Histoire du ciel : ou lon recherche l'origine de lidolatrie et les méprises de la philosophie, sur la formation des corps célestes & de toute la nature : Tome second /

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire du ciel, oú l'on recherche l'origine de l'idolatrie et les méprises de la Philosophie, sur la formation des corps célestes, et de toute la nature : tome premier.

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire du ciel, oú l'on recherche l'origine de l'idolatrie et les méprises de la Philosophie, sur la formation des corps célestes, et de toute la nature : tome second.

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire du ciel : où l'on recherche l'origine de l'idolatrie, et les méprises de la philosophie, sur la formation des corps célestes, & de toute la nature : Tome premier.

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire du ciel : ou lon recherche l'origine de lidolatrie et les méprises de la philosophie, sur la formation des corps célestes & de toute la nature : Tome premier /

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire du ciel, ou l'on recherche l'origine de l'idolatrie, et les méprises de la philosophie, sur la formation des corps célestes, & de toute la nature.

t. 1. Le ciel poëtique.--t. 2. La cosmognie. La physique de Moïse. Les conséquences.

The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms with observations on their habits. Seventh thousand (corr.)

"Corrected."

Réflexion sur l’apport de l’ouvrage "Comment on écrit l’histoire" sur la formation à la recherche en droit

Les chercheurs spécialisés en droit ont souvent pris pour modèle la méthodologie de la recherche inspirée des différentes sciences humaines. Or, les réflexions élaborées par certains historiens sur leur propre méthodologie, plus particulièrement celles qui ont été livrées par Paul Veyne dans son ouvrage "Comment on écrit l’histoire", sont aussi très éclairantes pour toute personne qui s’interroge sur la méthodologie de la recherche en droit. Selon cet auteur, et paradoxalement, "l’histoire n’a pas de méthode" et les historiens "racontent des événements vrais qui ont l’homme pour acteur". Transposées au domaine du droit, ces affirmations libéreraient en quelque sorte le chercheur d’une quête d’une méthodologie "scientifique" tout en le soumettant à une exigence, celle de décrire des événements vrais. La transposition est-elle possible? L’épistémologie historique est-elle pertinente pour les juristes? Voilà les questions que l’auteur abordera dans l’article qui suit.

Élaboration, expérimentation et évaluation d'un modèle de formation destiné aux formateurs en entreprise dans le cadre de l'alternance travail-études au niveau secondaire

Depuis 1988, le ministère de l'Emploi et de l'Immigration du Canada a mis à la disposition des commissions scolaires un programme d'aide à l'implantation de l'alternance travail-études. Comme le mentionne le Conseil supérieur de l'éducation (1992), seul un nombre restreint de projets expérimentaux a été réalisé dans le cadre de ce programme. La principale raison de la faible quantité de ces projets réside dans le manque d'outils d'application de ce programme. Dans le même sens, depuis septembre 1989, le ministère de l'Éducation du Québec (MEQ) a rendu obligatoire pour les commissions scolaires, la mise en place du programme des cheminements particuliers de formation au deuxième cycle du secondaire. Ce programme comporte trois catégories de cheminements, l'un d'entre eux visant à favoriser l'insertion sociale et professionnelle de jeunes de 16 ans et plus en difficulté d'apprentissage (ISPJ). À cette fin, le MEQ a prévu l'application d'un système d'alternance travail-études. Certaines commissions scolaires sont allées chercher une contribution supplémentaire, dans le programme d'intégration professionnelle du fédéral, joignant ainsi les deux programmes. L'implantation d'un système d'alternance, indépendamment des clientèles visées, exige une étroite collaboration entre le monde scolaire et le monde du travail. La contribution de ce dernier pourrait être améliorée si certains aspects étaient précisés, tels une meilleure définition des rôles des parties impliquées, une plus grande reconnaissance de part et d'autre des types de contributions originales des deux milieux ainsi qu'une meilleure compréhension des cultures de deux milieux. Afin de préciser le rôle de formation de l'entreprise, cette recherche se propose d'élaborer et d'expérimenter un modèle de formation propre à l'entreprise dans le cadre du programme d'alternance travail-études, donc de la formation en entreprise. Dans cette perspective, notre recherche se préoccupera plus particulièrement du processus de formation dans l'action.

Direct Visualization Of The Action Of Triton X-100 On Giant Vesicles Of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipids.

The raft hypothesis proposes that microdomains enriched in sphingolipids, cholesterol, and specific proteins are transiently formed to accomplish important cellular tasks. Equivocally, detergent-resistant membranes were initially assumed to be identical to membrane rafts, because of similarities between their compositions. In fact, the impact of detergents in membrane organization is still controversial. Here, we use phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy to observe giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made of erythrocyte membrane lipids (erythro-GUVs) when exposed to the detergent Triton X-100 (TX-100). We clearly show that TX-100 has a restructuring action on biomembranes. Contact with TX-100 readily induces domain formation on the previously homogeneous membrane of erythro-GUVs at physiological and room temperatures. The shape and dynamics of the formed domains point to liquid-ordered/liquid-disordered (Lo/Ld) phase separation, typically found in raft-like ternary lipid mixtures. The Ld domains are then separated from the original vesicle and completely solubilized by TX-100. The insoluble vesicle left, in the Lo phase, represents around 2/3 of the original vesicle surface at room temperature and decreases to almost 1/2 at physiological temperature. This chain of events could be entirely reproduced with biomimetic GUVs of a simple ternary lipid mixture, 2:1:2 POPC/SM/chol (phosphatidylcholine/sphyngomyelin/cholesterol), showing that this behavior will arise because of fundamental physicochemical properties of simple lipid mixtures. This work provides direct visualization of TX-100-induced domain formation followed by selective (Ld phase) solubilization in a model system with a complex biological lipid composition.

Culturable Bacterial Diversity From A Feed Water Of A Reverse Osmosis System, Evaluation Of Biofilm Formation And Biocontrol Using Phages.

Biofilm formation on reverse osmosis (RO) systems represents a drawback in the application of this technology by different industries, including oil refineries. In RO systems the feed water maybe a source of microbial contamination and thus contributes for the formation of biofilm and consequent biofouling. In this study the planktonic culturable bacterial community was characterized from a feed water of a RO system and their capacities were evaluated to form biofilm in vitro. Bacterial motility and biofilm control were also analysed using phages. As results, diverse Protobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were identified. Alphaproteobacteria was the predominant group and Brevundimonas, Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium the most abundant genera. Among the 30 isolates, 11 showed at least one type of motility and 11 were classified as good biofilm formers. Additionally, the influence of non-specific bacteriophage in the bacterial biofilms formed in vitro was investigated by action of phages enzymes or phage infection. The vB_AspP-UFV1 (Podoviridae) interfered in biofilm formation of most tested bacteria and may represent a good alternative in biofilm control. These findings provide important information about the bacterial community from the feed water of a RO system that may be used for the development of strategies for biofilm prevention and control in such systems.

Action Of Essential Oils From Brazilian Native And Exotic Medicinal Species On Oral Biofilms.

Essential oils (EO) obtained from twenty medicinal and aromatic plants were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the oral pathogens Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis. The antimicrobial activity of the EO was evaluates by microdilution method determining Minimal Inhibitory Concentration. Chemical analysis of the oils compounds was performed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS). The most active EO were also investigated as to their actions on the biolfilm formation. The most of the essential oils (EO) presented moderate to strong antimicrobial activity against the oral pathogens (MIC--Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations values between 0.007 and 1.00 mg/mL). The essential oil from Coriandrum sativum inhibited all oral species with MIC values from 0.007 to 0.250 mg/mL, and MBC/MFC (Minimal Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentrations) from 0.015 to 0.500 mg/mL. On the other hand the essential oil of C. articulatus inhibited 63.96% of S. sanguis biofilm formation. Through Scanning Eletronic Microscopy (SEM) images no changes were observed in cell morphology, despite a decrease in biofilm formation and changes on biofilm structure. Chemical analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of the C. sativum essential oil revealed major compounds derivatives from alcohols and aldehydes, while Cyperus articulatus and Aloysia gratissima (EOs) presented mono and sesquiterpenes. In conclusion, the crude oil from C. articulatus exhibited the best results of antimicrobial activity e ability to control biofilm formation. The chemical analysis showed the presence of terpenes and monoterpenes such as a-pinene, a-bulnesene and copaene. The reduction of biofilms formation was confirmed from SEM images. The results of this research shows a great potential from the plants studied as new antimicrobial sources.

The physical education teacher's competences and professional formation

This study has as objective identifies the necessary competences to the physical education teachers of the basic education, in the teachers` of the public network of teaching of the Sao Paulo state perspective, licentiates and exits of the Physical Education School and Sport of the Sao Paulo University starting from 1995. It is a qualitative research, of nature no experimental, consisting of two studies (diagnostic and deepening). As instruments, questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used. It happened what the teachers judge importantly mobilize determined knowledges placed in a hierarchy or associated during the teaching practice, such as: knowledges pedagogic-educational, technical knowledges and cultural luggage, inserted in the current context and considering the cultural, social, political, economical and education transformations occurred along the history. There was shown up in this study the relevance of the formation continued for the teachers of Physical Education, who found her essential and basic added to the initial formation.

Study on Iron Formation During the Carbothermic Reduction of Iron Ore in Carbon Composite Pellets in the Temperature Range 1423 K-1623 K

The aim of this work is to study the reaction rate and the morphology of the intermediary reaction products during reduction of iron ore, when iron ore and carbonaceous material are agglomerated together as a carbon composite iron ore pellet. The reaction was performed at high temperatures, and in order to avoid heat transfer constraints small size samples were used. The carbonaceous materials employed were coke breeze and pure graphite. Portland cement was employed as a binder, and the pellets diameter was 5.2 mm. The experimental technique involved the measurement of the pellets weight loss, as well as interruption of the reaction at different stages in order to submit the partially reduced pellet to scanning electron microscopy. It has been observed that above 1523 K there is the formation of liquid slag inside the pellets, which partially dissolves iron oxides. The apparent activation energies obtained were 255 kJ/mol for coke breeze containing pellets, and 230 kJ/mol for those pellets containing graphite. It was possible to avoid heat transfer control of the reaction rate up to 1523 K by employing small composite pellets.

Tree-ring formation, radial increment periodicity, and phenology of tree species from a seasonal semi-deciduous forest in southeast Brazil

Many tropical tree species produce growth rings in response to seasonal environmental factors that influence the activity of the vascular cambium. We applied the following methods to analyze the annual nature of treering formation of 24 tree species from a seasonal semi-deciduous forest of southeast Brazil: describing wood anatomy and phenology, counting tree rings after cambium markings, and using permanent dendrometer bands. After 7 years of systematic observations and measurements, we found the following: the trees lost their leaves during the dry season and grew new leaves at the end of the same season; trunk increment dynamics corresponded to seasonal changes in precipitation, with higher increment (active period) during the rainy season (October-April) and lower increment (dormant period) during the dry season (May-September); the number of tree rings formed after injuries to the cambium coincided with the number of years since the extraction of the wood samples. As a result of these observations, it was concluded that most study trees formed one growth ring per year. This suggests that tree species from the seasonal semi-deciduous forests of Brazil have an annual cycle of wood formation. Therefore, these trees have potential for use in future studies of tree age and radial growth rates, as well as to infer ecological and regional climatic conditions. These future studies can provide important information for the management and conservation of these endangered forests.