Homo Risibilis: ensaio sobre o processo de construção do humor nas obras infantis de Monteiro Lobato

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Regimes Militares e a Segurança Nacional no Cone Sul

The implantation of military regimes in South America, from the mid-1960s, happened in the context of the Cold War. As a result, both the occurrence of military coups and the plans and actions for the national defense of the Southern Cone States occurred following the logic of that period and the concept of hemispheric defense preached by the United States, with priority in combating the so-called internal subversion. Thus, the need to combat the “internal enemy” has led these countries to participate in hemispheric mechanisms or create his own arrangements for coordination. The article starts from the conflict hypothesis used by the military governments in their military planning to analyze the actions carried out against leftist movements, including coordination between the governments of the Southern Cone. The understanding of the defense concepts against Soviet communism allows us to understand that the groups placed against the military governments were seen as a danger to the State and, in that “state of war”, the means justified the ends.

Livros da subversão: imprensa comunista e a coleção História Nova do Brasil

The colection História Nova do Brasil, produced and published in the early 1960s by a group of intellectuals of the Instituto Superior de Estudos Brasileiros (ISEB), has become a field of discussion and debate among military and the left after 1964. Accused of promoting communist subversion, the collection had a new methodology to analyze the history of Brazil, with marxist approach. For this and other reasons, copies were seized by military agencies and the authors were indicted in military investigations, accused of violating the National Security Law.

Vivencias de sujetos en procesos transexualizadores y sus relaciones con el espacio urbano de Santiago de Chile

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Conversa de senhoras: a performance do feminino em Ana Cristina Cesar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A representação do salazarismo em Afirma Pereira, de Antonio Tabucchi

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Expression of nonclassical molecule human leukocyte antigen-G in oral lesions

Introduction: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a nonclassic class I molecule that acts as a modulator of immune responses, and the expression of these molecules in virus-infected cells has been associated with subversion of the immune response. Objective: In this study, we performed a cross-sectional study, systematically comparing the expression of the HLA-G in benign, premalignant, and malignant oral lesions and correlating it with the presence of high-risk and low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Specimens and Methods: Oral biopsies were collected from 51 patients and analyzed by immunohistochemistry using anti HLA-G antibody. Human papillomavirus detection and typing from oral biopsies were obtained by polymerase chain reaction using GP5+/GP6+ and specific primers. Results: The 51 biopsies were stratified into 3 groups according to lesion grade: oral benign lesions (oral hyperplasia and papilloma, n = 16), oral premalignant lesions (oral leukoplakia with dysplasia and lichen planus, n = 17), and malignant lesions (oral squamous cell carcinoma, n = 18). Human leukocyte antigen G overexpression was mainly observed in benign and premalignant oral lesions but was not related to HPV infection (P>.05). On the other hand, HPV DNA was detected in 24 (47%) oral lesions, mainly in benign and premalignant lesions, with the most frequent type detected being high-risk HPV type. Conclusion: The HLA-G molecule was expressed in a significant number of benign oral lesions and was not correlated with HPV infection or oral cancer. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Percorsi di gender performance: fotografia tra arte e moda dagli anni Novanta ad oggi

My project explores and compares different forms of gender performance in contemporary art and visual culture according to a perspective centered on photography. Thanks to its attesting power this medium can work as a ready-made. In fact during the 20th century it played a key role in the cultural emancipation of the body which (using a Michel Foucault’s expression) has now become «the zero point of the world». Through performance the body proves to be a living material of expression and communication while photography ensures the recording of any ephemeral event that happens in time and space. My questioning approach considers the gender constructed imagery from the 1990s to the present in order to investigate how photography’s strong aura of realism promotes and allows fantasies of transformation. The contemporary fascination with gender (especially for art and fashion) represents a crucial issue in the global context of postmodernity and is manifested in a variety of visual media, from photography to video and film. Moreover the internet along with its digital transmission of images has deeply affected our world (from culture to everyday life) leading to a postmodern preference for performativity over the more traditional and linear forms of narrativity. As a consequence individual borders get redefined by the skin itself which (dissected through instant vision) turns into a ductile material of mutation and hybridation in the service of identity. My critical assumptions are taken from the most relevant changes occurred in philosophy during the last two decades as a result of the contributions by Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze who developed a cross-disciplinary and comparative approach to interpret the crisis of modernity. They have profoundly influenced feminist studies so that the category of gender has been reassessed in contrast with sex (as a biological connotation) and in relation to history, culture, society. The ideal starting point of my research is the year 1990. I chose it as the approximate historical moment when the intersection of race, class and gender were placed at the forefront of international artistic production concerned with identity, diversity and globalization. Such issues had been explored throughout the 1970s but it was only from the mid-1980s onward that they began to be articulated more consistently. Published in 1990, the book "Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity" by Judith Butler marked an important breakthrough by linking gender to performance as well as investigating the intricate connections between theory and practice, embodiment and representation. It inspired subsequent research in a variety of disciplines, art history included. In the same year Teresa de Lauretis launched the definition of queer theory to challenge the academic perspective in gay and lesbian studies. In the meantime the rise of Third Wave Feminism in the US introduced a racially and sexually inclusive vision over the global situation in order to reflect on subjectivity, new technologies and popular culture in connection with gender representation. These conceptual tools have enabled prolific readings of contemporary cultural production whether fine arts or mass media. After discussing the appropriate framework of my project and taking into account the postmodern globalization of the visual, I have turned to photography to map gender representation both in art and in fashion. Therefore I have been creating an archive of images around specific topics. I decided to include fashion photography because in the 1990s this genre moved away from the paradigm of an idealized and classical beauty toward a new vernacular allied with lifestyles, art practices, pop and youth culture; as one might expect the dominant narrative modes in fashion photography are now mainly influenced by cinema and snapshot. These strategies originate story lines and interrupted narratives using models’ performance to convey a particular imagery where identity issues emerge as an essential part of fashion spectacle. Focusing on the intersections of gender identities with socially and culturally produced identities, my approach intends to underline how the fashion world has turned to current trends in art photography and in some case turned to the artists themselves. The growing fluidity of the categories that distinguish art from fashion photography represents a particularly fruitful moment of visual exchange. Varying over time the dialogue between these two fields has always been vital; nowadays it can be studied as a result of this close relationship between contemporary art world and consumer culture. Due to the saturation of postmodern imagery the feedback between art and fashion has become much more immediate and then increasingly significant for anyone who wants to investigate the construction of gender identity through performance. In addition to that a lot of magazines founded in the 1990s bridged the worlds of art and fashion because some of their designers and even editors were art-school graduates encouraging innovation. The inclusion of art within such magazines aimed at validating them as a form of art in themselves supporting a dynamic intersection for music, fashion, design and youth culture: an intersection that also contributed to create and spread different gender stereotypes. This general interest in fashion produced many exhibitions of and about fashion itself at major international venues such as the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York. Since then this celebrated success of fashion has been regarded as a typical element of postmodern culture. Owing to that I have also based my analysis on some important exhibitions dealing with gender performance like "Féminin-Masculin" at the Centre Pompidou of Paris (1995), "Rrose is a Rrose is a Rrose. Gender performance in photography" at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum of New York (1997), "Global Feminisms" at the Brooklyn Museum (2007), "Female Trouble" at the Pinakothek der Moderne in München together with the workshops dedicated to "Performance: gender and identity" in June 2005 at the Tate Modern of London. Since 2003 in Italy we have had Gender Bender - an international festival held annually in Bologna - to explore the gender imagery stemming from contemporary culture. In few days this festival offers a series of events ranging from visual arts, performance, cinema, literature to conferences and music. Being aware that any method of research is neither race nor gender neutral I have traced these critical paths to question gender identity in a multicultural perspective taking account of the political implications too. In fact, if visibility may be equated with exposure, we can also read these images as points of intersection of visibility with social power. Since gender assignations rely so heavily on the visual, the postmodern dismantling of gender certainty through performance has wide-ranging effects that need to be analyzed. In some sense this practice can even contest the dominance of visual within postmodernism. My visual map in contemporary art and fashion photography includes artists like Nan Goldin, Cindy Sherman, Hellen van Meene, Rineke Dijkstra, Ed Templeton, Ryan McGinley, Anne Daems, Miwa Yanagi, Tracey Moffat, Catherine Opie, Tomoko Sawada, Vanessa Beecroft, Yasumasa Morimura, Collier Schorr among others.

„This is TZ power! Kenkey can’t do this!“ : Die performative Aushandlung nationaler Kultur ; das National Festival of Arts and Culture in Ghana /// Arbeitspapiere / Institut für Ethnologie und Afrikastudien ; 92

Der vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der performativen Aushandlung nationaler Kultur auf dem National Festival of Arts and Culture, das 2006 in Wa, Nordwestghana, stattfand. Die Autorin nahm an der Vorbereitung und Planung des Festivals in lokalen staatlichen Kulturinstitutionen teil, und beobachtete die Diskussionen um die Repräsentation einer (imaginierten) spezifischen Kultur des Nordens in scharfer Abgrenzung zu der des als dominant und diskriminierend empfundenen Südens. In diesem Zusammenhang werden Fragen der Authentizität und Authentifizierung, wie sie in der Planung und Rezeption diskutiert wurden, aufgegriffen und mit der Konzeption des Festivals als gleichzeitig einheitsstiftendes Vehikel für nationale Identität und als Austragungsort eines Wettbewerbs der Regionen um Anerkennung und Ressourcen in Verbindung gesetzt. Das Festival, so die Argumentation, ist eine cultural performance, die das Wesen einer „Kultur“ nicht nur abbildet, sondern auch die Möglichkeit des Wandels und der Subversion birgt. Performance meint hier also gleichzeitig die Aufführung und das Skript der Diskurse, die der Aufführung Bedeutung zuschreiben. Diesen doppelten Ansatz verfolgt der Artikel durch die Verknüpfung von Festivalbeobachtungen und Komiteesitzungsmitschriften im Rahmen der Vorbereitung.

Globale Akteure an den Randzonen von Souveränität und Legitimität

Der moderne Nationalstaat mit seinen Grenzlinien, welche die räumliche Reichweite des souveränen Gewaltmonopols fixierten und gleichsam einen Kulturraum mit homogenen sozialen und rechtlichen Normen abschlossen, war lange eine zentrale Orientierungsgröße für die Geschichtsschreibung. Die wirtschaftlichen, politischen und kulturellen Globalisierungsprozesse der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte haben jedoch das nationale Narrativ mit seinen eindeutigen Demarkationslinien in Frage gestellt. Stattdessen sind Randzonen und Zwischenräume in den Mittelpunkt des Interesses gerückt. Dieser Paradigmenwechsel in Methodik und Perspektive hat auch realhistorisch seine volle Berechtigung, denn solche Zwischenräume sind keine neuartigen Phänomene der Postmoderne mit ihren globalen Transfers und multikulturellen Gesellschaften. Sie hatten sich beispielsweise stets auch während des Epochen übergreifenden Prozesses der europäischen Expansion aufgetan, insbesondere an den fluiden imperialen Randzonen. Nach eurozentrischen Maßstäben handelte es sich dabei um rechtlich nicht regulierte und territorial undefinierte Räume. Aber selbst in der Hochphase des Imperialismus sowie auch in den postkolonialen Gesellschaften konnte das nationalstaatliche Modell nur partiell etabliert werden und konkurrierte stets mit „tribalen“ oder quasi-feudalen Formen sozio-politischer Organisation. Außerdem wurde selbst in den westlichen Nationalstaaten das staatliche Gewaltmonopol sowie die soziale, rechtliche und politische Ordnung bei innerstaatlichen Konflikten wie Revolutionen und Bürgerkriegen sowie internationalen Kriegen immer wieder in Frage gestellt oder sogar ausgehebelt. In solch gewaltbasierten Umfeldern des Ausnahmezustandes und der Insurrektion sowie in solch deregulierten Räumen, weitgehend frei von Hierarchien, bürokratischer Kontrolle und rechtlichen Einschränkungen, agierten stets auch besondere Akteurstypen. Sie hatten einerseits das Privileg einer geringen Kontrolle unterworfen zu sein oder völlig losgelöst davon zu handeln, waren aber andererseits überwiegend auf sich gestellt und konnten nur sehr beschränkt den Schutz des fernen Souveräns im Hintergrund beanspruchen oder hatten sich diesen durch ihre Verhaltensweise sogar zum Gegner gemacht. Diese Akteure an den Randzonen von Souveränität und Legitimität können grob in verschiedene Typen eingeteilt werden: Zu nennen sind die Avantgardisten der Expansion wie Entdecker und Eroberer, die klassischen „Men on the Spot“ an der Peripherie von Imperien wie Militärs und Administratoren, private Gewaltunternehmer und Söldner, Insurgenten und Revolutionäre, sowie Spione und Nachrichtenhändler. Anhand verschiedener Fallstudien soll diese Figur des Akteurs an den Randzonen in globaler Perspektive beleuchtet werden. Es stellt sich die Frage nach seiner Motivation für Sondermissionen, seiner ideellen Beweggründe und politischen Überzeugung sowie seiner Beziehung zum Auftraggeber oder Souverän im fernen Hintergrund. Insbesondere ist untersuchen, ob deren Interessen trotz beschränkter Kontrolle und Rückendeckung loyal verfolgt wurden oder ob für unsere Protagonisten vor allem materielle Interessen ausschlaggebend waren, womöglich sogar einfach das Streben nach einem Betätigungsfeld mit möglichst großer Handlungsfreiheit? Während entgrenzte Verhaltensweisen in der Regel auf rechtlich nur schwach regulierte Umfeldern zurückgeführt werden, ist auch zu untersuchen, ob sich gewisse Persönlichkeiten nicht gezielt Räume am Rande oder jenseits nationalstaatlicher Rechtsnormen als Agitationsfeld suchten oder ob sie sich sogar zur Verwirklichung ihrer persönlichen Bedürfnisse solche Räume durch Subversion staatlicher Ordnung gezielt schafften. Indem die Protagonisten mit den kulturellen, politischen und rechtlichen Ordnungen ihres Betätigungsfeldes in Beziehung gesetzt werden, kann auch eine Brücke von einer rein personenbezogenen Biographik zur Strukturgeschichte geschlagen werden. Die Grenzgänger wie auch die Zwischenräume, in denen sie agierten, sind wohl auch weniger als Randerscheinungen des Ausnahmezustandes zu verstehen, sondern vielmehr als die unmittelbar mit der sich intensivierenden Verrechtlichung und Homogenisierung der westeuropäischen Nationalstaaten einhergehende andere Seite dieses Prozesses: Einerseits brauchten Regierungen zuweilen für besondere Aufgaben Akteure, die nicht an die eigenen Rechtsnormen gebunden waren, andererseits gab es stets Persönlichkeiten, die sich in der engen Rechtswirklichkeit und sozialen Ordnung des Nationalstaates nicht zurechtfanden. Darüber hinaus sind diese Grenzgänger auch als Brückenköpfe politischer wie ökonomischer Machterweiterung sowie als Schlüsselfiguren von Interaktions-, Kooperations-, Vernetzungs- und Transformationsprozessen zu verstehen – nur in Extremfällen waren sie radikale Grenzüberschreiter sowie Träger der bloßen Zerstörung und Zersetzung. Da sie in einem kulturell fremden oder zerrütteten, krisengebeutelten Umfeld agierten, gilt ein besonderes Augenmerk ihrer Rolle als Makler von Interessen, Vermittler sowie Informationsbeschaffer. Schließlich soll auch die Außenwahrnehmung dieser Randfiguren in Betracht gezogen werden. Ihre Position am Rande der Gesellschaft und der Legalität löste in der Regel eine große Faszination beim „Normalbürger“ aus, die sich entweder in Bewunderung oder Abscheu wenden konnte. Teilweise veranlassten sie einen regelrechten Medienrummel, der den Staat wiederum in Zugzwang bringen konnte, oft mit beachtlichen Folgen.

Literature after Postmodernism: Reconstructive Fantasies

Postmodernism, deconstruction and subversion have been the buzzwords of the last few decades. But not any longer. Ever since the end of the millennium an increasingly perceptible desire to turn towards other concerns can be noted. Only, what comes after postmodernism? Where are we going now? Irmtraud Huber suggests some answers to these questions, focusing on novels by Michael Chabon, Mark Z. Danielewski, Jonathan Safran Foer and David Mitchell and highlighting the ways in which they go beyond postmodernism and turn from deconstruction to reconstruction. Approaching the question from an unusual direction by exploring the novelists' particular use of the fantastic mode, this book offers both further insights into the present aesthetic shift and a new perspective on the literary fantastic.

Unnatural Narration beyond Postmodernist Alterities

Postmodernism has frequently employed unnatural narration with the aim to disturb and subvert conventionalized reading practices. Postmodernist discourses thus widely associate the unnatural with alterity, marginality and the suppressed. In this paper, I caution against such a perspective, which threatens to unduly limit our understanding of the broad variety of relations between natural and unnatural narrative on the one hand, and of the multiple possible functions of unnatural narratives on the other. Taking my cue from the use of unnatural narration in a number of recent novels, like Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves (2000), Michael Chabon’s Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay (2000), or Yann Martel’s Life of Pi (2001), I will argue that a postmodernist approach which foregrounds ontological and epistemological questions and emphasizes alterity and subversion remains blind to some of the pragmatic implications that are the main concern of the unnatural narratives under consideration. This not only begs the question whether and in how far such a shift from ontological and epistemological towards pragmatic concerns constitutes a move beyond postmodernism, but also calls for a reconsideration of some of our widely established theories and assumptions about unnatural narratives.