Detecção do vírus do papiloma humano por PCR em tempo real : relevância para medicina legal

Tese de mestrado, Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Abus sexuels et conversion religieuse : une approche narrative fondée sur la triple mimèsis de Paul Ricœur

Bien qu’on ait longtemps considéré le désespoir ou la souffrance comme un facteur de précipitation de l’expérience religieuse, aucune étude n’a été effectuée sur les liens entre une expérience d’abus sexuels et une conversion religieuse subséquente. Une revue de la littérature sur la dynamique religieuse des abus sexuels révèle deux paradigmes opposés : la religion comme ressource ou comme facteur de risque. De même, un examen des études sur la conversion indique trois dichotomies : un converti actif ou passif, une conversion soudaine ou progressive, et la conversion comme phénomène normal ou pathologique. Or, un recensement des témoignages anecdotiques de victimes d’abus sexuels qui ont subséquemment vécu une conversion suggère que l'interaction entre les deux événements est plus complexe. Pour dépasser ces dichotomies paradigmatiques, nous préconisons une approche narrative. Plus spécifiquement, nous utilisons le concept d’identité narrative développé par Paul Ricœur. Ce concept s’inscrit dans la dynamique ricœurienne de triple mimèsis, laquelle assure une fonction de liaison entre le champ pratique et le champ narratif. De façon générale, notre stratégie méthodologique consiste à déterminer comment, à partir d’éléments biographiques issus de la préfiguration (mimèsis I), le sujet configure son récit pour donner sens à son expérience (mimèsis II) et la refigure pour aboutir à une identité de survivant ou de converti (mimèsis III). Sept entrevues non directives ont été effectuées auprès de personnes qui ont subi des abus sexuels durant leur enfance et qui ont plus tard vécu une conversion religieuse dans le milieu évangélique. À partir de l'analyse en trois étapes mentionnée ci-dessus, nous évaluons la contribution positive ou négative des divers éléments narratifs et, surtout, de leur interaction à la construction de l’identité narrative du sujet. Nous en concluons que le rapport entre des abus sexuels subis durant l’enfance et une conversion ultérieure n’est pas si simple que la littérature pourrait le laisser soupçonner. La conversion peut s’avérer salutaire à la survie du sujet et contribuer à la guérison du traumatisme sexuel qu’il a subi. Toutefois, certains éléments religieux peuvent faire obstacle au processus de recouvrement. Ces éléments nocifs varient d’un sujet à l’autre, et ce qui est délétère pour l’un peut être bénéfique pour l’autre, selon la configuration du récit.

L'impact de la couverture médiatique des violences sexuelles sur les taux d'agressions sexuelles au Québec entre 1974 et 2006

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Violences sexuelles envers les femmes : émergence et construction d’une problématique sociale en France

Ce projet de recherche est consacré à l’analyse des politiques sociales qui entourent les violences sexuelles envers les femmes. La visibilité de la violence sexuelle est récente. En dénonçant à la fin des années 1960, les violences sexuelles comme symbole de l'oppression des femmes, le mouvement féministe a été à l'origine de la reconnaissance par les politiques de ce « phénomène » comme une problématique sociale importante et d’intérêt public. L'étude est centrée sur le cas de la France depuis les années 1960 ; de l’émergence du problème social de la violence sexuelle à la formulation des plans gouvernementaux depuis 2005. Il s'agit d'analyser l'évolution du discours public sur les violences sexuelles au fil du temps et les réponses sociales offertes. Cette étude s’articule autour de deux préoccupations : la première est de comprendre comment s’est construite la question de la violence sexuelle, la seconde concerne l’analyse des politiques actuelles qui émanent de cette évolution. Pour comprendre ces questionnements, nous avons utilisé une méthode qualitative s’inspirant principalement de la méthode d’analyse documentaire. Nous avons procédé à l’analyse des différents plans d’actions gouvernementaux mis en place depuis 2005 et des écrits ministériels et scientifiques portant sur la problématique des violences sexuelles. Partant de ce matériel, d’autres documents sont utilisés afin de cerner le contexte historique et actuel. On retrouve par exemple les auteurs qui ont retracés l’histoire de cette problématique à travers les siècles mais aussi les enquêtes sociologiques, qui ont contribué à évaluer l’ampleur du phénomène, ou la revue de presse, qui aide à mieux comprendre les enjeux d’aujourd’hui. Cette recherche s’inscrit principalement dans le courant théorique constructiviste développé par Spector et Kitsuse (1977), repris et explicité par Loseke dans son livre Thinking about social problem (2003). Enfin, un recours à la comparaison internationale par l’exemple du Québec nous a permis d’éclairer certaines particularités françaises.

Predicci??n de riesgo de reincidencia en agresores sexuales

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n. Resumen tambi??n en ingl??s

Análisis de la movilización noviolenta de la organización femenina popular de Barrancabermeja en el periodo 2000-2009

Este estudio de caso analizará la movilización de la Organización Femenina Popular (OFP) de Barrancabermeja, Colombia, durante el periodo 2000-2009. Tal Organización cuenta estrategias enfocadas en la garantía del respeto de los derechos humanos y especialmente los derechos de la mujer. Con el transcurso de los años la OFP ha evolucionado y ha logrado implementar nuevas prácticas para alcanzar sus metas. La gran pregunta es si, efectivamente, actúan bajo los principios y estrategias de la acción política noviolenta y, además, si es que han logrado algún impacto importante con su movilización.

Actuación de UNAMID (operación híbrida de la Unión Africana y las Naciones Unidas en Darfur) en la defensa de los Derechos Humanos de las mujeres en el conflicto en Darfur (2008 – 2012)

El interés de esta monografía es analizar los alcances y las limitaciones de la actuación de UNAMID en la defensa de los Derechos Humanos de las mujeres en el conflicto en Darfur (2008-2012). Lo anterior, para dar cuenta de que si bien UNAMID ha tenido avances significativos en el aumento de denuncias por violación sexual, en la educación y en la inclusión de la mujer en Darfur, la intervención tardía, la falta de personal cualificado y el lento despliegue ha limitado su actuación para erradicar la violencia sexual como arma de guerra. Sin embargo, la baja internalización de la norma por parte del Estado de Sudán ha sido el mayor limitante para la Misión de Paz. Este análisis se realiza mediante el concepto de Responsabilidad de proteger y el enfoque de Alexander Wendt y Nicholas Onuf.

Poverty, HIV, and barriers to education: street children's experiences in Tanzania

This article discusses the links between poverty, HIV/AIDS, and barriers to education, based on the first-hand experiences of ‘street children’ in northern Tanzania. Within the context of national levels of poverty, ‘cost-sharing’ in health and education sectors, and the AIDS epidemic, poor families in Tanzania are under considerable pressure, and increasing numbers of girls and boys are consequently seeking a living independently on the streets of towns and cities. My research with street children shows that some children orphaned by AIDS are subject to rejection and exploitation by the extended family after the death of their parent(s). They are exposed to considerable risks of abuse, sexual violence and HIV within the street environment. Here, I discuss the links between poverty, HIV and barriers to education, which compound young people’s vulnerability, and offer some policy recommendations in response to the young people’s experiences.

Definitioner av våld i överlevandes berättelser efter kriget i Bosnien

Definitions of violence in stories of survivors from the Bosnian war Previous research on violence during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina presents a one-sided picture of the phenomenon ”war violence.” Researchers have emphasized the importance of narratives but they have not focused on stories about war violence, nor have they analyzed the stories of war violence being a product of interpersonal interaction. This article tries to fill this knowledge gap by analyzing the narratives told by survivors of the war in northwestern Bosnia in the 1990s. The aim is to analyze how the survivors describe violence during the war, and also to analyze those discursive patterns that contribute in constructing the category ”war violence.” The construction of the category ”war violence” is made visible in the empirical material when the interviewees talk about (1) a new social order in the society, (2) human suffering, (3) sexual violence, and (4) human slaughter. All interviewees define war violence as morally reprehensible. In narratives on the phenomena ”war violence” a picture emerges which shows a disruption of the social order existing in the pre-war society. The violence practiced during the war is portrayed as organized and ritualized and this creates a picture that the violence practice became a norm in the society, rather than the exception. Narratives retelling violent situations, perpetrators of violence and subjected to violence do not only exist as a mental construction. The stories live their lives after the war, and thus have real consequences for individuals and society.

Projeto Prevenir: uma pesquisa acerca das mudanças no perfil das infecções por DST/AIDS, com a perspectiva de detectar pontos vulneráveis da prevenção

Rio Grande do Norte is among the Brazilian States where the tourism and sexual violence increasingly grow in the country, occupying 4th place in 2004. Associated to this fact, it comes the problematic one of the contamination of the women by Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD). Studies in Brazil have presented a considerable increase of the STDs, caused through lack of suitable protection in the sexual relationships. Due to the biological and psychosocial vulnerability, besides failures or inconsistencies in the condom use associated to the raised taxes of sexual activity with different partners, the STDs constitute the main risk of health. Many difficulties are found by the confrontation of this problem. In this context, this project had as aim to evaluate the vulnerability of this population of sexually active women in Natal-RN Ponta Negra neighbourhood to the infections by STDs, such as, Candida sp., Vaginoses Bacterial, Trichomonas Vaginalis and Chlamydia sp., arisen with the explosion of the sex market, showing a current statistical panorama. It was possible to detect vulnerable points in prevention through patient anamnesis, where the study it showed: high number of partners (8,3% with more than five), low age of first relationship and not the use of condoms (31,8% sometimes use and 45,8% had not used in the first relationship). Already consolidated by the preventive cytopathologic examination, these data were strengthened by high incidence of causing agents of STDs (58,6%). In this way, it is clear that the sexuality must to be thought on the context of the deep economic and socio-cultural transformations in which pass societies, and mainly the ones concerning to the sexuality exercise and to the sex market. With the profile change of the infections, new demands are placed in relation to the risk factors. Therefore, it can be concluded that the prevention vulnerable points detected as more important had been the deficiency in self-perception and wareness of the risk existence among the studied women

Mulher não vale nem um real : patriarcado nas letras das músicas de forró

Patriarchy is a dominating system that establishes male power in social relations as the social-ideological system and the structuring element of several ways of men‟s domination on gender social relations, on organization of social life, on private relations, and on political decision spaces. In this study we enlarge our reflection about patriarchy from the analysis of Forró lyrics, more specifically the variation known as stylized. Of late decades, it is a kind of music that has been receiving a large acceptance all over the national territory, making use of everyday expressions that propagate and make apology to many forms of discrimination, oppression and violence against women. We emphasize that over this study 14 Forró lyrics were analyzed of different styles besides stylized, like the traditional and the double meaning ones. However, we dwelled on the content analysis, particularly in three Stylized Forró lyrics, they are: Tapa na Cara (2008) by Saia Rodada Band; Mulher Roleira (2004), Aviões do Forró Band; and Bomba no Cabaré (2007), Matruz com Leite Band. In order to make a critical analysis of the elements in the lyrics content, we support ourselves on the theoretic-methodological references of the dialectical materialism, a method that allowed us to get closer to the totality of the reality that includes the popular involvement of the analyzed lyrics in a qualitative way. In that sense, we hold onto the theoretic-methodological categories: gender social relations, patriarchy, violence against women, ideology and cultural industry. As from the lyrics compilation, they were arranged by theme, we classified and analyzed the content, which allowed us to comprehend the messages in the lyrics, beyond the text shows at first sight. Today, there are many mechanisms of propagation and perpetuation of patriarchal ideology. A very relevant mechanism of this phenomenon is the sexual violence. The violence against women is a form to propagate and keep sexism, which may occur in different ways, like physical, psychological, sexual, patrimonial and social. Through our study we established that the propagation of the violence against women as being something natural and banal, giving reinforcement to the asymmetric construction of gender relations that priorizes male to the detriment of female. This banalization is perhaps, one of the strongest allies of this phenomenon‟s perpetuation, that affects women all over the world from different social classes

Mapeamento da demanda de saúde mental infantil em um município de pequeno porte

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Notificação da violência como estratégia de vigilância em saúde: perfil de uma metrópole do Brasil

A violência é um problema de saúde pública e sua notificação é fundamental para a vigilância epidemiológica e para a definição de políticas públicas de prevenção e promoção de saúde. O estudo objetivou caracterizar a ocorrência de violência doméstica, sexual e de outras, a partir das informações do banco de dados do Sistema Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), das fichas de notificação de violência da cidade de Belém (PA), no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2011. Foram sistematizadas 3.267 notificações, representando um aumento de 240% de 2009 a 2011. Em relação ao sexo das vítimas, observou-se que, em média, 83,2% dos casos atingiram as mulheres, proporção esta semelhante nos três anos analisados. A violência sexual foi a mais presente com 41,8%; seguida da violência psicológica com 26,3% e da violência física com 24,0%. Os resultados demonstram a importância do conhecimento do perfil das violências para intervenção e elaboração de políticas públicas intersetoriais que promovam a saúde e a qualidade de vida nesta região do Brasil.

História das mulheres, história de vida de professoras: elementos para pensar a docência

Por meio da história de vida de duas professoras ribeirinhas, reflete-se sobre a docência que acontece no contexto do arquipélago de Guajará, em Belém do Pará, Brasil. Traços comuns entre as histórias, como violência sexual na infância, pobreza e escolarização são destacados para demonstrar que a docência não pode ser pensada fora do contexto mais amplo de constituição da mulher. Argumenta-se que a condição da mulher na região historicamente conformou possibilidades singulares que explicam como e porque meninas que foram por muito tempo alijadas do mundo da escola se transformam em professoras. Demonstra-se como ser professora se articula aos processos societais do espaço ribeirinho, assegurando todo um processo de inter-relação.

Concepção de criança na pós-modernidade

O artigo apresenta uma perspectiva sintética da concepção de criança, pontuando questões relacionadas à pós-modernidade e ao problema da violência sexual intrafamiliar, o que faz parte da revisão bibliográfica para a elaboração de dissertação do Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e Social da UFPA. As reflexões são articuladas através dos pontos de vista da Psicologia e da terapia ocupacional, pois a primeira é a base do nosso mestrado, e a segunda, do campo de atuação. O pensamento pós-moderno valoriza o singular e o idiossincrático, assim, apreender o discurso sobre a criança nos remete à importância de compreender o que elas próprias pensam e sentem sobre a sua condição infantil. A Psicologia da qual nos valemos oferece, para as análises, o conceito de nutrição psicológica, que diz respeito ao provimento, pelos cuidadores, de alimentos positivos capazes de permitir à criança desenvolver-se de modo criativo e saudável; além desse conceito, a terapia ocupacional apresenta o de atividades expressivas.