Therapeutic drug monitoring of once daily aminoglycoside dosing: comparison of two methods and investigation of the optimal blood sampling strategy.

PURPOSE Therapeutic drug monitoring of patients receiving once daily aminoglycoside therapy can be performed using pharmacokinetic (PK) formulas or Bayesian calculations. While these methods produced comparable results, their performance has never been checked against full PK profiles. We performed a PK study in order to compare both methods and to determine the best time-points to estimate AUC0-24 and peak concentrations (C max). METHODS We obtained full PK profiles in 14 patients receiving a once daily aminoglycoside therapy. PK parameters were calculated with PKSolver using non-compartmental methods. The calculated PK parameters were then compared with parameters estimated using an algorithm based on two serum concentrations (two-point method) or the software TCIWorks (Bayesian method). RESULTS For tobramycin and gentamicin, AUC0-24 and C max could be reliably estimated using a first serum concentration obtained at 1 h and a second one between 8 and 10 h after start of the infusion. The two-point and the Bayesian method produced similar results. For amikacin, AUC0-24 could reliably be estimated by both methods. C max was underestimated by 10-20% by the two-point method and by up to 30% with a large variation by the Bayesian method. CONCLUSIONS The ideal time-points for therapeutic drug monitoring of once daily administered aminoglycosides are 1 h after start of a 30-min infusion for the first time-point and 8-10 h after start of the infusion for the second time-point. Duration of the infusion and accurate registration of the time-points of blood drawing are essential for obtaining precise predictions.

Hepatocellular carcinoma: sorafenib: for once age is not an issue.

Are some patients with hepatocellular carcinoma just too old to be treated? More specifically, should the age of a patient influence the way sorafenib is prescribed? A new study has tried to address these questions, providing helpful information to guide clinicians making these decisions.

“But look: we have sat here too long”: Hilary Mantel’s tightrope walk of present-tense usage

Even after Hilary Mantel has won the Man Booker prize two times in a row with Wolf Hall and Bring up the Bodies, her novelistic account of the life of Thomas Cromwell, her intriguing decision to write these historical novels in the present tense gave cause to surprisingly little extended comment beyond a perfunctory nod to its evocation of immediacy. This presents not only a lacunae in the discussion about Mantel’s novels, but is also symptomatic for a change in the contemporary critical evaluation of present-tense narration in general. If present-tense narration once used to be a marker for experimental daring and might even have implied a certain hostility towards fictionality, Mantel’s novels give ample evidence that literary sensibilities have changed. In order to understand the scope and nature of this change, my paper puts Mantel’s use of the present tense in the context of both the historical development of present-tense usage and the ample contemporary landscape of present-tense narration. This allows me to show that the complexities of present-tense usage belie a reduction of its effect to an evocation of immediacy. Rather, I argue, Mantel uses it for a delicate tightrope walk between proximity and distance, history and fiction, authenticity and imagination.

The American : a practical book for self-instruction to speak, read and write the English language ; each English word is translated in Hebrew

by B. Goldgar and I. Mirovitch

All Adults Once Were Children

Issue Editor, Robert Block's, point of view and summary of the articles in New Morbidities 2.0

Análisis descriptivo del IMC, habilidad motriz y deporte extraescolar en niños y niñas de once años

El artículo pretende realizar un análisis cultural de las mujeres y su participación en el espacio del fútbol. Propone un recorrido reflexivo sobre la compleja institucionalización de lo masculino y lo femenino dentro del campo deportivo, e intenta señalar la continuidad histórica y desbalanceada de las relaciones que se cristalizaron como naturales, y se construyen desde los lugares de dominación (y por lo tanto de dominados) en la constitución de la hegemonía dentro del fútbol: lo femenino subordinado a lo masculino

Análisis descriptivo del IMC, habilidad motriz y deporte extraescolar en niños y niñas de once años

El artículo pretende realizar un análisis cultural de las mujeres y su participación en el espacio del fútbol. Propone un recorrido reflexivo sobre la compleja institucionalización de lo masculino y lo femenino dentro del campo deportivo, e intenta señalar la continuidad histórica y desbalanceada de las relaciones que se cristalizaron como naturales, y se construyen desde los lugares de dominación (y por lo tanto de dominados) en la constitución de la hegemonía dentro del fútbol: lo femenino subordinado a lo masculino

Análisis descriptivo del IMC, habilidad motriz y deporte extraescolar en niños y niñas de once años

El artículo pretende realizar un análisis cultural de las mujeres y su participación en el espacio del fútbol. Propone un recorrido reflexivo sobre la compleja institucionalización de lo masculino y lo femenino dentro del campo deportivo, e intenta señalar la continuidad histórica y desbalanceada de las relaciones que se cristalizaron como naturales, y se construyen desde los lugares de dominación (y por lo tanto de dominados) en la constitución de la hegemonía dentro del fútbol: lo femenino subordinado a lo masculino

Acuerdos de Juntas Generales de este M.N. y M.L. Señorío de Vizcaya, celebrados en La Antigua de Guernica, los días ocho, nueve, diez, once, doce, y siguientes hasta el diez y ocho inclusive del mes de julio de este año de 1792.

Sign.: A-Z2, 2A-2F2, 2G3

Acuerdos de Juntas Generales de este M.N. y M.L. Señorío de Vizcaya, celebrados en La Antigua de Guernica, los días veinte y ocho, veinte y nueve, y treinta de abril, y primero, dos, y tres, hasta el once inclusive del mes de mayo próximo de este año de 1794.

Sign.: A-Z2, 2A-2Z2, 3A1