1000 resultados para die Welle


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The spring session of ACFM gave advice for a number of stocks in the North Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic. The present assessment of the situation is given here for stocks of higher importance for the German fishery. These are: Blue Whiting: the stock is still relatively high, this, however, will not last very long, due to too intense fishing. Cod in Kattegat: stock is outside safe biological limits. No immediate recovery in sight. Cod in 22–24 (Baltic): stock is inside save biological limits. F, however, is above the recommendation of the IBSFC. Greenland Halibut: state of the stock not quite clear. The present fishing intensity seems to be sustainable. Herring (Atlanto- scandian, Norwegian spring spawner): stock is within safe biological limits, weak recruitment of the recent years will lead to a reduction of biomass. Herring: for Baltic spring spawner in 22–24 and IIIa still no increasing tendency detectable. North Sea Herring: further increasing tendency, with 900 000 t over B lim, good recruitment. Herring in VIa: stable. Redfish: generally decreasing tendency observed, a reduction of the fishery is recommended. Signs of recovery, however, visible for some units

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A subject of a change of authorised limits in 1994 for the discharge of liquid radioactive waste by the reprocessing plant Sellafield (UK) was an increase of these limits for certain radionuclides (3H, 14C, 60Co, 99Tc and 129I). It is investigated now how the radioactivity in marine biota from the North Sea and subsequently the public radiation exposure by ingestion has developed in the years since 1994. This is based on a compartment model for the Northeast Atlantic. Discharges of the reprocessing plants Dounreay (UK) and La Hague (F) are included in the assessment. It is deduced that about 60 % of 137Cs in the North Sea originate presently in the remobilisation of old Sellafield discharges from the Irish Sea sediment. A comparison with measured biota data shows that the model is conservative in the most cases. The public radiation exposure from ingestion of fish, crustaceans and molluscs from the central North Sea as the sum over 12 considered radionuclides has decreased from 1992 to 1998 from 0,13 to 0,08 μSv·y–1. For the southward and northward joined regions it was a little bit smaller with a similar decreasing trend.

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Baltic Sea herring is a traditional raw material for the German fish processing industry and the fresh fish market. This applies also for the spring herring of the spawning population of the waters around the island of Rügen. Reduction of the fat content to about 5 % during the spawning cycle limits the processing possibilities of mature herring from this area. Failures in taste and odour (tainting), a common problem of the past have not been detected in the last 3 years. Infestation by nematodes are comparable to other herring stocks and contamination levels of organic and inorganic contaminants are well below allowable limits. The annual German fishing quota of about 85000 t of Baltic Sea herring is now utilised only to 10 %. For a stronger utilization of this stock as in the 70th and 80th , there are scarcely prerequisites. The project of a central processing plant on the island Rügen for about 50000 t of herring as raw material is not realistic. The answer to the question asked at the beginning of this article, whether Baltic Sea herring represents a raw material for the German fish processing industry, is YES, dispite some restrictions.

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A short review of the actual assessments on the northeast atlantic groundfish stocks of cod, saithe, haddock, redfish and Greenland halibut provided by the ICES „Arctic Fisheries Working Group“is given. All these stocks are presently considered outside safe biological limits. For the first time since 5 years the cod stock is in an endangered situation, because the assessment was to optimistic and the TAC therefore set to high. According to the recent assessments necessary changes in the commercial fishery of the year 1998 off the Nowegian coast and in the Barent-Sea area are discussed. Information on distribution and fishery of cod, haddock, saithe and redfish is given. Biological investigations were carried out onboard the German factory trawler FMS „KIEL“ in January/March and September/ Occtober 1998 in order to collect data of the German fishery in that area. Aspects of length and age distributions, and stomach- and gonad investigation are represented.

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Die mauretanische Atlantikküste ist rund 700 km lang. Der Küste vorgelagert ist ein ca. 30 bis 120, im Mittel 50 km breiter Schelf, von insgesamt 34 000 km2, wenn man die 200-m-Tiefenlinie als Schelfgrenze zugrundelegt. Dieses Schelfgebiet liegt im Bereich des nordost-atlantischen Auftriebs. Aufsteigende, kalte und sauerstoffreiche Tiefenwasser führen dort zu einer hohen Primärproduktion. Das bedeutet gute Nahrungsbedingungen für eine vielfältige und reichhaltige Fauna mit hoher Reproduktionsfähigkeit. Das bedeutet gleichzeitig ideale Bedingungen für eine vielfältige und ertragreiche Fischerei. So ist die Fischerei auch neben dem Eisenerzabbau die wichtigste wirtschaftlichen Grundlage für das Land. Das Forschungsinstitut in Nouadhibou, der zweitgrößten Stadt des Landes, schätzt das Fischereipotential innerhalb der Wirtschaftszone auf über 1 Mill. Tonnen, wovon ca. 80 % auf pelagische Arten entfallen. Die unmittelbare Nutzung der Ressourcen durch die einheimische Fischerei spielte bisher nur eine kleine Rolle. Zwar ändert sich das in dem Maße wie die Bevölkerungszahl zunimmt, aber immer noch werden die größeren Anteile der fischbaren Reserven an ausländische Fischereien vergeben, gegen Lizenzgebühren, versteht sich. Einer der Vertragspartner Mauretaniens ist die Europäische Union. Seit dem 1. August 1996 ist ein Fischereiabkommen in Kraft, das der Union Fischereirechte an bestimmten Arten einräumt. Dieses Abkommen gilt zunächst für 5 Jahre, kann aber um jeweils den gleichen Zeitraum erweitert werden. Es soll hier umrissen werden, wie sich dieser Vertrag in die biologischen, fischereilichen, sozialen und politischen Bedingungen des Landes einfügt.

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In the Institute for Fishery Technology in Hamburg a new sorting grid for herring trawl fishery was developed which is more adapted to the commercial fishery than existing constructions. Therefore a flexible design was choosen with braided snoods as grid elements and rubber rings for shape stabilization. First tests were carried out with twin trawlers in the Western Baltic in February 1999. They proved principally the serviceability of this grid construction under commercial fishing conditions. The percentage of small sized herring was essentially reduced. Due to only few hauls more detailed quantitative statements are not possible yet.

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Recently, the German redfish fishery displayed a pronounced seasonal pattern in geographic effort distribution and depth. The second and third quarters were the main season when 80 % of the effort was exerted. During the second quarter, the fleet activities were concentrated in international waters close to the Icelandic Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), fishing at depths exceeding 600 m. In contrast, the catches in the third quarter were taken mainly inside the Greenland EEZ at depths around 300 m. From 1995 to 1998, the annual effort ranged from 14 000 to 18 000 trawling hours, without a trend. This effort yielded about 18 000 to 21 000 t (international catch > 100 000 t) annually. Since 1996, the catch rate (CPUE) decreased during the main season. The decrease in CPUE should be interpreted as the first reaction of the stock to increased exploitation. The fish size also varied seasonally and peaked during the second quarter at depths exceeding 600 m. Here, males were bigger than females and both sexes were equally frequent. The increase of fish size with increasing depth did not contribute to the hypothesis of two separate pelagic redfish stocks above and below 500 m. In contrast, the close relation between fish size and depth point to the so-called “deeper-bigger phenomenon” which was found in numerous fish stocks. Very few redfish in the catches were immature.

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Information is given about the results of the latest meeting of the Herring Assessment Working Group for the Area South of 62° N and the Baltic Fisheries Assessment Working Group, which were conducted in March and April at ICES headquarters in Copenhagen. The actual stock development and the catch options estimated for different assessment units of herring and sprat are presented. The spawning stock size of North Sea herring reached in 1998 for the first time since 1991 a level above the Minimum Biological Acceptable Level (MBAL) of 800 000 t. Keeping the fishery at the present level the spawning stock size should reach in 1999 a level of about 1.2 mio. t. For the Western Baltic Spring spawning herring stock no actual stock estimate was presented. Due to uncertainties in splitting the catches in North Sea autumn and Baltic spring spawners no analytical assessment was accepted.

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Die Situation der bewirtschafteten Fischbestände im NAFO-Gebiet hat sich im Jahr 1998 im Vergleich zu 1997 nicht verändert. Alle Bestände auf der Grand bank (Gebiet 3LNO) bis auf die Gelbschwarzflunder, deren Bestand sich weiter vergrößerte, bleiben auf niedrigstem Niveau mit wenig Aussicht auf eine kurzfristige Erholung. Auch die Bestände auf der Flämischen Kappe (Gebiet 3M) sind mit Ausnahme der Garnelen (Pandalus boreals) in der gleichen Situation.

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In der Zeit unzureichender Nahrungsmittelversorgung nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nahmen schon wenige Wochen nach Kriegsende die ersten Fischereifahrzeuge wieder den Fang auf. Unzureichend ausgerüstet und z.T. nur provisorisch wieder für Fischereizwecke zurückgewandelt, bemühten sie sich, in zugewiesenen, begrenzten Seegebieten zu fischen und so ihren Versorgungsbeitrag zu leisten. Einen möglichst großen Anteil dieser Fänge als Konsumware der hungernden Bevölkerung direkt zukommen zu lassen, das war ab Spätsommer 1945 das Hauptziel von Fischereibiologen, Lebensmittelchemikern und Fischereitechnikern, die sich zum größten Teil in Hamburg zusammen gefunden hatten. Sie gehörten zu den Nachkriegsresten von vier Instituten der ehemaligen Reichsanstalt für Fischerei (1938-1945): dem Institut für See- und Küstenfischerei aus Hamburg-Altona, dem Institut für Ostseefischerei aus Swinemünde, dem Institut für Fischverarbeitung aus Hamburg- Altona, dem Institut für Netzforschung aus Lötzen (Ostpr.). Schon ab Herbst 1945 gingen die vier Institutsreste in die Verwaltung der Hansestadt Hamburg über und wurden mit kleinen, aber regelmäßigen städtischen Etats arbeitsfähig.

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The fishery ministers of the EU agreed in their yearly pre-Christmas marathon session on 18th and 19th Dec. 1997 on next year’s TACs and country quota. Main decision was the increase of the TAC for North sea cod and a smaller than feared cut of cod TACs in the West of Scotland zone, the Irish Sea and the English Channel. For the first time ministers set country quota for horse mackerel; until 1997 there had been - with the exception for Portugal and Spain - only a common quota. Also for the much disputed sandeel fishery a TAC of 1 mio. t was finally established, as well as for bluefin tuna and swordfish in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. For 1998 the EU member countries dispose of a total catch quota of 4.46 mio. t in EU waters, and together with quota in third country waters of 5.2 mio. t. Of this total quota, 3.16 mio. t are fish for human consumption and 2.1 mio. t fish for industrial purposes.

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The question has not yet been completely solved whether or not the mackerel and horse mackerel stocks in the waters from the Bay of Biscay to the Atlantic off the Norwegian coast are independent unit stocks or must be regarded rather as one stock with distinct stock components. The stock definition, however, is the basis for fishery management and is fundamental for the exploitation of the stocks. For this reason the extensive mackerel and horse mackerel egg survey carried out in 1998, is of high importance and significance for the fishery management of the two species. The survey has begun in January in Iberian waters and will eventually end in the autumn north of Scotland. To cope with this task research vessels of eight European nations are participating.

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Im Laufe von zwei Jahrzehnten hat sich das Profil Europas erheblich verändert. Im Zuge der bisherigen drei Erweiterungen der uropäischen emeinschaften, später Europäische Union, 1973, 1986 und 1995 ist die Zahl der Mitgliedstaaten von 6 auf 15 gestiegen. Mit dem Ende des Kalten Krieges und dem Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion eröffneten sich der internationalen Zusammenarbeit neue Perspektiven, und die Europäische Union gewann eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Förderung des friedlichen Wandels und der Stabilität in ganz Europa. Deutlich wurde diese Rolle insbesondere in ihrer Unterstützung der deutschen Wiedervereinigung und in ihrer umfangreichen Hilfe für die Länder in Mittel- und Osteuropa (MOEL). 1993 eröffnete der Europäische Rat in Kopenhagen diesen Ländern Perspektiven für einen Beitritt zur EU.

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The current approval procedure for wind farm proposals in the German EEZ only considers site specific conflict analysis between the wind farm and fisheries. Due to the relatively small spatial coverage of single sites potential opportunity losses to the fisheries are always considered as low or negligible. Cumulative effects on fisheries that will occur once all proposed wind farms are in place are not yet considered adequately. However, those cumulative effects will be quite substantial because, in particular, opportunities to catch such valuable species as flatfish will be considerably reduced.

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Die Tagung setzte den während der vorigen Jahrestagung zu beobachtenden Kurs einer Schwerpunktverlagerung generell fort. Diese ist durch die stärkere Berücksichtigung des Vorsorgeansatzes im Fischereimanagement auf der Grundlage wissenschaftlicher Empfehlungen des ACFM (Management-Komitee für Fischerei) des ICES gekennzeichnet. Damit traten die in der Vergangenheit fischereipolitisch dominierten nationalen Managementinteressen weitestgehend in den Hintergrund und trugen somit zu einer sachlichen Tagungsatmosphäre bei. Wichtigste Tagungsthemen waren die Ausnutzung der nationalen Quoten für 1997 und 1998 (1. Halbjahr), die Festlegung der zulässigen Gesamtfangmengen (TAC) für die internationalen Fischereien 1999, aber auch Strategien zur Nutzung der lebenden Ressourcen der Ostsee unter den Bedingungen des Vorsorgeansatzes im Fischereimanagement. An den Beratungen nahmen Ländervertreter und Experten Estlands, der EU, Lettlands, Polens und der Russischen Föderation sowie Beobachter des ICES (Internationaler Rat für Meeresforschung) und der HELCOM (Helsinki-Kommission) teil.