Eficácia de Spinosad e IGR Plus no controle das pragas de grãos armazenados Rhyzopertha dominica e Sitophilus zeamais.

2008

Integrated analysis of CANVAS 1 and 2: phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ceftaroline versus vancomycin plus aztreonam in complicated skin and skin-structure infection.

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common cause of complicated skin and skin-structure infection (cSSSI). Increasing antimicrobial resistance in cSSSI has led to a need for new safe and effective therapies. Ceftaroline was evaluated as treatment for cSSSI in 2 identical phase 3 clinical trials, the pooled analysis of which is presented here. The primary objective of each trial was to determine the noninferiority of the clinical cure rate achieved with ceftaroline monotherapy, compared with that achieved with vancomycin plus aztreonam combination therapy, in the clinically evaluable (CE) and modified intent-to-treat (MITT) patient populations. METHODS: Adult patients with cSSSI requiring intravenous therapy received ceftaroline (600 mg every 12 h) or vancomycin plus aztreonam (1 g each every 12 h) for 5-14 days. RESULTS: Of 1378 patients enrolled in both trials, 693 received ceftaroline and 685 received vancomycin plus aztreonam. Baseline characteristics of the treatment groups were comparable. Clinical cure rates were similar for ceftaroline and vancomycin plus aztreonam in the CE (91.6% vs 92.7%) and MITT (85.9% vs 85.5%) populations, respectively, as well as in patients infected with MRSA (93.4% vs 94.3%). The rates of adverse events, discontinuations because of an adverse event, serious adverse events, and death also were similar between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ceftaroline achieved high clinical cure rates, was efficacious against cSSSI caused by MRSA and other common cSSSI pathogens, and was well tolerated, with a safety profile consistent with the cephalosporin class. Ceftaroline has the potential to provide a monotherapy alternative for the treatment of cSSSI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00424190 for CANVAS 1 and NCT00423657 for CANVAS 2.

Variability in phenotype induced by the podocin variant R229Q plus a single pathogenic mutation.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in podocin (NPHS2) are the most common cause of childhood onset autosomal recessive steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). The disease is characterized by early-onset proteinuria, resistance to immunosuppressive therapy and rapid progression to end-stage renal disease. Compound heterozygous changes involving the podocin variant R229Q combined with another pathogenic mutation have been associated with a mild phenotype with disease onset often in adulthood. METHODS: We screened 19 families with early-onset SRNS for mutations in NPHS2 and WT1 and identified four disease-causing mutations (three in NPHS2 and one in WT1) prior to planned whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS: We describe two families with three individuals presenting in childhood who are compound heterozygous for R229Q and one other pathogenic NPHS2 mutation, either L327F or A297V. One child presented at age 4 years (A297V plus R229Q) and the other two at age 13 (L327F plus R229Q), one with steadily deteriorating renal function. CONCLUSIONS: These cases highlight the phenotypic variability associated with the NPHS2 R229Q variant plus pathogenic mutation. Individuals may present with early aggressive disease.

Dolutegravir plus Abacavir-Lamivudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection

BACKGROUND: Dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572), a once-daily, unboosted integrase inhibitor, was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Dolutegravir, in combination with abacavir-lamivudine, may provide a simplified regimen. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study involving adult participants who had not received previous therapy for HIV-1 infection and who had an HIV-1 RNA level of 1000 copies per milliliter or more. Participants were randomly assigned to dolutegravir at a dose of 50 mg plus abacavir-lamivudine once daily (DTG-ABC-3TC group) or combination therapy with efavirenz-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF)-emtricitabine once daily (EFV-TDF-FTC group). The primary end point was the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level of less than 50 copies per milliliter at week 48. Secondary end points included the time to viral suppression, the change from baseline in CD4+ T-cell count, safety, and viral resistance. RESULTS: A total of 833 participants received at least one dose of study drug. At week 48, the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level of less than 50 copies per milliliter was significantly higher in the DTG-ABC-3TC group than in the EFV-TDF-FTC group (88% vs. 81%, P = 0.003), thus meeting the criterion for superiority. The DTG-ABC-3TC group had a shorter median time to viral suppression than did the EFV-TDF-FTC group (28 vs. 84 days, P<0.001), as well as greater increases in CD4+ T-cell count (267 vs. 208 per cubic millimeter, P<0.001). The proportion of participants who discontinued therapy owing to adverse events was lower in the DTG-ABC-3TC group than in the EFV-TDF-FTC group (2% vs. 10%); rash and neuropsychiatric events (including abnormal dreams, anxiety, dizziness, and somnolence) were significantly more common in the EFV-TDF-FTC group, whereas insomnia was reported more frequently in the DTG-ABC-3TC group. No participants in the DTG-ABC-3TC group had detectable antiviral resistance; one tenofovir DF-associated mutation and four efavirenz-associated mutations were detected in participants with virologic failure in the EFV-TDF-FTC group. CONCLUSIONS: Dolutegravir plus abacavir-lamivudine had a better safety profile and was more effective through 48 weeks than the regimen with efavirenz-tenofovir DF-emtricitabine. Copyright © 2013 Massachusetts Medical Society.

La calculadora TI 92 plus y el CBR en la modelación del movimiento pendular

La introducción a la clase de matemáticas de la calculadora TI 92 Plus y otros dispositivos, tales como el CBR, están generando una nueva cultura matemática, caracterizar algunos rasgos de éste fenómeno educativo en la modelación del movimiento pendular es el propósito central de la presente investigación. El trabajo de los estudiantes permitió observar en la práctica los constitutivos del marco teórico del proyecto de incorporación de nuevas tecnologías al currículo de matemáticas de Colombia, como son: mediación instrumental, representaciones ejecutables, cognición situada, solución de problemas, fluidez algorítmica y fluidez conceptual.

Enseñanza de la trigonometría partiendo de la proporcionalidad, mediante la implementación de la calculadora TI-92 plus: una experiencia en el aula

En el trabajo que hemos venido realizando en las pasantías de extensión, pretendemos desarrollar parte de la trigonometría desde la época griega hasta la actualidad; tomando como eje central la proporcionalidad, basados en una metodología de resolución de problemas e implementado la calculadora T.I.- 92 Plus en el aula. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, diseñamos una serie de actividades enfocadas a desarrollar el concepto de proporcionalidad, trabajando desde la semejanza de triángulos. Este enfoque permite al estudiante, por medio de sus experiencias, construir un conjunto de herramientas que le contribuya no sólo enfrentarse a una situación problema, sino que también le ayude a desarrollar su comprensión y habilidad matemáticas.

Cabri II Plus como herramienta para la enseñanza de las isometrías

La incorporación en la vida cotidiana de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación ha significado un cambio radical en la forma de desarrollar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en las diferentes disciplinas y niveles escolares. En este sentido, el software de geometría dinámica “Cabri Géomètre II Plus” es un programa computacional de fácil manipulación, amigable y de rápido aprendizaje, que permite a los estudiantes visualizar, descubrir, conjeturar y/o comprobar propiedades que se deseen trabajar. El presente artículo tiene como finalidad mostrar actividades en el tema de transformaciones isométricas y que se pueden desarrollar con el uso de Cabri II Plus, y que permiten el desarrollo del pensamiento geométrico.

Actividades elementales en la calculadora graficadora (Ti - 89, Ti – 92 Plus, Voyage 200)

Actualmente la influencia que tiene la tecnología en la Educación Matemática como medio facilitador tanto en el proceso de aprendizaje como en el de enseñanza de algunas temáticas de las matemáticas escolares, ha generado su inclusión en las instituciones educativas como es el caso, de las calculadoras graficadoras. No obstante, en general son varios los profesores de matemáticas que aunque cuentan con este tipo de recursos para desarrollar sus clases, se abstienen de utilizarlos porque no saben cómo ni en qué momento hacerlo. Por tanto, se presenta algunas actividades sobre ciertas temáticas de la matemática escolar en donde sea factible el uso de herramientas básicas de la calculadora.

Fixed-dose combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: sitagliptin plus pioglitazone

Importance of the field: Type 2 diabetes is typically associated with insulin resistance and dysfunction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells. Addressing these defects often requires therapy with a combination of differently acting antidiabetic agents. A potential novel combination in development brings together the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone into a fixed-dose single-tablet combination. The former component acts mainly to increase prandial insulin secretion; the latter improves insulin sensitivity.