混沌粒子群混合算法对微型永磁电机的优化设计

在电机的设计中,常常需要通过优化设计得到合理的电机结构尺寸和参数.电机的设计问题实质上是一种带约束的复杂的非线性连续函数优化问题.要得到一个满意的优化结果不仅要求算法具有较高的精度,而且要有快的收敛速度.提出一种新的混合算法对永磁电机的尺寸和整体结构进行优化设计.将混沌算法和粒子群算法相结合,以微型永磁电机为例,对槽形等多个变量进行优化,结果证明了算法的有效性和快速性,适合于同类问题求解.

海洋救助机器人用钕铁硼永磁直流电动机设计

为中科院沈阳自动化研究所机器人中心研制了海洋救助机器人推进器用钕铁硼永磁直流电动机.针对该电动机设计的特殊性,重点论述电动机功率、电压、转速及主要尺寸的确定方法,主磁极、换向器和电刷装置的设计方法,对电动机的结构特点、电磁性能和实验结果也作了介绍.

Liquid metal turbulent flow dynamics in a cylindrical container with free surface: experiment and numerical analysis

The liquid metal flow in induction crucible models is known to be unstable, turbulent and difficult to predict in the regime of medium frequencies when the electromagnetic skin-layer is of considerable extent. We present long term turbulent flow measurements by a permanent magnet incorporated potential difference velocity probe in a cylindrical container filled with eutectic melt In-Ga-Sn. The parallel numerical simulation of the long time scale development of the turbulent average flow is presented. The numerical flow model uses an implicit pseudo-spectral code and k-w turbulence model, which was recently developed for the transitional flow modelling. The results compare reasonably to the experiment and demonstrate the time development of the turbulent flow field and the turbulence energy.

Liquid metal turbulent flow dynamics in a cylindrical container with free surface: experiment and numerical analysis

The liquid metal flow in inducation crucible models is known to be higly unstable and turbutlen in the regim e of medium frequecies when the elctronmagnetic skin-layer is of considerable extent. We present long term turbulent flow measurements by a permanent magnet incorporated potential difference veolocity probe in a cylindirical container filled with eutecti mlt In-Ga-SN. The parallel numerical simulation of the long time scale development of the turbulen average flow is presented. The numerical lfow model uses a pseud-spectral code and k-w turbulence model, which was recently developed for the transitional flow modelling. The result compare reasonably to the experiment and demonstrate the time development of the turbulent flow field.

A novel trochoidal analyzer for the Belfast EBIT

Presently, Queens University Belfast is constructing a unique permanent magnet EBIT which grants unparalleled access to the photons from the trap region. However measurements of ions would still require their transfer through the collector to other measurement areas. To allow more representative sampling, a new in situ analyzer is proposed to be situated immediately at the collector end of the trap region. This analyzer may detect ions by expanding the radius of their cyclotron motion using electric fields until the ions strike Microsphere Plates (MSPs). It may also be possible by using trochoidal motion to detect product electrons. This is important as these have never been detected before in an EBIT. The preliminary design is described in this paper. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Application of citrate-stabilized gold-coated ferric oxide composite nanoparticles for biological separations

Gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized with size ranging from 15 to 40 nm using sodium citrates as the reducing agent. Oxidized magnetites (Fe3O4) fabricated by co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in strong alkaline solution were used as magnetic cores. The structures of gold (Au) shell and magnetic core (Au–Fe) were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum. Results from high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR XRD) show that the Au–Fe oxide nanoparticles have a face-centered cubic shape with the crystalline faces of {1 1 1}. The Au-coated magnetic nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at 528 nm. The nanoparticles are well dispersed in distilled water. A 3000 G permanent magnet was successfully used for the separation of the functionalized nanoparticles. Magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were determined by magnetic force microscope (MFM) in nanometric resolution and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Magnetic separation of biological molecules using Au-coated magnetic oxide composite nanoparticles was examined after attachment of protein immunoglobulin G (IgG) through electrostatic interactions. Using this method, separation was achieved with a maximum yield of 35% at an IgG concentration of 400 ng/ml.

Simulation of the magnetic induction vector of a magnetic core to be used in FFC NMR relaxometry

This paper is a contribution for the assessment and comparison of magnet properties based on magnetic field characteristics particularly concerning the magnetic induction uniformity in the air gaps. For this aim, a solver was developed and implemented to determine the magnetic field of a magnetic core to be used in Fast Field Cycling (FFC) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry. The electromagnetic field computation is based on a 2D finite-element method (FEM) using both the scalar and the vector potential formulation. Results for the magnetic field lines and the magnetic induction vector in the air gap are presented. The target magnetic induction is 0.2 T, which is a typical requirement of the FFC NMR technique, which can be achieved with a magnetic core based on permanent magnets or coils. In addition, this application requires high magnetic induction uniformity. To achieve this goal, a solution including superconducting pieces is analyzed. Results are compared with a different FEM program.

Emulação de um motor de combustão interna através de um acionamento eletromecânico de velocidade variável utilizando um motor de indução trifásico

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de Energia

Design and Analysis of Zero Cogging Brushless DC Motor for Spacecraft Applications

This paper presents the optimal design of a sur- face mounted permanent magnet Brushless DC mo- tor (PMBLDC) meant for spacecraft applications. The spacecraft applications requires the choice of a torques motor with high torque density, minimum cogging torque, better positional stability and high torque to inertia ratio. Performance of two types of machine con¯gurations viz Slotted PMBLDC and Slotless PMBLDC with halbach array are compared with the help of analytical and FE methods. It is found that unlike a Slotted PMBLDC motor, the Slotless type with halbach array develops zero cogging torque without reduction in the developed torque. Moreover, the machine being coreless provides high torque to inertia ratio and zero magnetic stiction

A Novel Slotless PMBLDC Motor for Precise Positioning Applications

This paper presents the design and analysis of a novel machine family of Siotiess Permanent Magnet Brushless DC motors (PMBLDC) for precise positioning applications of spacecrafts. Initial design, selection of major parameters and air gap magnetic flux density are estimated using the analytical model of the machine. The proportion of the halbach array in the machine was optimized using FE to obtain near trapezoidal flux pattern. The novel machine topology is found to deliver high torque density, high efficiency, zero cogging torque, better positional stability, high torque to inertia ratio and zero magnetic stiction suiting space requirements. The machine provides uniform air gap flux density along the radius thus avoiding circulating currents in stator conductors and hence reducing torque ripple

On the catalytic hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into less toxic compounds by a facile recoverable catalyst

Here we present the catalytic hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to less toxic mixtures of saturated and partial unsaturated polycyclic hydrocarbons under mild reaction conditions using a magnetically recoverable rhodium catalyst and molecular hydrogen as the exclusive H source. The catalyst is easily recovered after each reaction by placing a permanent magnet on the reactor wall and it can be reused in successive runs without any significant loss of catalytic activity. As an example, anthracene was totally converted into the saturated polycyclic hydrocarbon form (ca. 60%) and the partially hydrogenated form, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene (ca. 40%). The catalyst operates in a broad range of temperature and H(2) pressure in both organic and aqueous/organic solutions of anthracene and it also exhibits significant activity at low substrate concentrations (20 ppm). This can be an efficient recycling process for hydrogenation of PAHs present in contaminated fluid waste streams. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Obtenção de nanopartículas de hexaferrita de bário pelo método pechini

In this study barium hexaferrite was (general formulae BaFe12O19) was synthesized by the Pechini method under different conditions of heat treatment. Precursors like barium carbonate and iron nitrate were used. These magnetic ceramic, with magnetoplumbite type structure, are widely used as permanent magnet because of its excellent magnetic properties, such as: high Curie temperature, good magnetic anisotropy, high coercivity and corrosion resistance. The samples were characterized by thermal analysis (DTA and TG), X- ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) end Vibrating sample Magnetometer (VSM). The results confirm the expected phase, which was reinforced according to our analysis. A single phase powder at relatively high temperatures with particle sizes around 100 nm was obtained. The characteristic magnetic behavior one of the phases has been noted (probably superparamagnetic material), while another phase was identified as a ferrimagnetic material. The ferrimagnetic phase showed vortex configuration with two central and slightly inclined plateaus. In general, increase of heat treatment temperature and time, directly influenced the technological properties of the samples

Comparação entre modelos equivalentes de aerogeradores síncronos utilizando o programa ATP

At present, the electricity generation through wind energy has an importance growing in the world, with the existence of very large plans for future wind power installation worldwide. Thus, the increasing the electricity generation through wind power requires, more and more, analysis of studies of interaction between wind parks and electric power systems. This paper has as purposes to implement equivalent models for synchronous wind generators to represent a wind park in ATP program and to check behavior of the models through simulations. Simulations with applications of faults were achieved to evaluate the behavior of voltages of system for each equivalent model, through comparisons between the results of models proposed, to verify if the differences obtained allows the adoption of the simplest model

Desacoplamento de um gerador síncrono através de um controle adaptativo por modelo de referência baseado em funções de Base radial

An alternative nonlinear technique for decoupling and control is presented. This technique is based on a RBF (Radial Basis Functions) neural network and it is applied to the synchronous generator model. The synchronous generator is a coupled system, in other words, a change at one input variable of the system, changes more than one output. The RBF network will perform the decoupling, separating the control of the following outputs variables: the load angle and flux linkage in the field winding. This technique does not require knowledge of the system parameters and, due the nature of radial basis functions, it shows itself stable to parametric uncertainties, disturbances and simpler when it is applied in control. The RBF decoupler is designed in this work for decouple a nonlinear MIMO system with two inputs and two outputs. The weights between hidden and output layer are modified online, using an adaptive law in real time. The adaptive law is developed by Lyapunov s Method. A decoupling adaptive controller uses the errors between system outputs and model outputs, and filtered outputs of the system to produce control signals. The RBF network forces each outputs of generator to behave like reference model. When the RBF approaches adequately control signals, the system decoupling is achieved. A mathematical proof and analysis are showed. Simulations are presented to show the performance and robustness of the RBF network

Regulador automático de tensão robusto utilizando técnicas de controle adaptativo

The stability of synchronous generators connected to power grid has been the object of study and research for years. The interest in this matter is justified by the fact that much of the electricity produced worldwide is obtained with the use of synchronous generators. In this respect, studies have been proposed using conventional and unconventional control techniques such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, and adaptive controllers to increase the stabilitymargin of the systemduring sudden failures and transient disturbances. Thismaster thesis presents a robust unconventional control strategy for maintaining the stability of power systems and regulation of output voltage of synchronous generators connected to the grid. The proposed control strategy comprises the integration of a sliding surface with a linear controller. This control structure is designed to prevent the power system losing synchronism after a sudden failure and regulation of the terminal voltage of the generator after the fault. The feasibility of the proposed control strategy was experimentally tested in a salient pole synchronous generator of 5 kVA in a laboratory structure