An extended interval dosing method for gentamicin in neonates

Traditional gentamicin dosing every 8–24 h depending on age and weight in neonates does not provide the ideal concentration–time profile to both optimize the concentration-dependent killing by aminoglycosides and minimize toxicity. Fifty-three neonates were audited prospectively while receiving gentamicin 2.5 mg/kg every 8–24 h, aiming for peak concentrations (Cmax) of 6–10 mg/L and trough concentrations (Cmin) 10 mg/L after the first dose. The mean area under the concentration versus time curve AUC0–24 was 93 mg•h/L (target = 100 mg•h/L). The extended interval dosing achieved higher Cmax values while ensuring that overall exposure per 24 h was acceptable. Prospective testing of the method demonstrated good predictive ability.

Linear models of simple cells: Correspondence to real cell responses and space spanning properties

Despite their limitations, linear filter models continue to be used to simulate the receptive field properties of cortical simple cells. For theoreticians interested in large scale models of visual cortex, a family of self-similar filters represents a convenient way in which to characterise simple cells in one basic model. This paper reviews research on the suitability of such models, and goes on to advance biologically motivated reasons for adopting a particular group of models in preference to all others. In particular, the paper describes why the Gabor model, so often used in network simulations, should be dropped in favour of a Cauchy model, both on the grounds of frequency response and mutual filter orthogonality.

A bacterial artificial chromosome library of Lotus japonicus constructed in an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-transformable vector

We constructed a BAC library of the model legume Lotus japonicus with a 6-to 7-fold genome coverage. We used vector PCLD04541, which allows direct plant transformation by BACs. The average insert size is 94 kb. Clones were stable in Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

An action research report on the Korean national digital library

This paper presents the results of my action research. I was involved in establishing and running a digital library that was founded by the government of South Korea. The process involved understanding the relationship between the national IT infrastructure and the success factors of the digital library. In building, the national IT infrastructure, a digital library system was implemented; it combines all existing digitized university libraries and can provide overseas information, such as foreign journal articles, instantly and freely to every Korean researcher. An empirical survey was made as a part of the action research; the survey determined user satisfaction in the newly established national digital library. After obtaining the survey results, I suggested that the current way of running the nationwide government-owned digital library should be retained. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Point source inoculation of Mesocyclops (Copepoda : Cyclopidae) gives widespread control of Ochlerotatus and Aedes (Diptera : Culicidae) immatures in service manholes and pits in North Queensland, Australia

This study details the novel application of predacious copepods, genus Mesocyclops, for control of Ochlerotatus tremulus (Theobald) group and Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquito larvae in subterranean habitats in north Queensland, Australia. During June 1997, 50 Mesocyclops sp. I were inoculated into one service manhole in South Townsville. Wet season rainfall and flooding in both 1998 and 2000 was responsible for the dispersal of copepods via the underground pipe system to 29 of 35 manholes over an area of 1.33 km(2). Significant reductions in Aedes and Ochlerotatus larvae ensued. In these habitats, Mesocyclops and Metacyclops were able to survive dry periods, when substrate moisture content ranged from 13.8 to 79.9%. At the semiarid inland towns of Hughenden and Richmond, cracking clay soil prevents drainage of water from shallow service pits where Oc. tremulus immatures numbered from 292-18,460 per pit. Introduction of Mesocyclops copepods into these sites during May 1999 resulted in 100% control of Oc. tremulus for 18 mo. One uninoculated pit subsequently became positive for Mesocyclops with resultant control of mosquito larvae.

Comparison of DEM and experiment for a scale model SAG mill

Predictions of flow patterns in a 600-mm scale model SAG mill made using four classes of discrete element method (DEM) models are compared to experimental photographs. The accuracy of the various models is assessed using quantitative data on shoulder, toe and vortex center positions taken from ensembles of both experimental and simulation results. These detailed comparisons reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the various models for simulating mills and allow the effect of different modelling assumptions to be quantitatively evaluated. In particular, very close agreement is demonstrated between the full 3D model (including the end wall effects) and the experiments. It is also demonstrated that the traditional two-dimensional circular particle DEM model under-predicts the shoulder, toe and vortex center positions and the power draw by around 10 degrees. The effect of particle shape and the dimensionality of the model are also assessed, with particle shape predominantly affecting the shoulder position while the dimensionality of the model affects mainly the toe position. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Sustentabilidade de iniciativas premiadas no concurso inova????o: ind??cios de mudan??a da gest??o no governo federal ?

Com o t??rmino da 11?? edi????o do Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal, em 2007, A ENAP considerou oportuno incluir em sua programa????o o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que, recuperando a trajet??ria do pr??mio, permitissem identificar como ocorrem as inova????es no governo federal e quais caracter??sticas desses processos podem criar ambientes favor??veis ou desfavor??veis ?? gera????o de inova????o, ?? sua perman??ncia e difus??o. Neste Caderno as pesquisas tiveram como foco a sustentabilidade das iniciativas premiadas e a sua dissemina????o. A an??lise empreendida apontou o car??ter end??geno das inova????es selecionadas e mostrou a import??ncia das equipes n??o s?? na concep????o das iniciativas, mas tamb??m na sua continuidade e relev??ncia pr??tica, oferecendo contribui????es para orientar os incentivos ?? inova????o no setor p??blico, potencializando os impactos do pr??prio Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal, que completou 15 anos em 2010

Sustentabilidade de iniciativas premiadas no concurso inova????o: ind??cios de mudan??a da gest??o no governo federal?

O prop??sito da pesquisa que trata da sustentabilidade das inova????es premiadas no Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal, de 1996 a 2006, consistiu em identificar o grau de perman??ncia das inova????es premiadas no per??odo e explorar as condi????es que favoreceram a continuidade. Como resultado mais significativo do estudo, identificou-se elevado ??ndice de sustentabilidade nas pr??ticas: 71,7% das inova????es pesquisadas continuavam ativas quando da realiza????o da entrevista, indicando razo??vel enraizamento no acervo das institui????es federais.A hip??tese ?? a de que a continuidade de inova????es por longos per??odos de tempo, sob distintas administra????es, constitui ind??cio de uma mudan??a mais profunda na gest??o p??blica federal, ultrapassando as altera????es no plano pol??tico e governamental.A an??lise focada nas iniciativas ativas permitiu inferir circunst??ncias que parecem favorecer essa continuidade, tais como a visibilidade dos resultados alcan??ados,o envolvimento dos servidores na inova????o, a exist??ncia de uma lideran??a ativa e de ambiente institucional que promova o acompanhamento e o ajuste das iniciativas a novas circunst??ncias