Os saberes da experiência discente: um estudo de caso na educação física

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Impedimentos e proposições para ação no ensino superior no caminho de Habermas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um retrato de uma licenciatura em matemática a distância sob a ótica de seus alunos iniciantes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Leitura e imagens no Ensaio sobre a Cegueira

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Percepção do cirurgião-dentista sobre formação profissional e dificuldades de inserção no mercado de trabalho

Introduction: The evaluation of the perception of graduates is an essential strategy to support the political project educational in universities. Objective: This study aimed to verify the perception of dentists which are working in the labor market, about the difficulties of professional insertion after the graduation, positives and negatives aspects and suggestions regarding the training received. Methodology: This is a qualitative survey conducted with graduates of the years 2000 to 2010, of dentistry course from a Brazilian Public University. A self-administered questionnaire was sent by mail/email to all graduates in the period. The data were transcribed and subjected to content analysis, divided into pre-analysis, characterized by carefully reading floating, material exploration, guidelines for finding the analysis itself. Result: The categories related to the difficulties in early life were: getting a job/workplace, adequate working conditions and low pay, insecurity and confrontation obtained the academic and lack of administrative experience. The perceived positive aspects for the training were: good infrastructure and reputation of the university, integrating teaching-research, teacher-student relationship. The negative aspects comprised the following categories: administrative preparation, lack of integration between content theoretical/ practical, concepts used in the labor market. The suggestions presented are consistent with the difficulties to the beginning of professional life and the negative aspects. Conclusion: The professionals have faced the saturation of the labor market and different reality from those found in academic life. Despite the positive aspects, graduates suggest changes in the course conducted.

Psychology and psychoanalysis in Brazil - From cultural syncretism to the collapse of liberal individualism

This paper focuses first on cultural syncretism, used to characterize Brazilian culture. The other aspect of this socially and racially blended culture is the unfinished assimilation of liberalism in politics and the economy, which defines Brazilian society. The increased assimilation and dissemination of psychology may be linked with these in cultural and social aspects. During the military period (1964-1974) the major expansion in university-level studies in psychology contributed ideologically to the dissemination of psychology throughout Brazilian society. This introduced a type of psychology that was related primarily to clinical practice and developed in opposition to social work practice. This paper examines the ideological bases for this conflict between clinical and social work. Criteria for understanding the cultural dissemination of psychoanalysis are then discussed, and it is argued that cultural incorporation of psychoanalysis involves the development of discourse complexes to reflect particular aspects of Brazilian society. The criteria (a non-totalitarian society and the displacement of a magical and religious interpretation of mental disturbance by psychiatric interpretation) are evaluated in relation to the peculiarities of Brazilian syncretism. The paper argues that cultural syncretism and the incomplete assimilation of liberal ideology must be included as criteria in understanding the particular cultural incorporation of psychoanalysis in Brazil.

Hematological alterations during experimental canine infection by Trypanosoma cruzi

To confirm that Beagle dogs are a good experimental model for Chagas disease, we evaluated hematological alterations during the acute and chronic phases in Beagle dogs infected with the Y, Berenice-78 (Be-78) and ABC strains of Trypanosoma cruzi, correlating clinical signs with the parasitemia curve. We demonstrate that the acute phase of infection was marked by lethargy and loss of appetite. Simultaneously, we observed anemia, leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Also,we describe hematological alterations and clinical signs that were positively correlated with the parasitemia during the experimental infection with the three strains of T cruzi, and demonstrate that experimental infection of Beagle is a trustworthy model for Chagas disease.

Cessation of physical exercise changes metabolism and modifies the adipocyte cellularity of the periepididymal white adipose tissue in rats

All of the adaptations acquired through physical training are reversible with inactivity. Although significant reductions in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) can be observed within 2 to 4 wk of detraining, the consequences of detraining on the physiology of adipose tissue are poorly known. Our aim was therefore to investigate the effects of discontinuing training (physical detraining) on the metabolism and adipocyte cellularity of rat periepididymal (PE) adipose tissue. Male Wistar rats, aged 6 wk, were divided into three groups and studied for 12 wk under the following conditions: 1) trained (T) throughout the period; 2) detrained (D), trained during the first 8 wk and detrained during the remaining 4 wk; and 3) age-matched sedentary (S). Training consisted of treadmill running sessions (1 h/day, 5 days/wk, 50–60%VO2max). The PE adipocyte size analysis revealed significant differences between the groups. The adipocyte cross-sectional area (in µm2) was significantly larger in D than in the T and S groups (3,474 ± 68.8; 1,945.7 ± 45.6; 2,492.4 ± 49.08, respectively, P < 0.05). Compared with T, the isolated adipose cells (of the D rats) showed a 48% increase in the ability to perform lipogenesis (both basal and maximally insulin-stimulated) and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis. No changes were observed with respect to unstimulated lipolysis. A 15% reduction in the proportion of apoptotic adipocytes was observed in groups T and D compared with group S. The gene expression levels of adiponectin and PPAR-gamma were upregulated by factors of 3 and 2 in D vs. S, respectively. PREF-1 gene expression was 3-fold higher in T vs. S. From these results, we hypothesize that adipogenesis was stimulated in group D and accompanied by significant adipocyte hypertrophy and an increase in the lipogenic capacity of the adipocytes. The occurrence of apoptotic nuclei in PE fat cells was reduced in the D and T rats; these results raise the possibility that the adipose tissue changes after detraining are obesogenic.

Overlapping of ESP/EAP and content courses revisited

[ES] This paper deals with some key issues in a controversial topic, that of the existing overlapping between ESP/EAP courses and simultaneously-run content courses. Some examples are provided and analyzed to be aware of the need of ESP/EAP practitioners to have a fairly deep knowledge of those technical matters they have to deal with in order to be as genuinely communicative as possible. Later on, a list of principles for designing successful ESP/EAP courses is presented and justified. After putting into practice a communicative approach founded on those principles for a period of five years, the opinion of those students who have taken two ESP/EAP courses was gathered –an ad hoc questionnaire was developed for the purpose–. data are analyzed to hypothesize the long-run correlation between applying the above mentioned principles and the positive opinion of students on their teachers when those principles are applied at university level.

Relación entre actitudes hacia la actividad física y el deporte y rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios españoles y portugueses

[ES] El presente estudio trata de analizar la existencia de relaciones entre las actitudes hacia la actividad físico-deportiva y el rendimiento académico universitario desde una perspectiva transcultural. Este estudio se ha basado en dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios españoles y portugueses matriculados en estudios de Turismo.

Frecuencia de los formantes de las vocales medias en sílaba final de palabra con elisión de -/s/: un estudio con materiales de la norma culta de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

[ES]El propósito de este artículo es comprobar si la supresión de -/s/ final de palabra condiciona la articulación de las vocales medias pronunciadas por hablantes con estudios universitarios de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Para ello, no solo se calculan las frecuencias de los formantes de /e/ y /o/ y se establecen sus campos de dispersión, sino que, además, se examina si la información gramatical de la consonante elidida o los factores sexo y edad pueden influir en la altura frecuencial de los formantes.

A Laboratory Experiment Using Nanoindentation to Demonstrate the Indentation Size Effect

A laboratory experiment using nanoindentation to demonstrate the indentation size effect is described. This laboratory introduces students to sophisticated instrumentation at low cost and low risk and utilizes recent research in the materials community as its foundation. The motivation, learning objectives, experimental details, data, and data analysis are presented. This experiment is intended for use in an upper-division materials science elective at the university level and has been successfully used in laboratory courses for senior undergraduates and first-year graduate students at Stanford University and Santa Clara University.

Evaluation of respiratory parameters at presentation as clinical indicators of the respiratory localization in dogs and cats with respiratory distress

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical respiratory parameters in cats and dogs with respiratory distress and identify associations between respiratory signs at presentation and localization of the disease with particular evaluation between the synchrony of abdominal and chest wall movements as a clinical indicators for pleural space disease. Design - Prospective observational clinical study. SETTING: Emergency service in a university veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Cats and dogs with respiratory distress presented to the emergency service between April 2008 and July 2009. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The following parameters were systematically determined at time of admission: respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature, type of breathing, movement of the thoracic and abdominal wall during inspiration, presence of stridor, presence and type of dyspnea, and results of thoracic auscultation. Abdominal and chest wall movement was categorized as synchronous, asynchronous, or inverse. Diagnostic test results, diagnosis, and outcome were subsequently recorded. Based on the final diagnoses, animals were assigned to 1 or more of the following groups regarding the anatomical localization of the respiratory distress: upper airways, lower airways, lung parenchyma, pleural space, thoracic wall, nonrespiratory causes, and normal animals. One hundred and seventy-six animals (103 cats and 73 dogs) were evaluated. Inspiratory dyspnea was associated with upper airway disease in dogs and expiratory dyspnea with lower airway disease in cats. Respiratory noises were significantly associated and highly sensitive and specific for upper airway disease. An asynchronous or inverse breathing pattern and decreased lung auscultation results were significantly associated with pleural space disease in both dogs and cats (P<0.001). The combination is highly sensitive (99%) but not very specific (45%). Fast and shallow breathing was not associated with pleural space disease. Increased or moist pulmonary auscultation findings were associated with parenchymal lung disease. CONCLUSIONS: Cats and dogs with pleural space disease can be identified by an asynchronous or inverse breathing pattern in combination with decreased lung sounds on auscultation.

La comprensión literal e inferencial de textos escritos en inglés

Los cuestionarios de comprensión lectora sobre un texto escrito en inglés se diseñan, por lo general, en base a preguntas literales, aquellas que apuntan a desarrollar las capacidades mnemómicas de los alumnos. La comprensión inferencial es poco practicada en los cursos de lecto-comprensión a nivel universitario. Este trabajo examina contrastativamente las estrategias lectoras de comprensión Iiteral e inferencial empleadas por los alumnos que cursaron Inglés I en la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Socides, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo) en el año 2004. El cuestionario de comprensión lectora incluye dos preguntas literales y dos inferenciales sobre un texto argumentativo escrito en inglés. Se analizaron 58 respuestas a preguntas literales e inferenciales (116 en total) usando una adaptación de la taxonomía propuesta por Parodi et al. (1997). Los resulrados indicaron que, si bien los alumnos mostraron algunas dificultades para responder preguntas literales, más limitaciones se observaron en cuanto a las capacidades estratégicas de los alumnos de comprensión inferencial. Se concluye que un entrenamiento sistemático de estrategias de comprensión literal y,en especial, inferencial es necesario para promover el desarrollo de capacidades cognitivas de mayor jerarquía y exigencia.

La educación, base para el desarrollo y la seguridad a escala humana

Las teorías sobre el desarrollo son en realidad un dinámico debate acerca de la relación población/recursos, de las condiciones de inequidad a escala planetaria y al interior de las naciones, y de las formas de superarlas. Para avanzar hacia el desarrollo humano, es prioritario enfocar las acciones en la superación de las carencias que afectan la situación personal de los ciudadanos y eliminar los obstáculos que impiden su bienestar en relación con las condiciones medioambientales en las que transcurre su vida. La educación es comprendida como el eje fundamental para alcanzar niveles de desarrollo aceptables, asegurando superar situaciones de exclusión social. Sobre la base de encuestas en cuatro establecimientos educativos del Gran Mendoza, se analizan las relaciones existentes entre las representaciones, de los adolescentes y sus familias sobre la importancia de la educación como medio optimizador de las situaciones socioeconómicas y los proyectos de capacitación futura, tanto a nivel terciario como universitario.