Dinâmica folicular ovariana e bases para a aplicação das biotécnicas da reprodução em bovinos

In the last years Brazil has achieved a leading position in worldwide cattle breeding. This country is consolidating the practice of an intensive and technical level cattle breeding, due to greater emphasis on reproductive efficiency and genetic improvement. The attention given to reproductive efficiency became to enhance the genetic improvement process, by exploiting the full reproductive potential of the animals. The biotechniques applied to reproduction arised to expand the reproductive potential for greater economic return. Are the most important reproductive biotechniques the FTAI and in vivo and in vitro embryo production for embryo transfer. Different hormonal treatments are consolidating to interfere with normal physiology in order to achieve the desired goals. The FTAI works to increase the reproductive rates of cattle through pre-booked artificial insemination in all the females in reproduction, without the need for estrous detection. The in vivo and in vitro embryo production aims to distribute the genetics of males and females genetically improved by transferring their embryos to genetically inferior females. Superovulation treatments designed to prevent the mechanism of dominance, which results in many follicles ovulating simultaneously for in vivo embryo production. To the in vitro embryo production, the technique of ovarian puncture guided by transvaginal ultrasound allows to aspirate a number of quality oocytes. The application of biotech is based on knowledge of the female and ovarian reproductive physiology and knowledge of their acting in different breeds and environments.

Avaliação da taxa de concepção de novilhas e vacas (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) com o uso de sêmen sexado na inseminação artificial ou embriões produzidos in vivo e in vitro

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Application of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt and Azadirachta indica A. Juss in the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Parasitism constitutes one of the main problems that affect livestock. Commercial acaricides have been used to control tick, but these chemicals have been responsible for the development of drug resistance and residues in the environment. Changes in the concept of production determined the search for natural measures, which guarantees animal sanity along with safety of the produced food. This assay had as objective to evaluate the citronella oil and neem oil in the control of bovine ticks. By the technique of adult ticks immersion, 280 ticks were evaluated, distributed in equal number throughout four treatments: negative control group, positive control (ivermectin), neem oil and citronella oil. It was analyzed the mortality index, estimated reproduction, product efficiency, index of eggs production and the hatchability rate. The efficiency of the product was verified by the mortality index just for the positive control group (100%) and citronella oil (97.14%). Also, the citronella oil inhibited the eclosion of eggs in 100%. The other treatments did not presented the minimum eclosion inhibition level of 95%. Under the conditions of the present assay citronella oil was efficient against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. This result was not observed in relation to the neem oil.

Maturidade, reprodução e estrutura populacional do caranguejo Anomura Aegla marginata Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994: (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

Monitoração dos parâmetros reprodutivos e perfil sorológico do herpesvírus caprino tipo 1 e do herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 em rebanhos caprinos dos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Eficiência reprodutiva e comportamento parental de camundongos isogênicos e heterogênicos produzidos em ambiente modificado

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Efeito da vitamina C e triptofano no desempenho, comportamento e parâmetros de estresse de frangos de corte

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Induction of multiple ovulations in mares using low doses of GnRH agonist Deslorelin Acetate at 48 hours after luteolysis

This study was aimed to test low doses of a GnRH agonist, deslorelin acetate (DA), for induction of multiple ovulations in mares and to determine its impact upon their reproductive efficiency. Seven mares aging from 8-20 years were used in three consecutive reproductive cycles. Mares were initially monitored by ultrasound irrespectively of cycle stage, inseminated and submitted to embryo collection (EC) (T1). Immediately after, mares received 7.5 mg dinoprost tromothamine (DT) and were monitored by ultrasound twice a day until larger follicle reached 23-25mm and the second >18mm (T2). At this time point, mares received 100 mu g DA and ovulation was induced with 1000 mu g DA and 1000IU hCG when largest follicle reached 33-35mm in diameter, followed by EC. Mares were further allocated to T3 when received 7.5 mg DT after EC on 12 and 100 mu g DA 48 h later. DA treatment was performed until dominant follicle reached 34 +/- 1 mm or 6 days of application. All EC were performed 8 days after ovulation. Mares with multiple ovulations in T1, T2 and T3 were 14.28% (1/7), 100.00% (7/7) and 0.00% (0/7), respectively, and averaged 0.43 +/- 0.53 in T1, 0.86 +/- 0.38 in T2 and 0.00 in T3 embryos per donor, respectively. Embryo recovery rate was 43.00% in T1, 85.71% in T2 and 0.00% T3. In conclusion, use of DA in mares with follicles larger than 25mm enhanced dominant and co-dominant follicle growth, that ultimately increased the incidence of multiple ovulations and embryo recovery rate.

A comparison of three different methodologies for evaluating Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) rnicroplus susceptibility to topical spray compounds

This study aimed to compare three different methodologies (Adult Immersion Tests, field trials with naturally infected animals, and a Stall Test using artificially infested cattle) to evaluate the efficacy of two topical formulations that we administered as whole body sprays (15% Cypermethrin + 30% Chlorpyriphos + 15% Fenthion-Colosso (R) FC 30, Ouro Fino Agronegocios; and 60% Dichlorvos + 20% Chlorpyriphos-Ectofos (R), Vallee Saude Animal Ltd.), against a susceptible strain of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. To achieve this objective, two natural infestation trials were conducted, as well as two artificial infestation trials (Stall Tests) and two Adult Immersion Tests (AIT). The AIT results showed that both spray formulations achieved 100% efficacy against R. (B.) micro plus fully engorged females. However, when observing results obtained by field trials (natural infestations) and Stall Tests, none of these topically applied compounds reached 100% efficacy or affected the reproductive capacity of the fully engorged female ticks. Additional studies must be conducted to compare these in vivo methodologies with different in vitro techniques, such as the Larval Packet Test. However, based on results obtained here, we can conclude that depending on the spray formulations used, the AIT can overestimate acaricidal efficacy and values of reproductive efficiency of such compounds against R (B.) micro plus. Specifically, when dealing with spray formulations in the Stall Tests, the period of residual action can increase because these animals are sheltered from contact with environmental factors that might interfere with the efficacy of the products tested. It may be necessary to take in vivo trial results into consideration (such as field trials with naturally infested animals or Stall Tests) to standardize a specific in vitro assay, such as the Adult Immersion Test. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Suplementação com gordura protegida para vacas de corte desmamadas precocemente mantidas em pastagem natural

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of beef cows, as well as the performance of their calves according to the following dietary treatments: PRE: supplemented with protected fat (PF) during 45 days prepartum; PREPOS: supplemented with PF during 45 days prepartum and 63 days postpartum; POS: supplemented with PF during 63 days postpartum; PN: without supplementation. The productive performance of cows was not influenced by feed management (P>0.05), except for body condition score (BCS), which was lower for PRE and PREPOS cows at the end of mating season, with the latter cows having similar BCS POS and PN. The calving interval (CI) was shorter for cows supplemented in PREPOS - 376 days -, and did not differ in cows maintained in PN - 383 days. Supplemented PREPOS cows weaned 4.4% more pounds of calf per 100kg of cow at calving - 22.6kg - than the PRE and POS cows - 21.6kg and 21.6kg, respectively - and 8,4% more pounds of calf per 100 of cow at calving than the cows maintained in native pasture - 20.7kg. The fat protected supplementation during pre and/or postpartum periods did not affect the performance of cows and calves.

Viabilidade agroeconômica do consórcio de couve com espinafre 'Nova Zelândia'

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Eficiência energética de sistemas de produção de mamona no Estado de Minas Gerais

The objective of this study is to determine the economical and energetic efficiency of the castor bean culture in "Zona da Mata" and South of Minas Gerais. Through the method of simulation "Monte Carlo", we verified the probabilities of occurrence of the economical, cultural and energetic efficiency indexes. In relation to the production systems of castor bean in Minas Gerais in the season 2005/2006, we established that the variables price and productivity were the most noticeable for the producers from "Zona da Mata", while in the South of Minas it was productivity. We verified that the probability of the economical efficiency index to be lower than one was 43,26% for the producers from "Zona da Mata" and 39,57% for the ones from the South of Minas. The medium price received covered the medium costs of production. However, we observed that the medium costs in these regions of Minas Gerais, were over the minimum price. Regarding the energetic analysis, the results showed that the systems in the regions studied in Minas Gerasi, presented average of cultural efficiency indexes of 8,26 and 18,89. We concluded that despite the result being favorable from the energetic point of view, from the economical sustainability point of view there is the need of a more effective support policy for the castor bean, taking into consideration that the expectations of the producers with PNPB were not confirmed.

Avaliação energética econômica do agroecossistema algodão: uma abordagem entre sistemas familiares de produção do Paraguai e do Brasil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the energy and economic efficiency indexes per unit of cotton agro-ecosystem area in family production systems of Paraguay and Brazil; and, to establish a relationship between the energy and economic. Typologies presented by the Program to Support Small Cotton Holdings (Paraguay), and by the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Brazil). Family systems of the two countries were identified; these are located from Paraguay (San Juan–CA) and from Brazil (Leme–SP). To construct the energy expenditure structure of the cotton agro-ecosystem, as well as to assess the economic efficiency, the mean values obtained were considered, when they presented similarities in production systems and they were within the typology proposed in this study. From the technical itinerary observed the Paraguayan agro-ecosystem depended (fossil fuel 56.76%) and industrial source (35.99%). Thus, the energy balance of the agricultural stage was established, which attained a value of 17,740.69 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 5.28, and a cultural efficiency of 3.04. The Brazilian agro-ecosystem depended on energy from industrial source (insecticides 39.82%) and from fossil fuel (33.59%); it reached an energy balance of 19,547.88 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 2.12, and a cultural efficiency index of 0.71. In the economic and energy indicator ratio, with regard to the months referring to the harvest time, that is to say, March, April, and May, the maximum economic efficiency indicator of paraguay was attained in the month of May (1,00), and from Brazil in the month of May (1,71). Both production systems analyzed were presented efficient, however, dependent of external circumstances and non-renewable energy sources.

Valiação energética e econômica do agroecossistema algodão: uma abordagem entre sistemas familiares de produção do Paraguai e Brasil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the energy and economic efficiency indexes per unit of cotton agro-ecosystem area in family production systems of Paraguay and Brazil; and, to establish a relationship between the energy and economic. Typologies presented by the Program to Support Small Cotton Holdings (Paraguay), and by the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Brazil). Family systems of the two countries were identified; these are located from Paraguay (San Juan–CA) and from Brazil (Leme–SP). To construct the energy expenditure structure of the cotton agro-ecosystem, as well as to assess the economic efficiency, the mean values obtained were considered, when they presented similarities in production systems and they were within the typology proposed in this study. From the technical itinerary observed the Paraguayan agro-ecosystem depended (fossil fuel 56.76%) and industrial source (35.99%). Thus, the energy balance of the agricultural stage was established, which attained a value of 17,740.69 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 5.28, and a cultural efficiency of 3.04. The Brazilian agro-ecosystem depended on energy from industrial source (insecticides 39.82%) and from fossil fuel (33.59%); it reached an energy balance of 19,547.88 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 2.12, and a cultural efficiency index of 0.71. In the economic and energy indicator ratio, with regard to the months referring to the harvest time, that is to say, March, April, and May, the maximum economic efficiency indicator of paraguay was attained in the month of May (1,00), and from Brazil in the month of May (1,71). Both production systems analyzed were presented efficient, however, dependent of external circumstances and non-renewable energy sources.

Análise multivariada de características reprodutivas e produtivas de vacas da raça Holandesa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)