Effects of culture conditions on the production of inulinase by Kluyveromyces marxianus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of C/N Ratio and Physicochemical Conditions on the production of Rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa LBI

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Evaluation of different media for the production of cephalosporins by Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

INFLUENCE of GLYCEROL and ORNITHINE FEEDING on CLAVULANIC ACID PRODUCTION BY Streptomyces clavuligerus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Clavulanic acid production processes in a tower bioreactor with immobilised cells

The feasibility of using Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 bioparticles supported on alginate gel containing alumina to produce clavulanic acid (CA) was investigated. To this end, effectiveness factors for spherical bioparticles, relating respiration rates of immobilised and free cells, were experimentally determined for various dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and bioparticle radii. Monod kinetics was assumed as representative of the oxygen consuming reaction, while internal oxygen diffusion was considered the limiting step. A comparison was made of the results from a tower bioreactor operating under batch, repeated-batch and continuous conditions with immobilised bioparticles. The theoretical curve of the effectiveness factor for the zero-order reaction model, considering an inert nucleus - the dead core model - was very well fitted to the experimental data. The results of the bioprocess indicated that the batch operation was the most efficient and productive, requiring a do concentration in the reactor above 60% of the saturation value. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Production of fructooligosaccharides by the mycelia of Aspergillus japonicus immobilized in calcium alginate

This work describes fructose oligosaccharide (FOS) production by the immobilized mycelia (IM) of a strain of Aspergillus japonicus, isolated from soil. The microorganism was inoculated into 50 mi of medium composed of sugar cane molasses (5.0% of total sugars); yeast powder; 2.0%; K2HPO4, 0.5%; NaNO3, 0.2%; MgSO4. 7H(2)O, 0.05%; KCl, 0.05%, final pH 5.0, and the flasks were agitated in an orbital shaker at 200 rpm for 60 h, at 30 degrees C. The beta-fructofuranosidase activity (Uf), transfructosylating activity (Ut), hydrolyzing activity (Uh), and FOS production were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. FOS production was performed in a batch process in a 2-l jar fermenter by IM in calcium alginate beads. The optimum pH and temperature were 5.0-5.6 and 55 degrees C, respectively No loss of activity was observed when the mycelium was maintaned at 60 degrees C for 60 min. Maximum production was obtained using 5.75% (cellular weight/volume) of mycelia (122.4 Ut g(-1)) and 65% sucrose solution (w:v) for 4 h of reaction when the final product reached 61.28% of fetal FOS containing GF(2) (30.56%), GF(3) (26.45%), GF(4) (4.27%), sucrose (9.6%) and glucose (29.10%). In the assay conditions, 23 batches were performed without loss of activity of the IM, showing that the microorganism and the process utilized have potential for industrial applications. (C) 1998 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

CURRENT ASPECTS OF FUEL ETHANOL-PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL

Brazil has become a great producer of bioethanol using sugarcane as the basic raw material. Fed-batch process and continuous process are used. Biogas generation from vinasse, production of dry yeast, and autolyzed bagasse for animal feed are making the ethanol production less polluting and more profitable. Bagasse surplus has also been converted into electrical energy. Another alternative use for bioethanol is its conversion to petrochemical derivatives. Up to the present, however, this conversion has been carried out on only a small scale by the industry.

Rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI growing on soapstock as the sole carbon source

A new bacterial strain, was isolated from petroleum contaminated soil, identified and named Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain LBI. The new strain produced surface-active rhamnolipids by batch cultivation in a mineral salts medium with soapstock as the sole carbon source. Biosurfactant production increased after nitrogen depletion. The maximum rhamnolipid concentration, 15.9 g/l, was reached when it was incubated in a bioreactor with a constant K(L)a of 169.9 h(-1). (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

L(+) Lactic acid production by new Lactobacillus rhamnosus B 103

L(+) Lactic acid fermentation was studied by Lactobacillus rhamnosus sp. under the effects of pH control and a lowcost nutritional medium (sugarcane juice and corn steep liquor-CSL). Central composite design (CCD) was employed to determine maximum lactic acid production at optimum values for process variables and a satisfactory fit model was realized. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the linear and quadratic terms of two variables (sugarcane juice and pH) had significant effects. The interactions between the three variables were found to contribute to the response at a significant level. A second-order polynomial regression model estimated that the maximum lactic acid production of 86.36 g/L was obtained when the optimum values of sucrose, CSL and pH were 112.65 g/L, 29.88 g/L and 6.2, respectively. Verification of the optimization showed that L(+) lactic acid production was of 85.06 g/L. Under these conditions, Y P/S and Q P values of 0.85 g/g and 1.77 g/Lh, respectively, were obtained after 48 h fermentation, with a maximal productivity of 2.2 g/L h at 30 h of process. © 2010 de Lima CJB, et al.

Evaluation of the microbial diversity of denitrifying bacteria in batch reactor

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Production and application of amylases of Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus from industrial waste in acquisition of glucose

Amylases from Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus were obtained using agro-industrial wastes as substrates in submerged batch cultures. The enzymatic complex was partially characterised for use in the production of glucose syrup. Type II wheat flour proved better than cassava bagasse as sole carbon source for amylase production. The optimum fermentation condition for both microorganisms was 96 hours at 30°C and the amylase thus produced was used for starch hydrolysis. The product of the enzymatic hydrolysis indicated that the enzyme obtained was glucoamylase, only glucose as final product was attained for both microorganisms. R. oligosporus was of greater interest than R. oryzae for amylase production, taking into account enzyme activity, cultivation time, thermal stability and pH range. Glucose syrup was produced using concentrated enzyme and 100 g L-1 starch in a 4 hours reaction at 50°C. The bioprocess studied can contribute to fungus glucoamylase production and application. © 2013 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences.

Continuous production of xylooligosaccharides in a packed bed reactor with immobilized-stabilized biocatalysts of xylanase from Aspergillus versicolor

The production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) using a packed-bed enzymatic reactor was studied at lab-scale. For this, a xylanase from Aspergillus versicolor was immobilized on different supports. The optimal derivative was xylanase immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose supports. This derivative preserved 85% of its catalytic activity; it was around 700-fold more stable than the soluble enzyme after incubation at 60. °C and was able to be reused for at least 10 1. h-cycles retaining full catalytic activity. About 18% of oligosaccharides with prebiotic interest (X2-X6) were produced by the glyoxyl derivative in batch hydrolysis. The production of xylobiose was 2.5-fold higher using the immobilized preparation than with soluble enzyme and small concentrations of xylose (<0.1%) were observed only at the end of the reaction. The derivative was employed on a packed bed reactor, and the continuous operation with no recirculation reached 56% and 70% of the end of reaction with flow rates of 60. mL/h and 12. mL/h, respectively. In continuous operation with recirculation at a flow rate of 60. mL/h, the reaction was completed after four hours. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Performance of UASB reactors in two stages followed by post-treatment with activated sludge in wastewater batch of wet-processed coffee

In this study it was evaluated the efficiency of the treatment of wet-processed coffee wastewater in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors in two stages, in bench scale, followed by post-treatment with activated sludge in batch. The first UASB reactor was submitted to an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6.2 d and organic loading rates (OLR) of 2.3 and 4.5g CODtotal (L d)-1, and the second UASB reactor to HRT of 3.1 d with OLR of 0.4 and 1.4g CODtotal (L d)-1. The average values of the affluent CODtotal increased from 13,891 to 27,926mg L-1 and the average efficiencies of removal of the CODtotal decreased from 95 to 91%, respectively, in the UASB reactors in two stages. The volumetric methane production increased from 0.274 to 0.323L CH4 (L reactor d)-1 with increment in the OLR. The average concentrations of total phenols in the affluent were of 48 and 163mg L-1, and the removal efficiencies in the UASB reactors in two stages of 92 and 90%, respectively, and increased to 97% with post-treatment. The average values of the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and phosphorus were of 57 to 80% and 44 to 60%, respectively, in the UASB reactors in two stages and increased to 91 and 84% with the post-treatment.

Potentials of biogas production from young bulls manure fed with different diets

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Multi-scale structural and chemical analysis of sugarcane bagasse in the process of sequential acid-base pretreatment and ethanol production by Scheffersomyces shehatae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)