines malnutrition as ‘[body mass index] BMI <18.5 kg/m2 or unintentional weight loss of ≥5% with evidence of suboptimal intake resulting in subcutaneous fat loss and/or muscle wasting’. The Australasian Nutrition Care Day Survey (ANCDS) is the most comprehensive survey to evaluate malnutrition prevalence in acute care patients from Australian and New Zealand hospitals. This study determined if malnourished participants were assigned malnutrition-related codes according to ICD-10-AM. Methods The ANCDS recruited acute care patients from 56 hospitals. Hospital-based dietitians evaluated participants' nutritional status using BMI and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). In keeping with the ICD-10-AM definition, malnutrition was defined as BMI <18.5 kg/m2, SGA-B (moderately malnourished) or SGA-C (severely malnourished). After 3 months, in this prospective cohort study, staff members from each hospital's health information/medical records department provided coding results for malnourished participants. Results Malnutrition was prevalent in 30% (n = 869) of the cohort (n = 2976) and a significantly small number of malnourished patients were coded for malnutrition (n = 162, 19%, P < 0.001). In 21 hospitals, none of the malnourished participants were coded. Conclusions This is the largest study to provide a snapshot of malnutrition coding in Australian and New Zealand hospitals. Findings highlight gaps in malnutrition documentation and/or subsequent coding, which could potentially result in significant loss of casemix-related revenue for hospitals. Dietitians must lead the way in developing structured processes for malnutrition identification, documentation and coding.

Evolution of New Zealand insects : summary and prospectus for future research

Knowledge on the evolution of the New Zealand insect fauna is reviewed and outstanding questions are highlighted. The New Zealand insect fauna is a composite of old and recent lineages and many spectacular examples of evolutionary processes are evident, including species radiations, hybridisation and unusual adaptations. We discuss the origins and evolution of four prominent communities within the insect fauna: terrestrial lowland insects, alpine insects, aquatic insects and insect communities from offshore islands. Within each of these communities, significant lineages are discussed, and in particular the crucial adaptations that enable these lineages to thrive and diversify. Glacial history has had a dramatic impact on the New Zealand insects, and the effects on different lineages are discussed. The New Zealand insects are unique, yet many are threatened with extinction, and efforts to preserve the fauna are reviewed. Despite the accumulating knowledge, major gaps still exist and these are outlined, as are opportunities to address key questions. The review concludes with a synthesis and a discussion of how systematics, new technologies and integrative approaches have the promise to improve dramatically our understanding of New Zealand insect evolution.

Combining data sets of satellite-retrieved products for basin-scale water balance study: 2. Evaluation on the Mississippi Basin and closure correction model

In this study, we applied the integration methodology developed in the companion paper by Aires (2014) by using real satellite observations over the Mississippi Basin. The methodology provides basin-scale estimates of the four water budget components (precipitation P, evapotranspiration E, water storage change Delta S, and runoff R) in a two-step process: the Simple Weighting (SW) integration and a Postprocessing Filtering (PF) that imposes the water budget closure. A comparison with in situ observations of P and E demonstrated that PF improved the estimation of both components. A Closure Correction Model (CCM) has been derived from the integrated product (SW+PF) that allows to correct each observation data set independently, unlike the SW+PF method which requires simultaneous estimates of the four components. The CCM allows to standardize the various data sets for each component and highly decrease the budget residual (P - E - Delta S - R). As a direct application, the CCM was combined with the water budget equation to reconstruct missing values in any component. Results of a Monte Carlo experiment with synthetic gaps demonstrated the good performances of the method, except for the runoff data that has a variability of the same order of magnitude as the budget residual. Similarly, we proposed a reconstruction of Delta S between 1990 and 2002 where no Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data are available. Unlike most of the studies dealing with the water budget closure at the basin scale, only satellite observations and in situ runoff measurements are used. Consequently, the integrated data sets are model independent and can be used for model calibration or validation.

Soporte a la explotación de datos y gestión de una red de sensores

El seguimiento de distintas especies de animales contribuye en gran medida a su estudio y, por tanto, a su conservación y control. Los avances tecnológicos de los últimos años han facilitado las posibilidades de seguimiento con la creación de distintos dispositivos que permiten conocer los movimientos de la especie que se desea estudiar. Uno de los sistemas más utilizados consiste en la utilización de dispositivos GPS incorporados al espécimen sobre el que se realiza el seguimiento y cuya señal es recogida por satélites que se encargan de almacenar y posteriormente reenviar la información para su almacenamiento y procesamiento en el laboratorio. El principal problema de este sistema es su elevado coste. Existen alternativas que no presentan un coste tal alto, tales como el uso de módulos basados en telefonía móvil. Sin embargo, tienen limitaciones de cobertura, por lo que no es aplicable en todos los ámbitos. Este proyecto forma parte de una propuesta que ofrece realizar seguimiento de ejemplares de una especie de ave, la gaviota Patiamarilla, en Gipuzkoa mediante la utilización de una red de sensores y que tiene varias ventajas frente a las opciones presentadas anteriormente. En este proyecto en concreto se ha diseñado e implementado el módulo que permite recoger la información obtenida por el conjunto de sensores (cada ejemplar lleva incorporado un sensor que permite registrar su posición) y enviarla a un servidor centralizado para su posterior consulta y análisis. Adicionalmente, también se permite consultar el último estado registrado de cada dispositivo de seguimiento, además de contemplar la posibilidad de actualizar su software.

Study on eight-pass dual-frequency laser interferometer with nanometer precision

A new dual-frequency laser displacement measurement interferometer with nanometer precision has been developed. An eight-pass optical subdivision technology is proposed to improve resolution based on commercial interferometers. A static positioning error measuring method has been used to examine the precision and repeatability of the laser interferometer. An optical resolution of 1.24 nm and an accuracy of nanometer scale have been achieved.

Longitudinal optic phonon-plasmon coupling in delta-doped metamorphic InAlAs/InGaAs high-electron-mobility transistor structures on GaAs substrates

InAlAs/InGaAs metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistor structures with different spacer layers on GaAs substrates are characterized by Raman measurements. The influence of In0.52Al0.48As spacer thickness on longitudinal optic phonon-plasmon coupling is investigated. It is found that the intensity of GaAs-like longitudinal optic phonon, which couples with collective intersubband transitions of two-dimensional electron gas, is strongly affected by the different subband energy spacings, subband electron concentrations, and wave function distributions, which are determined by different spacer thicknesses. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.

L'Écho de Paris

1917/10/18 (Numéro 12116).

Manual teórico-práctico razonado de derecho canónico mexicano

UANL

Comparaison des potentiels évoqués cognitifs de patients présentant des tics chroniques simples ou complexes

Les tics affectent 1% des individus et sont associés avec une diminution de la qualité de vie. L’importante hétérogénéité phénoménologique retrouvée chez ceux-ci représente un obstacle majeur pour l’évaluation et le traitement de ces symptômes, et explique potentiellement la présence de données neurobiologiques contradictoires. Certaines variables rarement contrôlées, comme la complexité des tics et la demande motrice des tâches pourraient expliquer l’hétérogénéité de ces résultats. Une meilleure compréhension des processus cognitifs affectés pourrait être atteinte par l’étude de la chronométrie des événements cérébraux. Ainsi, notre objectif était d’évaluer l’impact de la complexité des tics et du type de réponse sur les potentiels électrocorticaux liés à l’inhibition, à l’attention et à la mémoire de patients tics. Nous avons comparé 12 patients présentant des tics simples avec 12 patients atteints de tics complexes, qui furent appariés à 15 participants contrôles sains. Deux tâches oddball furent accomplies, dont l’une exigeait une réponse motrice et l’autre une réponse non-motrice (compter le nombre de stimuli). Durant ces tâches, nous avons enregistré des composantes électrocorticales indexant des processus d’attention (P200), d’inhibition (N200) et de mémoire (P300). Pour la tâche non-motrice, nos résultats révélèrent une N200 plus ample chez les deux groupes de patients tics et une P300 réduite seulement chez ceux avec des tics simples. Quant à la tâche motrice, les deux groupes de patients tics présentaient une P300 réduite. Selon nos résultats, la complexité des tics et la demande motrice des tâches peuvent affecter les mécanismes neuronaux sous-tendant les différentes étapes du traitement de l’information.

Interpretació dels poetes. 'Interpretación de los poetas'.

Resumen tomado de la publicación en catalán. Este artículo forma parte del monográfico 'Poesia, repensar la quotidianitat' (Poesía, repensar la cotidianidad)