Investigation of heat exchanger inclination in forced-draught air-cooled heat exchangers

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of inclining the heat exchanger relative to the fan in a forced draught air-cooled heat exchanger. Since inclination increases plenum depth, the effect of inclination is also compared with increasing plenum depth without inclination. The experimental study shows that inclination improves thermal performance by only 0.5%, when compared with a baseline non-inclined case with a shallow plenum. Similarly, increasing plenum depth without inclination has a thermal performance benefit of approximately 1%. The numerical study shows that, as the heat exchanger is inclined, the low velocity core at the centre of the heat exchanger moves to one side. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Forced Labour in Northern Ireland: exploiting vulnerability

This report explores the extent of forced labour among new migrants to Northern Ireland and outlines a number of recommendations for tackling the problem.

Investigation of heat exchanger inclination in forced-draught air-cooled heat exchangers

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of inclining the heat exchanger relative to the fan in a forced draught air-cooled heat exchanger. Since inclination increases plenum depth, the effect of inclination is also compared with increasing plenum depth without inclination. The experimental study shows that inclination improves thermal performance by only 0.5%, when compared with a baseline non-inclined case with a shallow plenum. Similarly, increasing plenum depth without inclination has a thermal performance benefit of approximately 1%. The numerical study shows that, as the heat exchanger is inclined, the low velocity core at the centre of the heat exchanger moves to one side.

Accountability for Forced Displacement in Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda before the International Criminal Court

This article examines the challenges of investigating and prosecuting forced displacement in the Central African countries of Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, where higher loss of life was caused by forced displacement, than by any other. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, armed groups intentionally attacked civilian populations displacing them from their homes, to cut them off from food and medical supplies. In Northern Uganda, the government engaged in a forced displacement policy as part of its counter-insurgency against the Lord’s Resistance Army, driving the civilian population into “protected villages”, where at one point the weekly death toll was over 1,000 in these camps. This article critically evaluates how criminal responsibility can be established for forced displacement and alternative approaches to accountability through reparations.

Forced Displacement, Suffering and the Aesthetics of Loss

This article investigates how artists have addressed shocking experiences of displacement in different political contexts. Drawing on the notion of ‘the aesthetics of loss’ (Köstlin, 2010), it examines and compares the different aims, desires and strategies that have shaped the histories and social lives of paintings, memorial statues, installations and other artefacts. The analysis identifies a mode of artistic engagement with the sense of a ‘loss of homeland’ that has been commonly felt amongst Sudeten German expellees, namely the production and framing of visual images as markers of collective trauma. These aesthetics of loss are contrasted with the approach taken by the Dutch artist Sophie Ernst in her project entitled HOME. Working with displaced people from Pakistan, India, Palestine, Israel and Iraq, she created a mnemonic space to stimulate a more individualistic, exploratory engagement with the loss of home, which aimed, in part, to elicit interpersonal empathy. To simply oppose these two modes of aesthetic engagement, however, would ignore the ways in which artefacts are drawn into different discursive, affective and spatial formations. This article argues for the need to expose such dynamic processes of framing and reframing by focusing on the processual aspects of aestheticisation with attention to the perspective of loss.

Complex-order forced van der Pol oscillator

In this paper we consider a complex-order forced van der Pol oscillator. The complex derivative Dα1jβ, with α, β ∈ ℝ+, is a generalization of the concept of an integer derivative, where α = 1, β = 0. The Fourier transforms of the periodic solutions of the complex-order forced van der Pol oscillator are computed for various values of parameters such as frequency ω and amplitude b of the external forcing, the damping μ, and parameters α and β. Moreover, we consider two cases: (i) b = 1, μ = {1.0, 5.0, 10.0}, and ω = {0.5, 2.46, 5.0, 20.0}; (ii) ω = 20.0, μ = {1.0, 5.0, 10.0}, and b = {1.0, 5.0, 10.0}. We verified that most of the signal energy is concentrated in the fundamental harmonic ω0. We also observed that the fundamental frequency of the oscillations ω0 varies with α and μ. For the range of tested values, the numerical fitting led to logarithmic approximations for system (7) in the two cases (i) and (ii). In conclusion, we verify that by varying the parameter values α and β of the complex-order derivative in expression (7), we accomplished a very effective way of perturbing the dynamical behavior of the forced van der Pol oscillator, which is no longer limited to parameters b and ω.

Influence of functional groups of activated carbon in the anchoring of iron particles by forced hydrolysis and its use to remove hexavalent chromiun from aqueous solutions.

Tesis (Master of Science with orientation in Sustainable Processes) UANL, 2014.

Why should Restrictive Clauses be applicable in Cases of Forced Selling of Limited Liability Company Shares?

In many European countries, one of the most complex and widely discussed issues addressed by legal systems with respect to forced selling of limited liability and public limited company shares is the impact of possible statutory restrictions on transfers . Thus, while some authors deny the applicability of such provisions (as a possible avenue for commission of creditor fraud) , others support their validity (on the basis of prevention of possible fraudulent actions affecting interests protected by restrictive causes). In my opinion, a solution must be found in which prosecution of creditor fraud co-exists with respect for the rights scheme. As a general rule, this solution would call for applicability of restrictive clauses to cases of forced selling, regardless of whether such statutory provisions are viewed in terms of order or alienation.

Inertial oscillation forced by the September 1997 cyclone in the Bay of Bengal

Time-series measurements from a moored data buoy located in the Bay of Bengal captured signals of inertial oscillation forced by the September 1997 cyclone. The progressive vector diagram showed mean northeastward current with well-defined clockwise circulation. Spectral analysis exhibited inertial peak at 0.67 cpd with blue shift and high rotary coefficient of –0.99, which signifies strong circular inertial oscillation. The wind and SST also exhibited spectral peak at inertial band (0.69 cpd) with higher blue shift. The inertial amplitude of 148.8 cm/s corresponding to a wind stress of 0.99 N/m2 and spectral peak near the local inertial frequency (0.653 cpd) indicate that the transfer of momentum was high.

Scoring Methods for Ordinal Multidimensional Forced-Choice Items

In most psychological tests and questionnaires, a test score is obtained by taking the sum of the item scores. In virtually all cases where the test or questionnaire contains multidimensional forced-choice items, this traditional scoring method is also applied. We argue that the summation of scores obtained with multidimensional forced-choice items produces uninterpretable test scores. Therefore, we propose three alternative scoring methods: a weak and a strict rank preserving scoring method, which both allow an ordinal interpretation of test scores; and a ratio preserving scoring method, which allows a proportional interpretation of test scores. Each proposed scoring method yields an index for each respondent indicating the degree to which the response pattern is inconsistent. Analysis of real data showed that with respect to rank preservation, the weak and strict rank preserving method resulted in lower inconsistency indices than the traditional scoring method; with respect to ratio preservation, the ratio preserving scoring method resulted in lower inconsistency indices than the traditional scoring method

Land Restitution and Prevention of Forced Displacement in Colombia

The armed conflict in Colombia, which has generated over three million internally displaced persons, has dramatic humanitarian consequences and raises serious issues regarding the protection of displaced peoples’ rights. The underlying reasons for the displacement often lie in the dynamics associated with territorial control and land seizures undertaken for strategic, military or purely economic purposes. Domestic and international legal provisions have established the victims’ right to the restitution of their homes and property as the “preferred remedy” in cases of displacement. However, policies dealing with displacement, both those of the Colombian government and of several international institutions, fail to take this sufficiently into account. A comprehensive reparation policy for victims must necessarily entail the reversion of lands, territories and goods seized in Colombia under the pretext of the internal armed conflict.