Data and Code archive for the interpolation of surface ocean carbon dioxide

We have developed a statistical gap-filling method adapted to the specific coverage and properties of observed fugacity of surface ocean CO2 (fCO2). We have used this method to interpolate the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) v2 database on a 2.5°×2.5° global grid (south of 70°N) for 1985-2011 at monthly resolution. The method combines a spatial interpolation based on a 'radius of influence' to determine nearby similar fCO2 values with temporal harmonic and cubic spline curve-fitting, and also fits long term trends and seasonal cycles. Interannual variability is established using deviations of observations from the fitted trends and seasonal cycles. An uncertainty is computed for all interpolated values based on the spatial and temporal range of the interpolation. Tests of the method using model data show that it performs as well as or better than previous regional interpolation methods, but in addition it provides a near-global and interannual coverage.

Kaleidophone : new resources of melody and harmony : pitch scales in relation to chord structures : an aid to composers, performers, arrangers, teachers, song-writers, students, conductors, critics, and all who work with music /

Mode of access: Internet.

Toxicological profile for wood creosote, coal tar, coal tar creosote, coal tar, coal tar pitch, and coal tar pitch volatiles : draft /

"Update"--Cover.

Proofs of the interpolation of the vowel-letters in the text of the Hebrew Bible and grounds thence derived for a revision of its authorized English version /

Errata slip inserted.

Interpolation and allied tables.

Mode of access: Internet.

The viscosity of pitch.

Mode of access: Internet.

The effects of practice on judgments of absolute pitch,

Published also as thesis (PH. D.) Columbia University, 1922.

A systematic analysis of the pine pitch midges, Cecidomyia spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) /

Issued Nov. 1978.

Practice effects, knowledge of results and transfer in pitch discrimination

Cover title.

Survey report on San Pitch River basin, Utah.

Cover title.

Extrapolation, interpolation, and smoothing of stationary time series, with engineering applications.

"First published during the war as a classified report to Section D2, National Defense Research Committee."

Pitch jump probability measures for the analysis of snoring sounds in apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease in which upper airways are collapsed during sleep, leading to serious consequences. The gold standard of diagnosis, called polysomnography (PSG), requires a full-night hospital stay connected to over ten channels of measurements requiring physical contact with sensors. PSG is inconvenient, expensive and unsuited for community screening. Snoring is the earliest symptom of OSA, but its potential in clinical diagnosis is not fully recognized yet. Diagnostic systems intent on using snore-related sounds (SRS) face the tough problem of how to define a snore. In this paper, we present a working definition of a snore, and propose algorithms to segment SRS into classes of pure breathing, silence and voiced/unvoiced snores. We propose a novel feature termed the 'intra-snore-pitch-jump' (ISPJ) to diagnose OSA. Working on clinical data, we show that ISPJ delivers OSA detection sensitivities of 86-100% while holding specificity at 50-80%. These numbers indicate that snore sounds and the ISPJ have the potential to be good candidates for a take-home device for OSA screening. Snore sounds have the significant advantage in that they can be conveniently acquired with low-cost non-contact equipment. The segmentation results presented in this paper have been derived using data from eight patients as the training set and another eight patients as the testing set. ISPJ-based OSA detection results have been derived using training data from 16 subjects and testing data from 29 subjects.