Ostracodes in bottom sediments of the Laptev Sea

This work is the first detailed description of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene and Recent Ostracoda of the Laptev Sea. A total of 45 species in 22 genera and 13 families have been identified. All these species are described monographically. Three different ecological assemblages of ostracodes corresponding to different combinations of environmental parameters have been established; they are restricted to three regions of the sea: western-central, eastern, and southern. The recent ostracode assemblages of the Laptev Sea have been compared with those from other Arctic areas and are most similar to those of the Beaufort and Kara seas. Data on recent Ostracoda are used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions on the eastern shelf and western continental slope of the Laptev Sea. For this purpose, ostracodes from five sections obtained from these parts of the sea have been examined. The oldest sediments, which are of Late Pleistocene age (15.8 cal. ka BP), have been recovered in a core from the western continental slope. These yielded five ostracode assemblages, which correspond to different paleoenvironments and replaced each other in the course of the rapid postglacial sea-level rise, thus showing variations in the Atlantic water inflow from the west and freshwater discharge from the subaerially exposed shelf. On the outer shelf of the eastern part of the sea, the rapid sea-level rise in the Early Holocene (lowermost dating 11.3 cal. ka BP) led to a rapid transition from assemblages of brackish-water nearshore environments to those of modernlike normal marine environments; modern environments were established about 8.2 cal. ka ago. Since core sections from the inner shelf correspond to the time when the level of the sea had already reached its modern values, changes in taxonomic composition of ostracode assemblages primarily mirror variations in river runoff.

Pollen and spore deposition in different areas of the Lena Delta

Studies of the annual pollen and spore deposition in different areas of the Lena Delta were undertaken for the first time in the Asian sector of the Arctic during the Russian-German ''LENA 98'' and ''LENA 99'' expeditions in the framework of the International ''Laptev Sea System-2000'' Project. To achieve this objective, three spore-pollen traps were set up along the meridional delta profile in accordance with the European Pollen Monitoring Programme for the period July 1998 to August 1999. A comparison between the results of spore-pollen analysis of the contents of traps and the surrounding vegetation was performed. The results confirmed the current spore-pollen spectra are comprised both of pollen and spores of the local plants and of long-distance pollen and spores. The dependence of the long-distance pollen deposition on the character of the wind regime of the region was established. The prevailing southerly and southeasterly wind direction determines the main pollen influx of tree species from the areas of their growth south of the delta. The features of the morphological structure and fossilization of pollen and the features of the productive capability and plant growing conditions are of large significance in the pollen transfer and deposition.

Upper Maestrichtian to Eocene benthic foraminifera in ODP Leg 121 holes

Late Maestrichtian to late Eocene bathyal benthic foraminiferal faunas at Sites 752,753, and 754 on Broken Ridge in the eastern Indian Ocean were analyzed as to their stratigraphic distribution of species to clarify the relation between faunal turnovers and paleoceanographic changes. Based on Q-mode factor analysis, eight varimax assemblages were distinguished: the Stensioina beccariiformis assemblage in the upper Maestrichtian to upper Paleocene; the Cibicidoides hyphalus assemblage in the upper Maestrichtian; the Cibicidoides cf. pseudoperlucidus assemblage in the upper Paleocene; the Anomalinoides capitatusldanicus assemblage in the uppermost Paleocene to lower Eocene; the Cibicidoides subspiratus assemblage in the lower Eocene; the Nuttallides truempyi assemblage in the lower and middle Eocene; the Osangularia sp. 1 - Hanzawaia ammophila assemblage in the upper Eocene; and the Lenticulina spp. assemblage in the uppermost Eocene, Oligocene, and lower Miocene. The presence of the Osangularia sp. 1 - Hanzawaia ammophila assemblage is related to the shallowing episode on Broken Ridge (upper bathyal), as a result of the rifting event that occurred in the middle Eocene. The most distinct faunal change (the disappearance of about 37% of the species) occurred between the S. beccariiformis assemblage and the A. capitatusldanicus assemblage, at the end of the upper Paleocene. A. capitatusldanicus, Lenticulina spp., and varied forms of Cibicidoides replaced the Velasco-type fauna at this time. The timing of this event is well correlated with the known age at South Atlantic sites (Thomas, 1990 doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.113.123.1990; Kennett and Stott, 1990 doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.113.188.1990; Katz and Miller, 1990 doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.114.147.1991). The primary cause of the extinction of the Stensioina beccariiformis assemblage is elusive, but may have resulted from the cessation of deep-water formation in the Antarctic (Katz and Miller, 1990), and subsequent arrival of warm saline deep water (Thomas, 1990; Kennett and Stott, 1990). Another possibility may be a weakened influence of high-salinity water formed at the low latitudes such as the Tethys Sea. The extinction event corresponds to the change from higher delta13C values in benthic foraminifers to lower ones. An interpretation of delta13C values is that the eastern Indian deep water, characterized by young and nutrient-depleted water, became old water which was devoid of a supply of new water during the latest Paleocene to early Eocene. Prior to this benthic event, signals of related faunal change were detected in the following short periods: early and late Paleocene, near the boundary of nannofossil Zone CP4, and Zone CP5 of the late Paleocene at Site 752. Among common taxa in the upper Maestrichtian, only seven species disappeared or became extinct at the Cretaceous/ Tertiary boundary at Site 752. The benthic foraminiferal population did not change for up to 2 m above the boundary, in contrast to the rapid decrease of the plankt onic foraminiferal population at the boundary. A decrease in the number of benthic foraminifers occurs after that level, corresponding to an interval of decreased numbers of planktonic foraminifers and higher abundance of volcanic ash. Reduced species diversity (H') suggests a secondary effect attributable to the dissolution of foraminiferal tests. The different responses of planktonic and benthic foraminifers to the event just above the boundary suggest that the Cretaceous/Tertiary event was a surface event as also suggested by Thomas (1990). In addition, a positive shift of delta13C in benthic foraminifers after the event indicates nutrient-depleted bottom water at Site 752.

Fossil record of Mollusca from Neogene sediments in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Über die Verbreitung, Gliederung und Ausbildung des Jungtertiärs im westlichen Schleswig-Holstein war bisher nicht viel bekannt. Am besten bearbeitet sind die glazial gestauchten Schollen von Morsum/Sylt. Eine Aufzählung erbohrter Miozänvorkommen mit nicht immer überzeugender Begründung lieferte H.-L. HECK 1935. S. THIELE (1941) hat die ihm bekannten Vorkommen hauptsächlich nach faziellen und petrographischen Gesichtspunkten bearbeitet. Er erkannte richtig die Stellung der Braunkohlensande. Die angekündigte palaeontologische Bearbeitung ist nicht erschienen. Eine allgemeine Übersicht über die Entwicklung des Jungtertiärs bringen W. WOLFE und H.-L. HECK 1949. W. HINSCH lieferte wertvolle Beiträge zur Molluskenfauna und zur Gliederung des Miozäns (1952, 1955). Über neue Vorkommen von Braunkohlen-Sanden berichtete E. DITTMER(1 956), eine erste Übersicht über neue Vorkommen der Hemmoorer Stufe gab derselbe Verfasser 1957.

Miocene molluscan biostratigraphy in Schleswig-Holstein, north Germany

Vierlandian, Behrendorfian (Lower Hemmoorian), Oxlundian (Upper Hemmoorian), Lower and Upper Reinbekian, Langenfeldian and Gramian stages could be proved by evaluation of marine molluscan faunas. The diachrone base of 'Braunkohlensande' is demonstrated by underlying Vierlandian mica clay in the E, and by Hemmoorian substages more to the W, at last the fluviatile facies is replaced completely by euhaline to brachyhaline sandy to silty sediments. Brachyhaline effects in adjacent environments make possible an approximate dating on fluviatile sedimentation. The widest extension of 'Braunkohlensand' is during upper Oxlundian, whilst slightly brachyhaline Katzheide beds, defined in this paper to be of Lower Reinbekian age, indicate a limit of 'Braunkohlensande' more to the E. Winnert-fauna was found to be a mixture of Oxlundian and Langenfeldian; the overlying lignitic sands belong to the Kaolinsand group. Upper mica clay overlying Miocene Braunkohlensande can be divided into beds of Upper Reinbekian, Langenfeldian and Gramian ages.

Diatom biostratigraphy of the Kerguelen Plateau and Prydz Bay, Southern Ocean

Samples were examined for diatoms from 22 holes at 11 sites cored by ODP Leg 119 on the Kerguelen Plateau and in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. Diatoms were observed in Oligocene through Holocene sediments recovered from the Kerguelen Plateau. The diatom flora from the Kerguelen Plateau is characterized by species such as Azpeitia oligocenica, Rocella gelida, Rocella vigilans, and Synedra jouseana in the Oligocene and Crucidenticula nicobarica, Denticulopsis hustedtii, Nitzschia miocenica, and Thalassiosira miocenica in the Miocene. This somewhat cosmopolitan assemblage gives way to a Pliocene and Holocene assemblage characterized by species such as Nitzschia kerguelensis, Thalassiosira inura, and Thalassiosira torokina, which are endemic to the Southern Ocean region. Samples examined from Prydz Bay are generally devoid of diatoms. The exception is Site 739, where diatoms occur sporadically in lower Oligocene and upper Miocene through Quaternary sediments. The Leg 119 diatom biostratigraphic results allow the development of a stratigraphic framework for the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. This diatom zonation integrates diatom zonations developed previously for other sectors of the Southern Ocean. The zonation proposed here is based on biostratigraphic events of both geographically widespread and endemic species calibrated to the paleomagnetic stratigraphy. As such, this zonation has application throughout the Southern Ocean and allows correlation from the southern high latitudes to the low latitudes.

Nematode abundance in cold seep sediments of the Darwin mud volcano

During the JC-10 cruise (2007), we sampled the Darwin mud volcano (MV) for meiofaunal community and trophic structure in relation of pore-water geochemistry along a 10 m transect from a seep site on the rim of the crater towards the MV slope. Sediment samples were retrieved by the ROV Isis using push cores. On board and after the pore water extraction, the top 10 cm of the cores were sliced into 1 cm sections and fixed them in 4% formaldehyde for meiofaunal community analysis. In the home laboratory, the formaldehyde-fixed samples were washed over a 32 µm mesh sieve and extracted the meiofauna from the sediment by Ludox centrifugation (Heip et al. 1985). Meiofauna was then sorted, enumerated and identified at coarse taxonomic level. From each slice, ca. 100 nematodes were identified to genus level. Afterwards, abundance of Nematoda were depth integrated over the top 5 cm to gain individual abundances per 10 cm**2. Overall, total nematode biomass in the top 5 cm of the seep sediment core was ~10x higher than that in the core taken 1100 m away. Nematode genus composition varied little among cores and was mainly dominated by Sabatieria.