Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in the Serra de Mariola Natural Park, South-eastern Spain

The present study aims to inventory and analyse the ethnobotanical knowledge about medicinal plants in the Serra de Mariola Natural Park. In respect to traditional uses, 93 species reported by local informants were therapeutic, 27 food, 4 natural dyes and 13 handcrafts. We developed a methodology that allowed the location of individuals or vegetation communities with a specific popular use. We prepared a geographic information system (GIS) that included gender, family, scientific nomenclature and common names in Spanish and Catalan for each species. We also made a classification of 39 medicinal uses from ATC (Anatomical, Therapeutic, Chemical classification system). Labiatae (n=19), Compositae (n=9) and Leguminosae (n=6) were the families most represented among the plants used to different purposes in humans. Species with the most elevated cultural importance index (CI) values were Thymus vulgaris (CI=1.431), Rosmarinus officinalis (CI=1.415), Eryngium campestre (CI=1.325), Verbascum sinuatum (CI=1.106) and Sideritis angustifolia (CI=1.041). Thus, the collected plants with more therapeutic uses were: Lippia triphylla (12), Thymus vulgaris and Allium roseum (9) and Erygium campestre (8). The most repeated ATC uses were: G04 (urological use), D03 (treatment of wounds and ulcers) and R02 (throat diseases). These results were in a geographic map where each point represented an individual of any species. A database was created with the corresponding therapeutic uses. This application is useful for the identification of individuals and the selection of species for specific medicinal properties. In the end, knowledge of these useful plants may be interesting to revive the local economy and in some cases promote their cultivation.

Medicinal plants - prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review.

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets lead to significant economic losses in livestock husbandry. A high morbidity has been reported for diarrhea (calves ≤ 35 %; piglets ≤ 50 %) and for respiratory diseases (calves ≤ 80 %; piglets ≤ 40 %). Despite a highly diverse etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases, treatment with antimicrobials is often the first-line therapy. Multi-antimicrobial resistance in pathogens results in international accordance to strengthen the research in novel treatment options. Medicinal plants bear a potential as alternative or additional treatment. Based on the versatile effects of their plant specific multi-component-compositions, medicinal plants can potentially act as 'multi-target drugs'. Regarding the plurality of medicinal plants, the aim of this systematic review was to identify potential medicinal plant species for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases and for modulation of the immune system and inflammation in calves and piglets. RESULTS Based on nine initial sources including standard textbooks and European ethnoveterinary studies, a total of 223 medicinal plant species related to the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases was identified. A defined search strategy was established using the PRISMA statement to evaluate 30 medicinal plant species starting from 20'000 peer-reviewed articles published in the last 20 years (1994-2014). This strategy led to 418 references (257 in vitro, 84 in vivo and 77 clinical trials, thereof 48 clinical trials in veterinary medicine) to evaluate effects of medicinal plants and their efficacy in detail. The findings indicate that the most promising candidates for gastrointestinal diseases are Allium sativum L., Mentha x piperita L. and Salvia officinalis L.; for diseases of the respiratory tract Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Thymus vulgaris L. and Althea officinalis L. were found most promising, and Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Origanum vulgare L. were identified as best candidates for modulation of the immune system and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Several medicinal plants bear a potential for novel treatment strategies for young livestock. There is a need for further research focused on gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets, and the findings of this review provide a basis on plant selection for future studies.

Catalogue of medicinal plants and extracts : to which are affixed their most prominent medical properties : also essential oils, and double distilled fragrant waters /

Advertisements for "Compound fluid extract of Sarsaparilla" on p. [4] of wrapper.

American medical botany, being a collection of the native medicinal plants of the United States, containing their botanical history and chemical analysis, and properties and uses in medicine, diet and the arts, with coloured engravings ...

Issued in 6 parts.

An illustration of the genus Cinchona : comprising descriptions of all the officinal Peruvian barks, including several new species. Baron de Humboldt's Account of the Cinchona forests of South America, and Laubert's Memoir on the different speies of Quinquina. To which are added several dissertations of Don Hippolito Ruiz on various medicinal plants of South America ... And a short account of the spikenard of the ancients ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Vegetable materia medica of the United States; or Medical botany : containing a botanical, general, and medical history, of medicinal plants indigenous to the United States. Illustrated by coloured engravings, made after original drawings from nature /

"To subscribers" (note concerning errata in v. 1): l leaf, inserted at end of v. 2.

A new and compleat body of practical physic : from the medicinal plants of the vegetable kingdom : selected from some of the best authors : with useful observations and improvements, necessary regimen and diet, under all diseases. Embelished with beautiful copper-plates, colored to nature /

No more published.

Medical botany, or, illustrations and descriptions of the medicinal plants of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin pharmacopoeias : comprising a popular and scientific account of all those poisonous vegetables that are indigenous to Great Britain /

Mode of access: Internet.

The medical companion, or family physician; treating of the diseases of the United States, with their symptoms, causes, cure and means of prevention: common cases in surgery, as fractures, dislocations, &c. the management and diseases of women and children. A dispensatory, for preparing family medicine, and a glossary explaining technical terms. To which are added, a brief anatomy and physiology of the human body, shewing, on rational principles, the cause and cure of diseases: an essay on hygiene, or the art of preserving health, without the aid of medicine: an American materia medica, pointing out the virtues and doses of our medicinal plants. Also, the nurse's guide,

Mode of access: Internet.

Medical botany, or, Illustrations and descriptions of the medicinal plants of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin pharmacopœias : comprising a popular and scientific account of poisonous vegetables indigenous to Great Britain /

Mode of access: Internet.

A manual of botany, for the northern and middle states of America : containing generic and specific descriptions of the indigenous plants and common cultivated exotics, growing north of Virginia, to which is prefixed a grammar and vocabulary : also the natural orders of Linneus and of Jussieu, with the medicinal properties of each order /

Includes index.

American medicinal plants of commercial importance.

This publication is largely compiled from and supersedes the following publications on medical plants by the late Alice Henkel, published from 1904 to 1913: Farmers' bulletin no. 188, Weeds used in medicine; Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletins no. 107, American root drugs; No. 139, American medicinal barks; and No. 219, American medicinal leaves and herbs; Department Bulletin no. 26, American medicinal flowers, fruits, and seeds.

The medicinal plants of North America.

Mode of access: Internet.