Creando redes, estableciendo sinergias: la contribución de la investigación a la educación. I Simposio internacional REUNI+D

[spa] Este texto recoge las contribuciones al I Seminario internacional REUNI+D. Creando redes, estableciendo sinergias: la contribución de la investigación a la educación, que tuvo lugar en Barcelona el 11 de octubre de 2013. La organización del seminario partió de la necesidad de contribuir a la difusión, el intercambio y la discusión de las aportaciones y resultados de la investigación educativa y sus implicaciones para la mejora de la educación. Sus finalidades fueron: (a) Ofrecer una visión de conjunto de los ámbitos y temas de investigación abordados en los últimos años por los miembros de REUNI+D y los grupos que participaron en el evento; y (b) Debatir la capacidad de los investigadores para intervenir en las decisiones sobre políticas de investigación y reivindicar su papel como interlocutores a la hora de establecerlas.

Evolució i anàlisi del metabolisme ambiental del polígon industrial. El cas de Maó (Menorca)

El polígon industrial de Maó, POIMA, és un dels principals motors econòmics de l’illa de Menorca. La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) en col·laboració amb l’Observatori Socioambiental de Menorca (OBSAM), ha fet un projecte d’anàlisi de l’evolució històrica i del metabolisme actual del polígon. L’estudi es centra en 5 vectors; usos del sòl, energètic, hídric, materials i mobilitat dels quals les dades han estat obtingudes a partir d’enquestes, entrevistes a les empreses i observacions directes semi-quantitatives. Com a resultat es presenten diverses propostes de millora per augmentar l’eficiència de POIMA, analitzant el potencial d’autosuficiència energètic i hídric, reduint l’impacte ambiental i reutilitzant els residus com a recursos entre empreses, sinèrgies.

Yrityksen arvonmääritys - jälkilaskelmatarkastelu - Amer - Suunto Oy tapauksesta

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan yrityskauppaan ja arvonmääritykseen liittyviä taustatekijöitä ostajan näkökulmasta sekä varsinaisen arvonmäärityksen työkaluja. Tutkielman teoriaosuuden päätavoitteena on arvonmäärityksen taustojen ja yleisimpien arvonmääritysmallien selventäminen teoriatasolla ja antaa pohjaa tutkielman empiriaosuuden arvonmääritystyökalujen valinnalle ja käytölle. Tutkimuksen empiriaosuus on tapaustutkimus, jossa luodaan ex post - katsaus urheilu ja vapaa-aika toimialalla toimivan ostetun yrityksen arvoon ja siihen vaikuttaviin tekijöihin. Empiriaosuudessa ensisijaisena tavoitteena on määrittää valitulla arvonmääritystyökalulla julkisten tilinpäätöstietojen pohjalta ostetulle yritykselle arvo. Empiriaosuudessa valitun diskontattuihin vapaisiin kassavirtoihin perustuvan Navita Yritysmalli -työkalun avulla määritetään ostetulle yritykselle arvo. Laskelmien perusteella voidaan todeta, että Suunto Oy on ollut kannattava investointi nykyiselle emoyhtiölleen, vaikka Suunto Oy ei ole yltänytkään aivan kaikkiin emoyhtiön asettamiin tavoitteisiin. Kaupan myötä on syntynyt myös positiivista synergiaa, esimerkiksi Suunnon pääoma on saatu kiertämään nopeammin ja kannattavuus on kasvanut. Suunnon kauppa oli askel kohti Amerin tavoitetta olla maailman johtava urheiluvälinevalmistaja.

Predicting drug metabolism: experiment and/or computation?

Drug metabolism can produce metabolites with physicochemical and pharmacological properties that differ substantially from those of the parent drug, and consequently has important implications for both drug safety and efficacy. To reduce the risk of costly clinical-stage attrition due to the metabolic characteristics of drug candidates, there is a need for efficient and reliable ways to predict drug metabolism in vitro, in silico and in vivo. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the state of the art of experimental and computational approaches for investigating drug metabolism. We highlight the scope and limitations of these methods, and indicate strategies to harvest the synergies that result from combining measurement and prediction of drug metabolism.

“La lliga dels magnats”. La Premier League i el negoci del futbol en l’era dels mitjans globals

The relationship between the mass media and sport has reached a state of symbiosis. The great media companies and sports organizations have combined synergies to get the best return on their products, both communicationrelated and sports-related. To define this situation, some authors have spoken of the “new sport oligopoly” or of the “global media sports complex”. This article analyzes the formation of this complex based on real examples of financial relations between media companies and sports organizations and, finally, draws attention to how these relations took place in the Premier League during the 2009-2010 season, taking into account the fact that this was the European football league which consolidated the process of international commercialization the soonest, which has the most highly valued football brand (Manchester United) and which has the clubs that make the most money from television rights and commercials.

Toimitusketjun kehittäminen logistiikkaintegraattorin avulla

Globaalissa taloudessa yritysten rakenteet ovat kehittyneet yhteistyöverkostoiksi, joissa yritykset pyrkivät keskittymään ydinosaamiseensa ja tuottamaan muut toiminnot yhteistyökumppaneilla. Nykyisin yhä suurempi osa myös logistisista toiminnoista tuotetaan kolmansilla osapuolilla. Logistiikan piirissä saavutettavat synergiaedut ovat suuret ja monet yritykset niitä ovat myös jo saavuttaneet. Menestyksekkäät esimerkit ulkoistamisista ja toisaalta kehittyvän tietotekniikan tuomat uudet toimintamahdollisuudet johtavat ulkoistamisen, 3PL toiminnan, entistäkin suurempaan suosioon. Ongelmaksi on yrityksille muodostunut yhteistyökumppaneiden suuri määrä. Kun ydinosaamisalueen ulkopuolisia tehtäviä on jaettu useille eri yritykselle, tulee yhteistyöverkoston hallinnasta haasteellinen tehtävä, ja siihen vaaditaan kalliita tietojärjestelmiä. Kustannusten säästö saattoi kuitenkin olla ulkoistaneen yrityksen motiivi! Kaiken lisäksi toimitusketjun hallinnan periaatteiden mukaisesti tiukka toimitusketjun sisäinen koordinointi on välttämättömyys arvoprosessin tehokkuuudelle. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää 4PL toimintamallin logiikka, sekä kuinka sitä voidaan käyttää ratkaisemaan 3PL toiminnan ongelmakohtia. Case osuudessa esitellään kahden haastateluin selvitetyn logistiikkaintegraattorin toiminta ja tarkastellaan niiden toiminnan pohjalta teoreettista mallia. Tutkimuksen toisena päätavoitteena on selvittää toimitusketjun hallinnan periaatteet kehitettäessä toimitusketjua sekä tutkia 4PL toimintamallia näiden teorioiden valossa. Tutkielmassa esitetään toimitusketjun hallinnan integraatiofilosofian mukaiset periaatteet, jossa integroidaan toimitusketjun 8 avainprosessia. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että joint venture yrityksenä perustettavan logistiikkaintegraattorin käyttö toimitusketjussa voi parantaa ennenkaikkea koordinointiongelmia, pienentää logistisia kustannuksia, sekä tehokkaasti vähentää niitä ongelmia, joita kolmannen osapuolen palveluntarjoajien käyttö yritykselle aiheuttaa. Tutkimuksessa esitetään myös kuinka logistiikkaintegraattorin toimintaperiaatteita voidaan laajentaa arvoketjuintegraattoriksi ja kuinka se voi auttaa toimitusketjun avainprosessien integroinnissa, synergiaetujen hyödyntämisessä ja koko toimitusketjun tehokkaassa hallinnassa.

The long run impact of mergers and acquisitions on performance – empirical study in the pulp and paper industry

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have played very important role in restructuring the pulp and paper industry (PPI). The poor performance and fragmented nature of the industry, overcapacity problems, and globalisation have driven companies to consolidate. The objective of this thesis was to examine how PPI acquirers’ have performed subsequent M&As and whether the deal characteristics have had any impact on performance. Based on the results it seems that PPI companies have not been able to enhance their performance in the long run after M&As although the per-formance of acquiring firms has remained above the industry median, and deal characteristics or the amount of premiums paid do not seem to have had any effect. The statistical significance of the results was tested with change model and regression analysis. Performance was assessed with accrual, cash flow, and market based indicators. Results are congruent with behavioural theory: managers and investors seem to be overoptimistic in determining the synergies from M&As.

Position de la métropole Aix Marseille Provence dans les réseaux mondiaux d'entreprises multinationales

La construction de la métropole Aix Marseille Provence (AMP) vise à améliorer la cohérence et la complémentarité de ses territoires. Promouvoir la métropole ne doit pas seulement considérer les communes indépendamment les unes des autres, mais les aborder comme un ensemble constituant bien davantage que la somme de ses parties grâce aux synergies entre les différents acteurs publics et privés. L'attractivité internationale est un des aspects de la promotion de la métropole qui profiterait de cette meilleure cohésion. L'étude vise à évaluer le positionnement international et les forces et faiblesses de la cohérence de la métropole pour son rayonnement dans les réseaux des entreprises multinationales.

Pouvoirs et attractivités de la métropole Aix-Marseille-Provence dans les réseaux mondiaux d'entreprises multinationales

En phase de construction politique et institutionnelle, la métropole Aix-Marseille-Provence (AMP) peut déjà être considérée comme un ensemble urbain cohérent pour son positionnement dans la globalisation des entreprises multinationales. Cette cohérence constitue un enjeu tant du point de vue local, que pour l'ajustement des politiques d'attractivité et de planification permettant de renforcer les synergies de ses pôles et de renouveler son économie dans la concurrence européenne et mondiale. Les concurrences et complémentarités qui se développent entre les villes se situent en effet aux niveaux des aires d'influences fonctionnelles des villes et non au sein leurs délimitations administratives, souvent transcendées par les interactions locales entre acteurs.

Spend-analyysin toteuttaminen ja hyödyntäminen hankintatoimen kehittämisessä epäsuorien hankintojen osalta

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten spend-analyysiä voidaan hyödyntää hankintatoimen kehittämisessä epäsuorien hankintojen osalta. Tutkimuksessa hyödynnettiin kohdeyrityksessä spend-analyysin toteuttamiseen kehitettyä työvälinettä, jonka avulla aikaa ja resursseja vievä datan kerääminen useista toiminnanohjausjärjestelmistä on saatu automatisoitua. Tutkimus suoritettiin toimintatutkimuksena, jonka lisäksi tietoa kohdeyrityksestä ja spend-analyysin käytöstä kerättiin kyselyillä. Kirjallisuutta tutkittiin niiltä osin, kun sen katsottiin tukevan tutkimusta. Tutkimuksen tuloksena havaittiin, että spend-analyysi luo pohjan hankintatoimen kehittämiselle. Spend-analyysiä voidaan hyödyntää hankintojen seuraamisessa, osana toimittajien hallinnointia, synergiaetujen löytämisessä, hankintojen hallinnoinnissa, kustannusten hallinnoinnissa, toiminnan suunnittelussa sekä suunnitelmien seurannassa, sopimusten noudattamisen seurannassa, kustannustietoisuuden parantamisessa sekä päätöksenteossa hyödynnettävän informaation tuottamiseksi. Lisäksi havaittiin, että kohdeyrityksessä käytössä olevaa työvälinettä voidaan kehittää spend-analyysin laadun parantamiseksi esimerkiksi yhdenmukaistamalla kirjauskäytäntöjä.

Landscape Systems and Human Land-Use Interactions in Mediterranean Highlands and Littoral Plains during the Late Holocene: Integrated Analysis from the InterAmbAr Project (North-Eastern Catalonia).

The main goal of the InterAmbAr reseach project is to analyze the relationships between landscape systems and human land-use strategies on mountains and littoral plains from a long-term perspective. The study adopts a high resolution analysis of small-scale study areas located in the Mediterranean region of north-eastern Catalonia. The study areas are distributed along an altitudinal transect from the high mountain (above 2000m a.s.l.) to the littoral plain of Empordà (Fig. 1). High resolution interdisciplinary research has been carried out from 2010, based on the integration of palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data. The micro-scale approach is used to understand human-environmental relationships. It allows better understanding of the local-regional nature of environmental changes and the synergies between catchment-based systems, hydro-sedimentary regimes, human mobility, land-uses, human environments, demography, etc.

Predicting the future effectiveness of protected areas for bird conservation in Mediterranean ecosystems under climate change and novel fire regime scenarios

AimGlobal environmental changes challenge traditional conservation approaches based on the selection of static protected areas due to their limited ability to deal with the dynamic nature of driving forces relevant to biodiversity. The Natura 2000 network (N2000) constitutes a major milestone in biodiversity conservation in Europe, but the degree to which this static network will be able to reach its long-term conservation objectives raises concern. We assessed the changes in the effectiveness of N2000 in a Mediterranean ecosystem between 2000 and 2050 under different combinations of climate and land cover change scenarios. LocationCatalonia, Spain. MethodsPotential distribution changes of several terrestrial bird species of conservation interest included in the European Union's Birds Directive were predicted within an ensemble-forecasting framework that hierarchically integrated climate change and land cover change scenarios. Land cover changes were simulated using a spatially explicit fire-succession model that integrates fire management strategies and vegetation encroachment after the abandonment of cultivated areas as the main drivers of landscape dynamics in Mediterranean ecosystems. ResultsOur results suggest that the amount of suitable habitats for the target species will strongly decrease both inside and outside N2000. However, the effectiveness of N2000 is expected to increase in the next decades because the amount of suitable habitats is predicted to decrease less inside than outside this network. Main conclusionsSuch predictions shed light on the key role that the current N2000may play in the near future and emphasize the need for an integrative conservation perspective wherein agricultural, forest and fire management policies should be considered to effectively preserve key habitats for threatened birds in fire-prone, highly dynamic Mediterranean ecosystems. Results also show the importance of considering landscape dynamics and the synergies between different driving forces when assessing the long-term effectiveness of protected areas for biodiversity conservation.

eLab, a Personal Learning Environment for the Green Open Innovation Platform

Open Innovation is a relatively new concept which involves a change of paradigm in the R+D+i processes of companies whose aim is to create new technologies or new processes. If to this change, we add the need for innovation in the new green and sustainability economy, and we set out to create a collaborative platform with a learning space where this can happen, we will be facing an overwhelming challenge which requires the application of intelligent programming technologies and languages at the service of education.The aim of the Green IDI (Green Open Innovation) ¿ Economic development and job creation vector in SMEs, based on the environment and sustainability project is to create a platform where companies and individual researchers can perform open innovation processes in the field of sustainability and the environment.The Green IDI (Green Open Innovation) project is funded under the program INNPACTO by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain and is being developed through a consortium formed by the following institutions: GRUPO ICA; COMPARTIA; GRUPO INTERCOM; CETAQUA and the Instituto de Investigación en Inteligencia Artificial (IIIA) from Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Also the consortium include FUNDACIÓ PRIVADA BARCELONA DIGITAL; PIMEC and UNIVERSITAT OBERTA DE CATALUNYA (UOC).Sustainability and positive action for the environment are considered the principle vector of economic development for companies. As Nicolás Scoli says (2007) ¿in short, preventing unnecessary consumption and the efficient consumption of resources means producing greater wealth with less. Both effects lead to reduced pollution linked to production and consumption¿.The Spanish Sustainable Development Strategy (EEDS) plan defends consumption and sustainable production linked to social and economic development by adhering to the commitment not to endanger ecosystems and abolishing the idea that economic growth is directly proportional to the deterioration of the environment.Uniting the Open Innovation and New Green Economy concepts leads to the "Green Open Innovation¿ Platform creation project.This article analyses the concept of open innovation and defines the importance of the new green and sustainable economy. Lastly, it proposes the creation of eLab. The eLab is defined as an Open Green Innovation Platform personal and collaborative education space which is fed by the interactions of users and which enables innovation processes based on new green economy concepts to be carried out.The creation of a personal learning environment such as eLab on the Green Open Innovation Platform meets the need to offer a collaborative space where platform users can improve their skills regarding the environment and sustainability based on collaborative synergies through Information and Communication Technologies.

Methods for assessing the sustainability of integrated municipal waste management and

The general striving to bring down the number of municipal landfills and to increase the reuse and recycling of waste-derived materials across the EU supports the debates concerning the feasibility and rationality of waste management systems. Substantial decrease in the volume and mass of landfill-disposed waste flows can be achieved by directing suitable waste fractions to energy recovery. Global fossil energy supplies are becoming more and more valuable and expensive energy sources for the mankind, and efforts to save fossil fuels have been made. Waste-derived fuels offer one potential partial solution to two different problems. First, waste that cannot be feasibly re-used or recycled is utilized in the energy conversion process according to EU’s Waste Hierarchy. Second, fossil fuels can be saved for other purposes than energy, mainly as transport fuels. This thesis presents the principles of assessing the most sustainable system solution for an integrated municipal waste management and energy system. The assessment process includes: · formation of a SISMan (Simple Integrated System Management) model of an integrated system including mass, energy and financial flows, and · formation of a MEFLO (Mass, Energy, Financial, Legislational, Other decisionsupport data) decision matrix according to the selected decision criteria, including essential and optional decision criteria. The methods are described and theoretical examples of the utilization of the methods are presented in the thesis. The assessment process involves the selection of different system alternatives (process alternatives for treatment of different waste fractions) and comparison between the alternatives. The first of the two novelty values of the utilization of the presented methods is the perspective selected for the formation of the SISMan model. Normally waste management and energy systems are operated separately according to the targets and principles set for each system. In the thesis the waste management and energy supply systems are considered as one larger integrated system with one primary target of serving the customers, i.e. citizens, as efficiently as possible in the spirit of sustainable development, including the following requirements: · reasonable overall costs, including waste management costs and energy costs; · minimum environmental burdens caused by the integrated waste management and energy system, taking into account the requirement above; and · social acceptance of the selected waste treatment and energy production methods. The integrated waste management and energy system is described by forming a SISMan model including three different flows of the system: energy, mass and financial flows. By defining the three types of flows for an integrated system, the selected factor results needed in the decision-making process of the selection of waste management treatment processes for different waste fractions can be calculated. The model and its results form a transparent description of the integrated system under discussion. The MEFLO decision matrix has been formed from the results of the SISMan model, combined with additional data, including e.g. environmental restrictions and regional aspects. System alternatives which do not meet the requirements set by legislation can be deleted from the comparisons before any closer numerical considerations. The second novelty value of this thesis is the three-level ranking method for combining the factor results of the MEFLO decision matrix. As a result of the MEFLO decision matrix, a transparent ranking of different system alternatives, including selection of treatment processes for different waste fractions, is achieved. SISMan and MEFLO are methods meant to be utilized in municipal decision-making processes concerning waste management and energy supply as simple, transparent and easyto- understand tools. The methods can be utilized in the assessment of existing systems, and particularly in the planning processes of future regional integrated systems. The principles of SISMan and MEFLO can be utilized also in other environments, where synergies of integrating two (or more) systems can be obtained. The SISMan flow model and the MEFLO decision matrix can be formed with or without any applicable commercial or free-of-charge tool/software. SISMan and MEFLO are not bound to any libraries or data-bases including process information, such as different emission data libraries utilized in life cycle assessments.

Implantació d'un sistema de gestió integrada: ISO 9001:00, ISO 14001:04 i OHSAS 18001:07, en un centre d'estètica i perruqueria

En aquests últims anys, són moltes les empreses que han optat per la utilització de sistemes de gestió normalitzats, per a garantir la rendibilitat i fiabilitat dels resultats de la implantació del sistema de gestió en qüestió. A la dècada dels 90 va ser quan la implantació de sistemes de gestió va començar a ser important en la majoria de sectors econòmics. L’evolució en els sistemes de gestió a trets generals va iniciar-se primerament en l’àmbit de la qualitat, seguidament en la gestió ambiental i en última instància en la prevenció de riscos laborals. Aquests tres tipus de sistemes de gestió, en els últims anys s’han anat integrant, de manera que s’han reduït els recursos i els esforços emprats en la gestió, millorant significativament l’eficàcia i l’eficiència d’aquests sistemes. L’objectiu principal que persegueix aquest projecte, és definir un sistema de gestió que permeti a l’empresa conduir les seves activitats de forma simplificada i ordenada, i que alhora faciliti la informació necessària per a corregir i millorar les activitats. Un altre objectiu que pretén aconseguir aquest projecte, és el de dissenyar un SGI que aprofiti les sinèrgies generades en els diferents àmbits de la pròpia empresa i fomenti les interaccions entre els diferents nivells de l’organització. En conseqüència, millorarà de forma important els fluxos d’informació dins de l’empresa minimitzant els esforços i la pèrdua d’informació. El mètode escollit per a la implantació del SGI, ha estat la Gestió per Processos, la qual es basa en la definició i seguiment dels processos de l’empresa, partint de les necessitats del client i acabant quan aquestes estan satisfetes. En conclusió, a la finalització del present projecte s’obtindrà un SGI, amb tots els processos de l’empresa definits i implantats, que doni compliment a les normes UNEEN-ISO 9001:00, UNE-EN-ISO 14001:04 i OHSAS 18001:07. Aquest SGI, que s’ha realitzat des d’un punt de vista documental i teòric, suposarà una millora de l’eficàcia operativa dels processos i una important millora competitiva de l’empresa.