The First Crusade and the Crusader States, 1073-1192.

Cumple con los requisitos para la especificación OCR AS de Historia, opción A. Su contenido estudia los límites de la Europa medieval, en la víspera de la Primera Cruzada, y explica las razones para su organización y los motivos de su éxito, la creación y desarrollo del reino de los cruzados entre 1100 y 1130, así como su transformación en un estado militar; también, analiza el impacto de la Segunda Cruzada, los cambios en el mundo musulmán como respuesta al reino cristiano de los cruzados y el fracaso de la Tercera Cruzada. Cada capítulo contiene actividades para ayudar a la comprensión del tema y desarrollar habilidades con la historia, análisis de acontecimientos relevantes, debates y controversias, breves biografías de personajes clave de la época y definiciones de palabras nuevas.

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 1192 - Verlagsverhandlungen und Replik auf die Einwände der Abhandlung

Wille, Metaphysik;

Authorization for military procurement, research and development, fiscal year 1970, and reserve strength. : Hearings, Ninety-first Congress, first session, on S. 1192 and S. 2407 [and S. 2546].

Hearings held Mar. 19-June 4, 1969.

Gesta regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti abbatis. The chronicle of the reigns of Henry II. and Richard I.A.D. 1169-1192; known commonly under the name of Benedict of Peterborough.

Text in Latin.

Muzyka i muzyczność prozy japońskiej okresu Heian (794-1192)

Wydział Neofilologii: Katedra Orientalistyki

Reducing the global burden of depression : population level analysis of intervention cost-effectiveness in 14 world regions

International evidence on the cost and effects of interventions for reducing the global burden of depression remain scarce. Aims: To estimate the population-level cost-effectiveness of evidence-based depression interventions and their contribution towards reducing current burden. Method: Primary-care-based depression interventions were modelled at the level of whole populations in 14 epidemiological subregions of the world. Total population-level costs (in international dollars or I$) and effectiveness (disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted) were combined to form average and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results: Evaluated interventions have the potential to reduce the current burden of depression by 10–30%. Pharmacotherapy with older antidepressant drugs, with or without proactive collaborative care, are currently more cost-effective strategies than those using newer antidepressants, particularly in lower-income subregions. Conclusions: Even in resource-poor regions, each DALYaverted by efficient depression treatments in primary care costs less than 1 year of average per capita income, making such interventions a cost-effective use of health resources. However, current levels of burden can only be reduced significantlyif there is a substantialincrease substantial increase intreatment coverage.

Kids, counsellors and troubles-telling : morality-in-action in talk on an Australian children’s helpline

This chapter investigates one instance of ‘morality-in-action’, which transpires when children describe their troubles to the adult counsellors at Kids Help Line, an Australian national helpline that deals specifically with callers aged approximately 5-18 years. We focus, in particular, on how a young female caller who has forged a medical certificate in relation to a problem with school attendance, determines both what to report, and how this should be disclosed. Throughout the call, the moral implications of the troubles talk are delicately managed by both caller and counsellor. The call takes the form of an extended story (Labov & Waletzky, 1997) that includes a preface (‘I have some problems at school’), an orientation (“I was sick, went to the doctor, stayed home”), a complicating action (“I went back to school and photocopied my certificate from last time”), result (“I got caught”) and evaluation (“I don’t know why it happened”). As the account unfolds, we observe how both the student and counsellor seek to make sense of these actions. While this account is partly about deception, both the caller and counsellor delicately sidestep naming this action, precluding this implication. For example, the counsellor lets stand the caller’s main assessment of the trouble. He simply asks, “so what happened then,” when the caller reports that her forgery was discovered. The caller, from the very beginning of the call, seeks to find out why she could have done this, “you see I don’t know why it happened”. As the call unfolds, the counsellor follows the opening provided by the caller and they put forward motives for consideration. By agreeing that the motives are to be explored, the act takes on a character other than deception.

Cannabis use and misuse prevalence among people with psychosis

Background: Increasing attention has been given by researchers to cannabis use in individuals with psychosis. As psychoses are relatively low-prevalence disorders, research has been mostly been restricted to small-scale studies of treatment samples.The reported prevalence estimates obtained from these studies vary widely. Aims: To provide prevalence estimates based on larger samples and to examine sources of variability in prevalence estimates across studies. Method: Data from 53 studies of treatment samples and 5 epidemiological studies were analysed. Results: Based on treatment sample data, prevalence estimates were calculated for current use (23.0%), current misuse (11.3%),12-month use (29.2%),12-month misuse (18.8%), lifetime use (42.1%) and lifetime misuse (22.5%). Epidemiological studies consistently reported higher cannabis use and misuse prevalence in people with psychosis. Conclusions: The factor most consistently associated with increased odds of cannabis prevalence was specificity of diagnosis. Factors such as consumption patterns and study design merit further consideration.

Towards a cognitive-behavioural intervention for adult grief reactions

Published accounts of behavioural interventions for grief have relied on exposure and habituation to grief cues as the primary strategy. Such an approach is excessively narrow, since it does not adequately confront the challenges that are posed by a bereavement. Many people cope with a bereavement by themselves, and for those, intervention may well be counterproductive. A cognitive-behavioural intervention, following models for depression/anxiety, can assist vulnerable individuals obtain a more rapid or complete adjustment. The proposed approach differs from dynamic treatments by placing less emphasis on defensive behavior, insight, and interpretation and more emphasis on training of coping skills.