Doenças sem doentes: Ocorrência de Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho DORT nos operadores de caixa de um banco

The changes incurred in the financial system with the introduction of new technologies and new forms of administration of banks has caused impact on the health of workers. These changes, which passed in the process of work, generate a combined share of the risk factors that result in numerous injuries and illnesses among banks, notably between the operators of banks tellers. The Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disordes - WRMD represent a group of occupational diseases always present among these workers. Because of its high incidence and the amount of financial resour envolved to manage the problem has been the object of constant study. This paper aims to analyze the bank teller activity; search the occurrence of WRMD in the activity, identifying the factors determining the occurrence of WRMD in the activity and determine the real number of touchs on a keyboard made by the operator and propose solutions that influence the reduction of illness in the workplace of the bank teller. Methodological tools of ergonomics are used to provide a broad knowledge of aspects of work that have been studied and influential in the generation of occupational diseases studied. It was found that activity put workers to serious risk of occupational diseases. As the main contributory factors and determinants for this illness: the requirements and control the numbers daily endorsements; evaluation system based on performance targets for productivity; management system at time of service to customers; work with stressful factors (broken box); excess of time worked; furniture of workstations with ergonomic inadequacies and policy for the prevention of occupational diseases inefficient. They have also noted cases of illness for DORT workers without fulfilling the legal requirement of the issuance of the communication of labour accident and without the removal of the employee of the workplace

Análise da atividade de trabalho profissional de gerentes de hotel à luz da abordagem da ergonomia

This Masters degree dissertation presents a research that aims at analyzing the activities regarding within a hotel managers work in Natal/RN - Brazil, This Masters degree dissertation presents the research that aims at analyzing the activities regarding the hotel managers work in Natal / RN - Brazil, performing diagnosis of their activities and relating the aspects that impact the quality and productivity of hotel services and managers occupational health. This research is characterized as a case study with a qualitative approach, taking the method of Ergonomic Work Analysis which is the analysis of the managers work activity as a reference to the focus; and combining the use of observational and interactional methods. Ergonomics and macroergonomics are used in this study not only to understand the physical, cognitive and organizational constraints of the manager s duties, but also to characterize the work organizational architecture and design of that hotel. High workload, accumulation of tasks and diversion of functions performed by managers were noticed, increasing thereby the physical and psychological suffering for them. It was found that the activity of managers is characterized by the ambivalence of power, limited autonomy, cooperation, interdependence between managers and the fear of incompetence. It was also noticed that managers devote more time to the day job (37%), another time to sleep (30%), while only 33% of the rest of the day are meant for activities like taking care of health, family, social life and study. Although there are few studies addressing the health and safety of hotel managers, this research revealed that 84% of the surveyed hotel managers complain of musculoskeletal pain which 50% are obese and are 100% sedentary. It was also observed that managers adopt unsuitable postures for carrying out the work activities that contribute to becoming injured or work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the near future. Ergonomic measures were recommended as an investment in the skills and the training of managers, encouraging cooperative work, appropriateness of workload, limiting overtime, preserving the enjoyment of breaks during work and weekly holidays, changing the layout of the work sector , usage of communication technology to prevent displacement, compensatory physical activities, furniture adaptation, among others

Study of postures in sugarcane cutters in the Pontal of Paranapanema-SP, Brazil

The expansion of sugarcane monoculture in Brazil in the last decades has pointed out to the necessity of considering the question of sugarcane cutters occupational health. In this work we present a cross-sectional study aiming to examine the occupational posture of a group of sugarcane cutters, which work in a cane field located in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema-SP, Brazil. The study was made using the Ergonomic Analysis of Work - EAW methodology and the postural analysis method by Win-OWAS. Through the obtained records of postures, it was observed that during a workday the sugarcane cutters remain standing erect on two legs or in one leg 66% of the time and that their trunk remain tilted and in rotation, according to 63% of the positions categorized. It was also observed that the sugarcane cutter trunk performs repetitive and boundless movements during his routine of work, which can expose this individual to additional wear of their musculoskeletal functions. The activities in which the individual engages have favorable or adverse influence on his posture. The repetitive movements involved in specialized occupations are equivalent to repeated exercises, thus may be responsible for the excessive development of certain muscle groups. The study suggests that the postures adopted by sugarcane cutters can overload their musculoskeletal system and predispose the cutters to work-related musculoskeletal diseases.

Saúde do trabalhador: entre os dispositivos legais e as práticas efetivas

The health worker is seized in this research beyond the mere applicability of legal devices concerning the legislation of Labor, in order to be established correlations with activities alluding to the public power in the ambit of State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). This dissertation is an cutting of analysis circumscribed in the research, "Accidents at work: law, citizenship and justice," of the Grupo de Estudos Seguridade Social e Trabalho (GESTO) of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The overall goal turned to apprehend and relate contradictory elements inherent compliance of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in the supermarket which showed the highest occurrence of legal violations recognized by the Labor Justice of RN in the period between 2006 and 2008 . The specific objectives turned to identify, from the condemnatory sentences, violations inherent in the protective direction of the OH & S legislation; analyze the relationship of health damages to workers at the supposed recognition of rights claimed in condemnatory sentences and correlate violations inherent in the legislation OSH impacts on the health of workers, from data contained in expert reports. The justification for perform the research backed up, among other factors, in the fact that class of activity has been presented as the most recurrent in condemnatory sentences, since it chose to focus the analysis on documentary evidence from the supermarket which showed greater expression in relation to violations of the OSH legislation. From a qualitative perspective, the methodological approach was based on content analysis of thirteen condemnatory sentences, handed down by the potiguar labor justice, and three expert reports from a large supermarket in the city of Natal/RN. Aftermaths are evidenced relating to the cyclical processes of reorganization of capital, demanding requirements for labor organizations whose strategies for survival include identifying mechanisms to extract as much of the work force. Structural determination and ideological context that puts into question the historical achievements of workers, for example the legal devices aimed at preventing workplace accidents, expressed in this research as relativized, showing limitations of reach, as was inferred the indemnities, by material and moral damages, arising from Work-Related Musculoskeletal Diseases (MSDs'S), recognized by the laborite judiciary

Queixas osteomusculares relacionadas ao trabalho relatadas por mulheres de centro de ressocialização

Considerando as queixas de origem laboral um problema de saúde pública, objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, analisar a freqüência da população que refere queixas osteomusculares e a associação de ocorrência e severidade destas às variáveis antropométricas e de trabalho. Tomou-se 146 mulheres de um centro de ressocialização feminino, que responderam a um questionário validado contendo informações sobre dados antropométricos e queixas osteomusculares relacionadas ao trabalho. O estudo da associação entre e dentro das variáveis foi feito pelo teste de Goodman. Observou-se elevada freqüência de ocorrência de queixas após início de atividade laboral (94,19%). As participantes com necessidade de afastamento apresentaram maiores valores em idade e peso. Queixa acentuada foi mais referida na coluna do tronco. Afastamento foi mais referido para as que trabalhavam há mais tempo. Concluiu-se que é alta a freqüência de queixas relacionadas ao trabalho e que há associação entre maiores valores de peso e de estatura e nível de severidade acentuado; maiores valores de idade e de peso e necessidade de afastamento; níveis acentuados de queixas e região da coluna e entre maior tempo de serviço e necessidade de afastamento.

Avaliação postural computadorizada de colaboradores no ambiente de trabalho

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Ergonomia odontológica: fator indutor de saúde e educação para acadêmicos de odontologia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mundo contemporâneo e adoecimento: considerações sobre as LER/DORT

With the advent of the industrial revolution, the sickening resulted from labor and work raised significantly, and Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD) emerged as one of the main aggravation to the worker’s health. The present article has as its objectives, through a bibliographical revision about this theme, to sketch the contemporary world of work and labor, bringing to surface the principle aspects that constitute and hide the reality of its labor context in which the workers are inserted and then, to do an analysis about the importance of the psychosocial factors in the genesis of the WRMD symptoms.

Significados do corpo no trabalho em indivíduos com diagnóstico de ler

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Analysis of kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic patterns during root canal preparation with rotary and manual instruments

Objective: This study assessed the muscular activity during root canal preparation through kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography (EMG). Material and Methods: The operators prepared one canal with RaCe rotary instruments and another with Flexofiles. The kinematics of the major joints was reconstructed using an optoelectronic system and electromyographic responses of the flexor carpi radial's, extensor carpi radialis, brachioradialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, middle deltoid, and upper trapezius were recorded. The joint torques of the shoulder, elbow and wrist were calculated using inverse dynamics. In the kinematic analysis, angular movements of the wrist and elbow were classified as low risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. With respect to the shoulder, the classification was medium-risk. Results: There was no significant difference revealed by the kinetic reports. The EMG results showed that for the middle deltoid and upper trapezius the rotary instrumentation elicited higher values. The flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis, as well as the brachioradialis showed a higher value with the manual method. Conclusion: The muscular recruitment for accomplishment of articular movements for root canal preparation with either the rotary or manual techniques is distinct. Nevertheless, the rotary instrument presented less difficulty in the generation of the joint torque in each articulation, thus, presenting a greater uniformity of joint torques.

Study of postures in sugarcane cutters in the Pontal of Paranapanema-SP, Brazil

The expansion of sugarcane monoculture in Brazil in the last decades has pointed out to the necessity of considering the question of sugarcane cutters occupational health. In this work we present a cross-sectional study aiming to examine the occupational posture of a group of sugarcane cutters, which work in a cane field located in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema-SP, Brazil. The study was made using the Ergonomic Analysis of Work - EAW methodology and the postural analysis method by Win-OWAS. Through the obtained records of postures, it was observed that during a workday the sugarcane cutters remain standing erect on two legs or in one leg 66% of the time and that their trunk remain tilted and in rotation, according to 63% of the positions categorized. It was also observed that the sugarcane cutter trunk performs repetitive and boundless movements during his routine of work, which can expose this individual to additional wear of their musculoskeletal functions. The activities in which the individual engages have favorable or adverse influence on his posture. The repetitive movements involved in specialized occupations are equivalent to repeated exercises, thus may be responsible for the excessive development of certain muscle groups. The study suggests that the postures adopted by sugarcane cutters can overload their musculoskeletal system and predispose the cutters to work-related musculoskeletal diseases.

Distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho em profissionais de enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as evidências sobre o adoecimento de trabalhadores de enfermagem pelos Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT). MÉTODOS: Revisão integrativa da literatura utilizando as bases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), BVS Enfermagem, Scopus e Banco de Teses da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) obtendo-se 17 estudos. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se que os DORT acometem os profissionais de enfermagem e relacionam-se às condições inadequadas dos ambientes de trabalho, à organização e estrutura do trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: É necessário investir em programas preventivos, capacitações, educação em saúde, estratégias de intervenção e organização dos serviços existentes.

Qualidade de vida no trabalho e distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho entre profissionais de enfermagem

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) com os distúrbios osteomusculares (DORT) entre profissionais de enfermagem que trabalham em bloco cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritivo, transversal e correlacional, do qual participaram 211 trabalhadores de Enfermagem de 11 hospitais de Londrina-PR, Brasil. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizados três instrumentos: caracterização sociodemográfica e profissional, Escala Visual Analógica e o Questionário Nórdico. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos participantes era de auxiliares de enfermagem (62,6%), do sexo feminino (87,1%), casados (54,5%), com idade média de 40 anos. Dentre os participantes, 38,9% apresentavam queixas osteomusculares na região inferior das costas e 37,9%, na região dos ombros. Neste estudo, a QVT obteve associação estatisticamente significante com os distúrbios osteomusculares na região lombar e dos ombros nos últimos 12 meses (p=0,00). CONCLUSÃO: A ausência de lombalgia contribuiu significativamente para elevar a medida de QVT (p=0,010), embora o modelo final de regressão tenha explicado, apenas 22,6% da variância da medida de QVT.

Análise das LER/DORT notificadas no Rio Grande do Norte de 2010 a 2014

The increasing prevalence of Repetitive Strain Injury / Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (RSI / MSDs) has been explained by changes in the work that has been characterized by setting goals and productivity. This fact does not take into account the psycho-physiological characteristics of workers who become ill as a result of professional activities engaged in and also the adverse conditions in which his work was done. This study aimed to analyze the RSI / MSDs reported in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2010-2014 compared to the profile of the population, epidemiological aspects and features of these diseases. It is a descriptive epidemiological cross-sectional study using secondary data obtained in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) in May 2015 was used as the area covered by the Rio Grande do Norte. Data were collected regarding the grievances of work-related RSI / MSDs, assigned by the Worker's Health Reference Center (CEREST) of the State Health Department. Data were processed with the help of Microsoft Excel® 2013 and presented in tables in absolute frequency (n) and relative frequency (%). The results showed a total of 403 notifications of RSI / MSDs, where the vast majority 72% (290) was recorded in Natal. Regarding the profile of notified employees, 88.59% (357) have aged between 25 and 54 years, 62.78% (253) were female, and in relation to education, 31.51% (127) had high school complete. The most affected occupations were seamstresses (the clothing industry) with 24.97% (97), followed by masons, construction with 3.23% (13) and cashiers with 2.99% (12). About the work situation, 75.93% (306) had a formal contract, however, were sent to Communications Occupational accidents (CAT) only 67% (270) of the cases. Regarding the signs and symptoms, pain and limitation of movement were the most mentioned respectively with 98.01% (395) and 95.04% (383) of notifications. Notifications, 94.29% (380) showed exposure to repetitive movements in their workplace. The most frequent specific diagnoses were synovitis and tenosynovitis (CID F 65), with 30.02% (121) of notifications, followed by back pain (CID F 54) to 19.35% (78) and shoulder injuries (ICD M 75) with 15.88% (64). They were away from work 81.64% (329) of workers reported with RSI / MSDs. Evolution more prevalent among cases was temporary disability with 75.68% (305). It was concluded that the SINAN is a database of potential to characterize the profile of RSI / MSDs, requiring, however, an improvement in the coverage of records and data quality. In addition, this study reflects the need to implement protection strategies to workers by companies, signaling promotion, prevention and rehabilitation aimed at reducing these injuries and the improvement of occupational health indicators in Rio Grande do Norte.

Desordens músculo-esqueléticas relacionadas com o exercício da Medicina Dentária

Os profissionais de Saúde Oral, nomeadamente os Médicos Dentistas, têm vindo a enfrentar variados riscos decorrentes da sua atividade profissional. Apesar de haver um esforço constante no sentido de melhorar os equipamentos e materiais dentários, através dos avanços tecnológicos, estes não conseguiram, ainda, colmatar significativamente os problemas Músculo-Esqueléticos dos Médicos Dentistas. Este tipo de problemas surge enquanto estudantes, durante a prática clínica, muitas vezes devido às condições de trabalho, à inexperiência inerente, mas, principalmente, devido às postura e aos hábitos de trabalho errados que adquirem e que, consequentemente, persistem ao longo da sua vida profissional. A presente dissertação, aliada a uma vasta literatura relacionada, pretende alertar os profissionais de Saúde Oral, com foco nos Médicos Dentistas, para as patologias decorrentes das posturas erradas no exercício da Medicina Dentária, denominadas de Desordens Músculo-Esqueléticas relacionadas com o Trabalho, identificando-as, assim como aos fatores de risco que influenciam o seu aparecimento. A elaboração desta dissertação, pretende, ainda, propor exercícios de Ginástica Laboral a realizar entre consultas, como estratégia de prevenção para o surgimento de Lesões MúsculoEsqueléticas Relacionadas com o Trabalho nos Médicos Dentistas e alertar para a importância da Ergonomia na conceção de um Consultório Dentário. Para a presente revisão bibliográfica, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica com recurso a livros e artigos publicados em revistas, e que foram consultados nas Bibliotecas da Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto e da Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Procedeu-se à pesquisa por recurso aos motores de busca na internet, tais como, PubMed, Scielo, B-On e Medline, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave, em conjunto ou individualmente: “Lesões por esforços repetitivos”; “Lesões Músculo-Esqueléticas”; “Ergonomia”; “Prevenção”; “Fatores de Risco”; “Ginástica Laboral”; “Work related musculoskeletal disorders”; “Dentistry”; “Ergonomics”; “Pain”; “Prevention”; “Risk factors”. Foram selecionados artigos entre 1987 e 2015, com relevância para o presente trabalho de dissertação de Mestrado, escritos em Português e Inglês. Desta forma, a pesquisa bibliográfica permitiu verificar a prevalência de Lesões Músculo-Esqueléticas Relacionadas com o Trabalho, no âmbito da Medicina Dentária, assim como os fatores de risco associados ao seu aparecimento. Foram ainda tecidas algumas recomendações de forma a contribuir para o bem-estar dos Médicos Dentistas, elucidando-os para a necessidade de adotar posturas corretas e usando a Ergonomia como base para a organização e conceção de um Consultório Dentário. Recorreu-se, ainda, à ilustração de um programa de Ginástica Laboral, através de dois cartazes elucidativos, com o objetivo de prevenir, corrigir e compensar este tipo de patologias do Médico Dentista, desde a sua prática clínica. Após a elaboração desta dissertação, acredita-se ser de extrema importância a aplicação de diretrizes ergonómicas na conceção de um Consultório Dentário, na organização de tarefas, no procedimento clínico, na adoção de posturas, no posto de trabalho, na localização do equipamento e na escolha dos instrumentos. Este método, para além de minimizar o risco do aparecimento de doenças profissionais, também simplifica tarefas, proporciona a correta comunicação entre o Médico Dentista e o assistente e melhora a qualidade e produtividade laboral, através da redução da fadiga física e mental e do aumento da confiança e bem-estar dos Médicos Dentistas.