Cell polarity: Scaffold proteins par excellence

Par proteins are involved in determining cellular asymmetry. Recent studies have identified one of these proteins, Par6, as a key regulator of cell polarity and transformation via its interactions with small GTPases and atypical forms of protein kinase C.

Hydrogen abstraction from ionic liquids by benzophenone triplet excited states

The activation energy for hydrogen abstraction from imidazolium-based ionic liquids is significantly higher than that observed in conventional solvents.

Women artists of the international avant-garde: the case of "Abstraction-Création" (1931-1936)

Women’s contribution to abstract art in the interwar period is a subject that, to date, has received very little attention. In this article we deal with the untold story of the participation of women artists in Abstraction-Création, the foremost international group dedicated to abstract art in the 1930s. Founded in Paris in 1931, the group took on the work of two previous collectives to become a platform for the dissemination and promotion of abstract art and consisted of around a hundred members. Twelve of these were women, whose writings and works were published in the group’s annual magazine, abstraction creátion art non figuratif (1932-1936), and who participated in a number of the group’s exhibitions. Compared to what had occurred in previous groups, the participation of women, although reduced in number, was comparable to that of the male artists and being members of the group had a generally positive impact on the women’s careers. However, all this came at the expense of relinquishing any gender specificity in their work and the public presentation of it, and demonstrates that the normalization of women’s contributions to the avant-garde could only be brought about alongside a questioning of the more dogmatic views of modernity.

The conflict between realism and abstraction in the field of spanish art as an iteration of la "Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes"

Based on the analysis model favored by the study of the conditions in which the seventeenth century Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes took place, we examine the case of confrontation between realism and abstraction, which occurred in the context of Spanish art in the nineties of the twentieth century. Connections are established with other aesthetic conflicts which are considered part of a genealogy whose most explicit antecedent could be placed in the before mentioned complaint, such as the confrontation between realism and abstraction in the American art scene, which occurred in the fifties of the last century, and the more recent controversy on pluralism and the end of art.

PAR-2 Regulates Dental Pulp Inflammation Associated with Caries

Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are G-protein-coupled receptors that are activated enzymatically by proteolysis of an N-terminal domain. The cleavage and activation of PARs by serine proteases represent a novel mechanism by which such enzymes could influence the host inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to determine whether PAR-2 expression and activation were increased in dental caries. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed PAR-2 to be localized to pulp cells subjacent to caries lesions, but minimally expressed by healthy pulp tissue. Trypsin and the PAR-2 agonist (PAR2-AP) activated PAR-2 in an in vitro functional assay. Endogenous molecules present in pulp cell lysates from carious teeth specifically activated PAR-2, but those from healthy teeth failed to do so. The activation of PAR-2 in vitro was shown to increase the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), providing a mechanism whereby PAR-2 could modulate pulpal inflammation.

Le général de Gaulle vu par André Malraux - héros national ou européen ?

A partir du portrait de Charles de Gaulle brossé par André Malraux dans Les Chênes qu’on abat (1971), l’article cherche à analyser et à évaluer le statut de ce héros national français afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure le général peut être considéré comme un grand homme de l’Europe. Le statut et le destin du général étant étroitement liés à ceux de la France, l’article tente de caractériser la place de ce grand homme ainsi que celle de la France dans l’Europe d’après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Les deux perspectives temporelles de la durée, d’une part, et des événements, de l’autre, contribuent ici à nuancer le portrait de ce grand homme à la fois profondément engagé dans l’histoire de son temps et pourtant représentant d’une continuité historique. Mots-clé: de Gaulle, Malraux, France, Europe, héros, nation

PROCÉDÉ DE DÉTECTION DE BIOPRODUITS À L'AIDE D'UN DÉTECTEUR PAR RÉSONANCE PLASMONIQUE DE SURFACE LOCALISÉE DE NANOPARTICULES D'OR

L'invention porte sur un procédé consistant à détecter des bioproduits à l'aide d'une résonance plasmonique de surface localisée (LSPR) de nanoparticules d'or. Ledit procédé peut diagnostiquer des bioproduits sur la base de changements de la longueur d'onde maximale produite par une réaction antigène-anticorps après immobilisation des nanoparticules d'or sur un panneau en verre. Un détecteur utilisant un tel procédé présente une sensibilité élevée, est peu coûteux, permet un diagnostic rapide, et il peut ainsi être appliqué à divers domaines biologiques associés aux contaminants environnementaux, pathogènes et similaires, ainsi qu'au diagnostic de maladies. L'invention porte en outre sur une technologie pour fabriquer un détecteur dont la sensibilité est élevée, le prix faible et la performance rapide, par comparaison avec des procédés classiques utilisant SPR.

Carrefours de la sociocritique. E´ dite´ par ANTHONY GLINOER. (¼ Texte: revue de critique et de the´orie litte´raire, 45/46). Toronto: E´ ditions Trintexte, 2009. 227 pp. Pb CAD $35.00

French Studies (2012) 66 (1): 125-126 doi:10.1093/fs/knr208