Anti-inflammatory intestinal activity of Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae) in TNBS colitis model

Ethnopharmacological relevance: In Brazilian traditional medicine, Arctium lappa (Asteraceae), has been reported to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms. Aim of the study: In the present study, we investigated the effects of the lactone sesquiterpene onopordopicrin enriched fraction (ONP fraction) from Arctium lappa in an experimental colitis model induced by 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and performed experiments to elucidate the underlying action mechanisms involved in that effect. Materials and methods: ONP fraction (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) was orally administered 48, 24 and 1 h prior to the induction of colitis and 24 h after. The inflammatory response was assessed by gross appearance, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels and a histological study of the lesions. We determined cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 protein expressions by western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays. Results: TNBS group was characterized by increased colonic wall thickness, edema, diffuse inflammatory cell infiltration, increased MPO activity and TNF-α levels. On the contrary, ONP fraction (25 and 50 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the macroscopic inflammation scores (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) and morphological alterations associated with an increase in the mucus secretion. Similarly, the degree of neutrophil infiltration and the cytokine levels were significantly ameliorated. Moreover, COX-2 expression was up regulated in TNBS-treated rats. In contrast, ONP fraction (50 mg/kg) administration reduced COX-2 overexpression. Conclusions: We have shown that the ONP fraction obtained from Arctium lappa exert marked protective effects in acute experimental colitis, confirming and justifying, at least in part, the popular use of this plant to treat gastrointestinal diseases. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ovariossalpingohisterectomia em cutias: técnicas anestésica e cirúrgica, análise morfológica uterina e microbiológica da vagina e do útero (Dasyprocta azarae, Lichtenstein, 1823)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determinação do território de forrageamento e avaliação do uso de micro porta-iscas para as saúvas Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 e Atta laevigata Fr. Smith, 1858 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Análise filogenética das espécies de Hemigrammus Gill, 1858 (Characiformes, Characidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Uso do dicionário no ensino de língua espanhola: proposta de guia teórico-metodológico para professores

Pós-graduação em Linguística e Língua Portuguesa - FCLAR

The respiratory metabolism of the castes of two leaf cutting ants, Atta laevigata (F. Smith, 1858) and Atta sexdens rubropilosa forel, 1908

1. 1. The respiration of the different castes of two species of leaf-cutting ants, Atta laevigata and Atta sexdens rubropilosa was measured in both workers and sexed forms. 2. 2. The respiratory rates (μl O2/mg(live)/hr) were, in A. laevigata, 0.644 (gardeners), 0.594 (cutters), 0.354 (soldiers), 0.233 (males) and 0.085 (females); in A. s. rubropilosa, 0.803 (gardeners), 0.748 (cutters), 0.510 (soldiers), 0.375 (males) and 0.274 (females), significantly higher than A. laevigata. 3. 3. All castes considered, the b-values of the equation relating oxygen consumption and weight in A. laevigata (0.53) were significantly different from that in A. s. rubropilosa (0.73). © 1981.

Species of Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) attracted to dung and carrion baited pitfall traps in the Uruguayan Eastern Serranías

This study investigates the species richness and abundance of Drosophila Fallén, 1823 attracted to dung and carrion baited pitfall traps in natural areas with heterogeneous habitats at the Sierra de Minas, Eastern Serranías, southeastern Uruguay. Collecting was carried out on a monthly basis (May 2002 through April 2003). Drosophilids accounted for 0.84% (n = 131) and 3.61% (n = 158) of the Diptera collected from dung (n = 15,630) and carrion (n = 4,382) pitfall traps, respectively. A total of 12 species were identified, 11 of which belong to the subgenus Drosophila (the richest) and one to the subgenus Sophophora Sturtevant, 1939. Over 90% of the Drosophila specimens collected belong to five species of the subgenus Drosophila, namely D. gaucha Jaeger & Salzano, 1953, D. immigrans Sturtevant, 1921, D. mediovittata Frota-Pessoa, 1954, D. aff. nappae Vilela, Valente & Basso-da-Silva, 2004, and D. ornatifrons Duda, 1927. Drosophila cardini Sturtevant, 1916 is recorded for the first time from Uruguay. Drosophila abundance and species richness in the four habitats sampled in the Uruguayan Eastern Serranías, namely woodlands sierra, riparian forest, pine plantation and grazing grassland, were considered to be a function of habitat conservation. Diversity indices were low in all habitats. Different habitats supported particular coprophilous and necrophilous Drosophila species. The woodland sierra represents the most preserved habitat, and contributed with the highest species richness observed. Drosophila ornatifrons was the dominant species, with a restricted habitat distribution. On the other hand, grazed grassland, an environment modified by livestock management, had the lowest species richness: only a few specimens of D. repleta Wollaston, 1858. Regarding species composition, significant differences were found in some pairwise comparisons of groups of Drosophila species that included D. ornatifrons. Fly attraction to dung can be exploited as an alternative and/or complementary collecting method in ecological studies of Drosophila assemblages in natural areas.

Sēfer Minḥā ṭehôrā : kôlēl dînîm mē-hilkôt melîḥā, niddā, ḥallā we-hadlāqā bi-lešôn askenazzî ṣaḥ we-nāqî ... le-tôʿelet benôt Yiśrā'ēl

... Zalmān B. ... Mōše Bônhard

La literatura y la vida: los Cuadernos de Carmen Martín Gaite

Afirma el estudioso José Romera Castillo que en el período que va de 1975 hasta nuestros días han ido apareciendo (o se han rescatado) en España escritos diarísticos diversos en calidad y modalidad. Voy a insistir sobre esta calificación de “diversa modalidad" para analizar los diarios de la escritora española Carmen Martín Gaite (1925-2000), publicados en el año 2001 y 2005 con los títulos Cuadernos de todo y Visión de Nueva York, respectivamente. Estas colecciones de escritos íntimos aparecidas póstumamente, reafirman la poética de la autora, presente de manera implícita en sus novelas y desarrollada en sus libros de ensayos e investigación. La intrincada relación entre literatura y vida, presente siempre en toda su producción, se manifiesta con toda claridad en estos textos, que revelan la continuidad de su labor de escritora en cada momento de su vida y la coherencia de su ideario.

All Along the Watchmen : Elementos paratextuales en la novela gráfica de Moore-Gibbons

Se podría estudiar la novela gráfica desde muchas perspectivas, pero nuestra aproximación es, sobre todo, desde su paratexto (Genette 2001). No surgen mayores inconvenientes a la hora de analizar paratextos editoriales como la cubierta o al asediar un paratexto negociado entre la editorial y el autor como sucede con el título de la obra, pero sí al encarar otros aspectos propios de la historieta, demasiado visibles como para ser percibidos. A lo largo de este trabajo se realizará un análisis comparatista del paratexto autoral de Watchmen con respecto a las fuentes utilizadas; a su vez, mediante el análisis del epitexto público y de los materiales pre-textuales incluidos tanto en la edición Absolute del tomo recopilatorio (Moore, Gibbons 2011) como en Watching the Watchmen (Gibbons 2008), se relacionarán la aparición y ubicación de los epígrafes en los doce episodios serializados originales con las condiciones materiales de producción

All Along the Watchmen : Elementos paratextuales en la novela gráfica de Moore-Gibbons

Se podría estudiar la novela gráfica desde muchas perspectivas, pero nuestra aproximación es, sobre todo, desde su paratexto (Genette 2001). No surgen mayores inconvenientes a la hora de analizar paratextos editoriales como la cubierta o al asediar un paratexto negociado entre la editorial y el autor como sucede con el título de la obra, pero sí al encarar otros aspectos propios de la historieta, demasiado visibles como para ser percibidos. A lo largo de este trabajo se realizará un análisis comparatista del paratexto autoral de Watchmen con respecto a las fuentes utilizadas; a su vez, mediante el análisis del epitexto público y de los materiales pre-textuales incluidos tanto en la edición Absolute del tomo recopilatorio (Moore, Gibbons 2011) como en Watching the Watchmen (Gibbons 2008), se relacionarán la aparición y ubicación de los epígrafes en los doce episodios serializados originales con las condiciones materiales de producción

All Along the Watchmen : Elementos paratextuales en la novela gráfica de Moore-Gibbons

Se podría estudiar la novela gráfica desde muchas perspectivas, pero nuestra aproximación es, sobre todo, desde su paratexto (Genette 2001). No surgen mayores inconvenientes a la hora de analizar paratextos editoriales como la cubierta o al asediar un paratexto negociado entre la editorial y el autor como sucede con el título de la obra, pero sí al encarar otros aspectos propios de la historieta, demasiado visibles como para ser percibidos. A lo largo de este trabajo se realizará un análisis comparatista del paratexto autoral de Watchmen con respecto a las fuentes utilizadas; a su vez, mediante el análisis del epitexto público y de los materiales pre-textuales incluidos tanto en la edición Absolute del tomo recopilatorio (Moore, Gibbons 2011) como en Watching the Watchmen (Gibbons 2008), se relacionarán la aparición y ubicación de los epígrafes en los doce episodios serializados originales con las condiciones materiales de producción

Analysis of the information about Doctoral Degrees presented in the Spanish universities websites.

Globalization has intensified competition, as evidenced by the growing number of international classification systems (rankings) and the attention paid to them. Doctoral education has an international character in itself. It should promote opportunities for graduate students lo participate in these international studies. The quality and competitiveness are two of the most important issues for universities. To promote the interest of graduates to continue their education after the graduate level, it would be necessary to improve the published information of ihe doctoral programs. It should increase the visibility and provide high-quality, easily accessible and comparable information which includes all the relevant aspects of these programs. The authors analysed the website contents of doctoral programs, it was observed a lack of quality of them and very poor information about the contents, so that it was decided that any of them could constitute a model for creating new websites. The recommendations on the format and contents in the web were made by a discussion group. They recommended an attractive design; a page with easy access to contents and easy to find on Ihe net and with the information in more than one language. It should include complete program and academic staff information. It should also be included the study's results which should be easily accessible and includes quantitative data, such as number of students who completed scholars, publications, research projects, average duration of the studies, etc. It will facilitate the choice of program