Performance Optimization of a Floating Breakwater Model Using SPH Method, with a Practical Application

Máster en Oceanografía

Diagnosi di strutture lignee e murarie: Il contributo delle indagini sperimentali

Conoscere dal punto di vista tecnico-costruttivo una costruzione storica è fondamentale per un’attendibile valutazione della sicurezza strutturale attuale e per la scelta di un eventuale ed efficace intervento di miglioramento. Per le strutture di interesse storico appartenenti al patrimonio culturale, ma anche per gli altri edifici, risulta difficile conoscere le origini del manufatto, le modifiche avvenute nel corso del tempo dovute a fenomeni di danneggiamento derivanti dal peggioramento delle condizioni dei materiali e dall’avvenimento di eventi calamitosi a causa della mancanza di documentazione storica. La mia tesi e’ focalizzata su tecniche di indagine non distruttive in modo da migliorare la conoscenza della struttura per poi intervenire in modo corretto. L’obiettivo del lavoro svolto e’ stato indagare il contributo delle indagini sperimentali alla diagnosi di edifici storici, in particolare elementi strutturali lignei e di muratura applicando indagini sperimentali non distruttive. Ho dapprima descritto lo stato dell’arte delle varie prove effettuate attraverso la lettura e il confronto di diversi articoli tecnico-scientifici riportando gli obiettivi, la strumentazione impiegata e i risultati ottenuti dalle diverse prove. Ho poi effettuato uno studio del materiale legno utilizzato per le costruzioni, riportandone la descrizione dal punto di vista strutturale, le caratteristiche fisiche, chimiche e meccaniche, le diverse classificazioni e le fasi di lavorazione. Quindi ho analizzato alcune delle prove non distruttive necessarie per una diagnosi di elementi lignei. Per ogni prova vengono riportate alcune caratteristiche, il principio di funzionamento e la strumentazione utilizzata con eventuali software annessi. Negli ultimi 3 capitoli si procede con l’applicazione sperimentale delle prove in sito o in laboratorio precedentemente descritte, in diversi casi di studio; in particolare 1) l’applicazione della prova di compressione assiale su alcuni provini ricavati da un elemento strutturale in legno antico per ricavare vari parametri fisici e meccanici; 2) lo studio di una capriata di legno presente in laboratorio, recuperata dopo il sisma dell’Emilia del 2012, iniziando dall’ispezione visuale classificazione a vista degli elementi sulla base di quanto riportato nella normativa per poi analizzare i dati delle varie prove non distruttive eseguite. 3) Infine è applicata la prova termografica ad un edificio di interesse storico, come l’ex Monastero di Santa Marta, situato in via S. Vitale a Bologna per indagare la tipologia strutturale, le tecnologie costruttive impiegate nelle varie epoche di questo complesso.

Spatiotemporal monitoring of water quality in coral reefs of Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombian Caribbean, 2011-2013

Tayrona National Natural Park (TNNP; 11°17' - 11°22' N and 73°53' - 74°12' W) is a hotspot of coral reef biodiversity in the Colombian Caribbean, located between the city of Santa Marta (>455,000 inhabitants) and several smaller river mouths (Rio Piedras, Mendihuaca, Guachaca). The region experiences a strong seasonal variation in physical parameters (temperature, salinity, wind, and water currents) due to alternating dry seasons with coastal upwelling and rainy seasons. Here, a range of water quality parameters relevant for coral reef functioning is provided. Water quality was measured directly above local coral reefs (~10 m water depth) by a monthly monitoring for up to 25 months in the four TNNP bays (Chengue, Gayraca, Neguanje, and Cinto) and at sites with different degree of exposition to winds, waves and water currents (exposed vs. sheltered sites) within each bay. The water quality parameters include: inorganic nutrient (nitrate, nitrite and soluble reactive phosphorus), chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations (with a replication of n=3) as well as oxygen availability, biological oxygen demand, seawater pH, and water clarity (with a replication of n=4). This is by far the most comprehensive coral reefs water quality dataset for the region. A detailed description of the methods can be found within the referenced publications.

La explotación de las esmeraldas de Muzo (Nueva Granada), en sus primeros tiempos

Las primeras esmeraldas colombianas fueron descubiertas, el año de 1514, en Santa Marta, Costa Norte, por el Capitán General Pedro Arias de Ávila. Durante la conquista se requisaron muchas a los indios y también se recogieron en placeres, lo que ponía en evidencia la riqueza de este país. En 1535, el naturalista Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo (1478-1557) nos señala en la Historia Natural y General de Indias (1535) que desde Tierra Firme 'se han llevado muchas (esmeraldas) en cantidad de diversas estimaciones, é precio', oferta tal que llevó a la caída de precios en Europa.

Como un paraíso en la tierra

Prólogo del libro Hogar del jubilado Santa Marta de Tormes, de Jesús María Aparicio Guisado.

Historia de Venezuela,

The second part ends with the death of Lope de Aguirre in 1561.

Ordine de Caualieri del Tosone.

ICCU,

Teatro eclesiástico de la primitiua Iglesia de las Indias Occidentales, vidas de sus arzobispos, y obispos, y cosas memorables de sus sedes, en lo que pertenece al Reino del Piru ... /

Contiene: Teatro eclesiastico de la Santa Iglesia Arzobispas de Lima y vidas de sus arzobispos: h. 1-22 -- Teatro eclesiastico ... del Nueuo Reyno de Granada ...: h. 23-29 -- Teatro eclesiasico ... de la ciudad de La Plata, que tiene su assiento en la prouincia de los Charcas ...: h. 30-34 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la Santa Iglesia del Cuzco ...: h. 35-43 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la Santa Iglesia de Quito ...: h. 44-50 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... S. Miguel de Tucuman ...: h. 51-54 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la Santa Iglesia de Panama ...: h. 55-61 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Santa Marta ...: h. 62-65 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Guamanga ...: h. 66-68 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Cartagena ...: h. 69-73 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Popayan ...: h. 74-77 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Truxillo ...: h. 78-81 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Santiago de Chile ...: h. 82-86 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... la ciudad imperial de la Concepcion de Chile ...: h. 87-89 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Santa Maria de la Paz ...: h. 90-93 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... la ciudad de la Assumpcopm del Rio de la Plata ...: h. 94-95 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la ... Catedral de la ciudad de la Santissima Trinidad de Buenos Aires ... : h. 98-100 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la ... Catedral de Arequipa ...: h. 101-104 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la ... Assumpcion del Paraguay ...: h. 105-107 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Santacruz de la Sierra : h. 108-119 [i.e. 110]

Discorsi quadragesimali /

Mode of access: Internet.

Trenta discorsi del padre Gregorio Mastrilli della Compagnia di Giesu :Nelli quali si spiega la sacra historia del santo peofeta Giona. Vivuo ritratto della vita, predicationa, e passione di Giesu Christo nostro redentore.

Mode of access: Internet.

Adventures and Misfortunes in Macondo: Rehabilitation of the Cienaga Grande

We describe trajectories of selected ecological indicators used as performance measures to evaluate the success of a mangrove rehabilitation project in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) Delta-Lagoon complex, Colombia, as result of freshwater diversions initiated in 1995. There is a significant reduction in soil and water column salinity in all sampling stations following the hydraulic reconnection of the Clarín and Aguas Negras channels to the Magdalena River. Soil intersticial water salinity (depth: 0.5 m) (7 stations) and water column salinity (0.5 m) (10 stations) values declined significantly (soil <30 g kg-1; water <10 g kg-1) from 1994 to 2000. During 1994 soil interstitial water salinity ranged from 40 g kg-1 (Rinconada) to 100 g kg-1 (KM 13), while water column salinity fluctuated between 25-35 g kg-1 for most of the sampling stations. This salinity reduction increased mangrove forest regeneration promoting a net gain of 99 km2 from 1995 to 1999. The high precipitation recorded in 1995 and 1999 caused by El Niño-La Niña (ENSO), coinciding with the channels rehabilitation, influenced rapid mangrove regeneration. The lack of economic investment in the maintenance of the diversion structures from 2001 to 2004 caused a salinity increase affecting negatively already restored vegetation. A sustainable effort from the international community and the Colombian government is needed to maintain the strategic social and economic benefits reached until 2000 in the CGSM region.

Prevalence of haemosporidians in a Neotropical endemic bird area

Haemosporidians are vector-transmitted intracellular parasites that occur in many bird species worldwide and may have important implications for wild bird populations. Surveys of haemosporidians have traditionally focused on Europe and North America, and only recently have they been carried out in the Neotropics, where the prevalence and impacts of the disease have been less studied and are not well understood. In this study we carried out a survey in the endemic bird area of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), an isolated coastal massif in northern Colombia that contains a large number of biomes and that is experiencing high rates of habitat loss. We sampled birds from 25 species at 2 different altitudes (1640 and 2100 m asl) and determined avian haemosporidian infection by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing a portion of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of the parasite. From the sampled birds, 32.1% were infected by at least 1 of 12 unique cyt b lineages of haemosporidian genera: Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and subgenus Parahaemoproteus. We found a higher prevalence of avian haemosporidians at low altitudes (1640 m asl). All endemic bird species we sampled had at least one individual infected with avian haemosporidians. We also found evidence of higher overall prevalence among endemic rather than nonendemic birds, suggesting higher susceptibility in endemic birds. Overall, our findings suggest a high haemosporidian species richness in the bird community of the SNSM. Considering the rate of habitat loss that this area is experiencing, it is important to understand how avian haemosporidians affect bird populations; furthermore, more exhaustive sampling is required to fully comprehend the extent of avian haemosporidian infection in the area.

Dinoflagelados (Peridiniales, Prorocentrales) do microplâncton na plataforma continental e talude do extremo sul do Brasil (inverno 2005, verão 2007)

This study aimed at identifying morpho-species of microplankton dinoflagellates (> 20 μm) of the order Peridiniales and Prorocentrales off Santa Marta Grande Cape, CSMG (SC, 28º 40’ S) and Albardão-Chui, AC ( r S, 34º 40’ S) during oceanographic cruises conducted in winter 2005 and summer 2007. Plankton samples were obtained by vertical net (mesh size 20 μm) hauls preserved with formaldehyde 4% and analyzed using the inverted microscope equipped with a digital camera. The identification of Peridiniales species was based on the number and morphology of thecal plates enhanced with Calco Fluor White M r 2 whenever necessary and the identification of Prorocentrales was based on cell size, shape, presence of apical processes, pore pattern and marks at the intercalary band. We identified 25 species, including Protoperidinium (11), Prorocentrum (6), Corythodinium (3), Podolampas (2), Oxytoxum (2) and Heterocapsa (1). Prorocentrum species were widely distributed on the continental shelf of southern Brazil, while Peridiniales species were mainly found off Albardão-Chui during winter, especially under the influence of the plume of La Plata River. Oxytoxum milneri was the first time recorded in southern Brazil, while Protoperidinium cassum var. cassum , P. curtipes and Heterocapsa triquetra , were first registered in Brazil.

Personajes y Seres míticos Tairona

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