Crisis del "welfare State" en Europa y la crisis del bienestar social en América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Institutionality, logistics and international cooperation for the economic and social development: The case of the Plurinational State of Bolivia

Includes bibliography.

The cost of hunger: Social and economic impact of child undernutrition in the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru

The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) jointly with the World Program of Food (WFP) and recognized experts of the region developed a methodology that, using secondary information, estimate the opportunity cost derived from undernutrition. This methodology has been successfully applied in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and the Dominican Republic, where the cost of undernutrition was estimated at 6.7 billion dollars in 2004. The present study covers four countries in South America: Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru. The results indicate that the cost of the malnutrition in these countries reached 4.3 billion dollars in 2005, which is equivalent to 3.3 per cent of the GDP of these countries. The results strongly point out that child undernutrition is not only a problem of health or an unacceptable situation ethically, but it is a national problem, given the enormous social costs and the loss of opportunities that it imposes on the national economy.

Garantia do direito social à saúde no município de Ananindeua: o atendimento ao público na Promotoria de Direitos Constitucionais do Ministério Público da Comarca de Ananindeua

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a demanda individual e coletiva da população de Ananindeua que procurou o atendimento do Ministério Público da Comarca, especificamente da Promotoria de Justiça de Direitos Constitucionais, expondo suas reclamações quanto ao atendimento prestado pela política pública de saúde local. O texto procurou focar o atendimento à saúde enquanto direito social constitucionalizado pela Carta Constitucional Brasileira de 1988. Optou-se por um estudo de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa. Para efeito da pesquisa, foram utilizados os dados de todas as fichas de atendimento ao público da Promotoria de Direitos Constitucionais relativas aos anos de 2007 a 2009. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, é possível verificar que a efetivação do direito social à saúde no Brasil, constitucionalizado como direito de obrigação prestacional pelo Estado pela Carta de 1988, em todos os níveis federativos tem encontrado entraves de diversas naturezas, seja no âmbito político, relativo à priorização na agenda das políticas públicas,assim como, pelas dificuldades de ordem orçamentário-financeira, operacional e administrativa.O Sistema Único de Saúde no Município padece de comprometimentos em seu nível de resolubilidade, o que agrava o acesso e usufruto da população ao atendimento à saúde.

Parâmetros para justiciabilidade do direito social à saúde: o caso do estado do Pará

A partir do debate da chamada judicialização da saúde e seus impactos orçamentários e de planejamento das políticas públicas da área, a pesquisa trabalha com a hipótese de que o poder Judiciário deve buscar maior racionalização na tarefa de decidir este tipo de demanda, com a proposição de parâmetros/critérios racionais para tanto; buscando-se restabelecer o equilíbrio entre a faceta individual e coletiva do direito à saúde. Para tanto, uma abordagem constitucional e do direito sanitário é apresentada, sob o paradigma da medicina baseada em evidências. A jurisprudência do Suprermo Tribunal Federal sobre o direito social à saúde é exposta e sistematizada, enfatizando-se a Audiência Pública ocorrida em 2009 neste Tribunal. Procurando compreender de que forma e se este debate mais recente encontrou ecos na realidade regional e local, foi realizada pesquisa a acórdãos do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Pará, julgados entre 2008 e 2011, comparando-se com a jurisprudência do Egrégio Tribunal e visando, igualmente, conhecer as características de tais demandas a partir dos seguintes critérios: espécie de autor, representação em juízo, doença de que padecem, objeto da demanda, espécie de ação interposta, perfil dos recorrentes e resultado da demanda, bem como os principais argumentos apresentados pelos atores presentes na dinâmica – autores, réus e magistrados. A partir da pesquisa empreendida, propõem-se parâmetros específicos para a justiciabilidade do direito objeto de estudo, a partir do referencial teórico do direito como integridade de Ronald Dworkin, restabelecendo-se a integração entre direito subjetivo público e direito coletivo, como complementares à natureza do direito à saúde.

Processo judicial previdenciário: a necessária mudança de paradigma para a efetividade da política de previdencia social no Brasil

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

A agenda da regulação da comunicação social no Brasil: da constituinte aos impasses contemporâneos

The paper analyzes the regulatory framework for the Media in Brazil in the Federal Constitution and the nexus between democratization and constitutional process, interpreting relevant actors (government, political parties, civil society) and figured as the themes of communication and institutional political agenda. The obstacles to the regulation of many of the statements remain constitutional (right of communication; seal monopolies / oligopolies; regionalization of cultural production; nationalist character in control of broadcasting; compatibility between segments state, public and commercial; Social Communication Council), that replaces debate on the very principle of the right to communication regulation by analyzing the corresponding decisionmaking processes. This conflictual agenda-setting involves multiple interests, from strictly commercial aspirations of companies operating in this market, going by the increasing share of religious institutions who also want to expand upon practices of proselytizing until the interests of policy makers who also have control over a slice of that business.

Spatio-temporal patterns of tuberculosis incidence in Ribeirao Preto, State of Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil, and their relationship with social vulnerability: a Bayesian analysis

Introduction: The purpose of this ecological study was to evaluate the urban spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in Ribeirao Preto, State of Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil, between 2006 and 2009 and to evaluate its relationship with factors of social vulnerability such as income and education level. Methods: We evaluated data from TBWeb, an electronic notification system for TB cases. Measures of social vulnerability were obtained from the SEADE Foundation, and information about the number of inhabitants, education and income of the households were obtained from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Statistical analyses were conducted by a Bayesian regression model assuming a Poisson distribution for the observed new cases of TB in each area. A conditional autoregressive structure was used for the spatial covariance structure. Results: The Bayesian model confirmed the spatial heterogeneity of TB distribution in Ribeirao Preto, identifying areas with elevated risk and the effects of social vulnerability on the disease. We demonstrated that the rate of TB was correlated with the measures of income, education and social vulnerability. However, we observed areas with low vulnerability and high education and income, but with high estimated TB rates. Conclusions: The study identified areas with different risks for TB, given that the public health system deals with the characteristics of each region individually and prioritizes those that present a higher propensity to risk of TB. Complex relationships may exist between TB incidence and a wide range of environmental and intrinsic factors, which need to be studied in future research.

STATE INSTITUTIONS, POWER, AND SOCIAL NETWORKS IN BRAZILIAN URBAN POLICIES

A large historiographic tradition has studied the Brazilian state, yet we know relatively little about its internal dynamics and particularities. The role of informal, personal, and unintentional ties has remained underexplored in most policy network studies, mainly because of the pluralist origin of that tradition. It is possible to use network analysis to expand this knowledge by developing mesolevel analysis of those processes. This article proposes an analytical framework for studying networks inside policy communities. This framework considers the stable and resilient patterns that characterize state institutions, especially in contexts of low institutionalization, particularly those found in Latin America and Brazil. The article builds on research on urban policies in Brazil to suggest that networks made of institutional and personal ties structure state organizations internally and insert them,into broader political scenarios. These networks, which I call state fabric, frame politics, influence public policies, and introduce more stability and predictability than the majority of the literature usually considers. They also form a specific power resource-positional power, associated with the positions that political actors occupy-that influences politics inside and around the state.

Spatio-temporal patterns of tuberculosis incidence in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil, and their relationship with social vulnerability: a Bayesian analysis

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this ecological study was to evaluate the urban spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil, between 2006 and 2009 and to evaluate its relationship with factors of social vulnerability such as income and education level. METHODS: We evaluated data from TBWeb, an electronic notification system for TB cases. Measures of social vulnerability were obtained from the SEADE Foundation, and information about the number of inhabitants, education and income of the households were obtained from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Statistical analyses were conducted by a Bayesian regression model assuming a Poisson distribution for the observed new cases of TB in each area. A conditional autoregressive structure was used for the spatial covariance structure. RESULTS: The Bayesian model confirmed the spatial heterogeneity of TB distribution in Ribeirão Preto, identifying areas with elevated risk and the effects of social vulnerability on the disease. We demonstrated that the rate of TB was correlated with the measures of income, education and social vulnerability. However, we observed areas with low vulnerability and high education and income, but with high estimated TB rates. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified areas with different risks for TB, given that the public health system deals with the characteristics of each region individually and prioritizes those that present a higher propensity to risk of TB. Complex relationships may exist between TB incidence and a wide range of environmental and intrinsic factors, which need to be studied in future research.