Production under glass : working conditions and class-consciousness of the Niagara greenhouse workers

This study applies a Marxist theoretical paradigm to examine the working conditions of greenhouse workers in the Niagara Region, and the range of factors that bear upon the formation of their class-consciousness. The Niagara greenhouse industry represents one of the most developed horticultural regions in Canada and plays a prominent role in the local economy. The industry generates substantial revenues and employs a significant number of people, yet the greenhouse workers are paid one of the lowest rates in the region. Being classified as agricultural workers, the greenhouse employees are exempted from many provisions of federal and provincial labour regulations. Under the current provincial statutes, agricultural workers in Ontario are denied the right to organize and bargain collectively. Except for a few technical and managerial positions, the greenhouse industry employs mostly low-skilled workers who are subjected to poor working conditions that stem from the employer's attempts to adapt to larger structural imperatives of the capitalist economy. While subjected to these poor working conditions, the greenhouse workers are also affected by objectively alienated social relations and by ruling class ideological domination and hegemony. These two sets of factors arise from the inherent conflict of interests between wage-labour and capital but also militate against the development of class-consciousness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 greenhouse workers to examine the role played by their material circumstances in the formulation of their social and political views as well as the extent to which they are aware of their class location and class interests. The hegemonic notions of 'common sense' acted as impediments to formation of classconsciousness. The greenhouse workers have virtually no opportunities to access alternative perspectives that would address the issues associated with exploitation in production and offer solutions leading to 'social justice'. Fonnidable challenges confront any organized political body seeking to improve the conditions of the working people.

Selected aspects of common tern reproductive biology

Several factors influencing reproductive success were investigated at a Common Tern colony at Port Colborne, Ontario in 1976. In general three egg clutches hatched better than two egg clutches and early started clutches hatched eggs and fledged chicks better than late clutches; the fledging success of two and three egg clutches was similar. Early clutches took longer to hatch and hatched more synchronously than did late clutches. While hatching success differed with nesting substrate used fledging success' did not* No relationship was found between either incubation attentiveness and reproductive success or between incubation attentiveness and clutch size* At no time did food availability appear to be a factor limiting the successful upbringing of two chick broods. While fCf chicks (i.e. chicks hatching from the last laid eggs of three egg clutches) generally survived and grew poorly relative to their brood mates they grew best when they originated from clutches that hatched relatively asynchronously.

Foraging ecology and parental care of common terns (Sterna hirundo) nesting in Windermere Basin, Lake Ontario

The relationships among chick feeding, size and type of prey item, and foraging time away from the brood have not been well studied in seabirds. This study investigated spatial and temporal patterns of foraging and chick-provisioning among 23 radio-tagged male common terns nesting at Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario during 1991 and 1992. Telemetry data were collected concurrently with behavioural observations from an elevated blind. Terns fitted with transmitters did not differ from controls with respect to either brood attendance, patterns of chick mortality, species and size distributions of prey delivered to offspring, or chick-provisioning rates. There was a clear separation of parental roles: males were primarily responsible for feeding chicks while females allocated more time to brood attendance. The prey species most commonly delivered to chicks by adults were rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and alewife (A/osa pseudoharengus), followed in importance by larval fish, emerald shiner (Notropis antherinoides), salmonids, and fathead minnows (Pimepha/es prome/as). The relative proportions of various fish speCies delivered to chicks by males differed over the course of each breeding season, and there was also much variability in species composition of prey between years. Sizes of prey delivered to chicks also differed between sampling periods. The modal size of fish brought to chicks during Peak 1991 was 1.5 bill lengths, while the majority of prey in Late 1991 were small larval fish. The reverse trend occurred in 1992 when small fish were delivered to chicks predominantly during the Peak nesting period. During periods when predominantly small fish were delivered to chicks, the foraging activity of radio-tagged males was concentrated within a two kilometer radius of the colony. The observed variation in prey composition and foraging locations during the study likely reflects temporal variation in the availability of prey in the vicinity of the colony. Males delivered fish to chicks at a constant rate, while females 4 increased their feeding frequency over the first six to ten brood days. The mean length of fish delivered to chicks by adults increased significantly with increasing chick age. As a group, within each nesting period, transmittered males either foraged predominantly in the same directional bearing (north during Peak 1991, south during Late 1992), or concentrated foraging activity in the immediate vicinity of the colony (Late 1991, Peak 1992). However, individual radio-tagged males exhibited unique and predictable foraging patterns, often favouring specific locations within these areas and differing in their secondary foraging patterns. Overall, the Lake Ontario shoreline between NCB Bay" (3.5 km south of colony) and the lift bridge canal (4 km north of colony) was the foraging area used most frequently by radiotagged males during the chick-rearing period. Foraging patterns of transmittered males at Windermere Basin are similar to patterns of peak-nesting common terns, but differ from those of late-nesters, at a nearby colony (Port Colborne, Lake Erie). Differences between the foraging patterns of late-nesting terns at these colonies likely reflect differences in annual patterns of fish availability between the two locations. No relationship was found between foraging proficiency of adults and survival of offspring. Stochastic factors, such as predation by black-crowned nightherons (Nycticorax nycticorax) and adverse weather conditions during the early stages of chick rearing, may be more important determinants of common tern breeding success than parental quality or fish availability.

The formation of conscience : pedagogy of the sacred

This qualitative study explores Thomas Green's (1999) treatise, Voices: The Educational Formation of Conscience; for the purpose of reconstruing the transformative usefulness of conscience in moral education. Conscience is "reflexive judgment about things that matter" (Green, 1999, p. 21). Paul Lehmann (1963) suggested that we must "do the conscience over or do the conscience in" (p. 327). Thomas Green "does the conscience over", arguing that a philosophy of moral education, and not a moral philosophy, provides the only framework from which governance of moral behaviour can be understood. Narratives from four one-to-one interviews and a focus group are analysed and interpreted in search of: (a) awareness and understanding of conscience, (b) voices of conscience, (c) normation, (d) reflexive emotions, and (e) the idea of the sacred. Participants in this study (ages 16-21) demonstrated an active awareness of their conscience and a willingness to engage in a reflective process of their moral behaviour. They understood their conscience to be a process of self-judgment about what is right and wrong, and that its authority comes from within themselves. Narrative accounts from childhood indicated that conscience is there "from the beginning" with evidence of selfcorrecting behaviour. A maturing conscience is accompanied by an increased cognitive capacity, more complicated life experiences, and individualization. Moral motivation was grounded in " a desire to connect with things that are most important." A model for conscience formation is proposed, which visualizes a critical path of reflexive emotions. It is argued that schools, striving to shape good citizens, can promote conscience formation through a "curriculum of moral skills"; a curriculum that embraces complexity, diversity, social criticism, and selfhood.

The Book of Common Prayer Canada

The book of Common Prayer Canada is bound in soft leather. This book contains 2 book plates from St. George's Church, St. Catharines. The first one says that Margaret Julia Band was confirmed April 17, 1935 and had her first communion April 21, 1935. The second one says that Percy Caruthers Band was confirmed April 8, 1936 and received first communion April 12, 1936. There is also an inscription which reads "To Margaret from her mother, April the 21st, 1935, St. Catharines. The full text is available in the Brock University Special Collections and Archives.

Familiar Science of The Scientific Explanation of Common Things

There is a signature on this book that reads "Julia Cleveland 22 East-8 Street, Erie Penna."

Certificate for Five Shares of Common Stock in Lincoln Manufacturing Company Limited

Certificate for 5 shares of common stock in Lincoln Manufacturing Company Limited to Hamilton K. Woodruff, April 10, 1923.

Certificate for Twenty-Five Shares of Common Stock in Lincoln Manufacturing Company, Limited

Certificate for 25 shares of common in Lincoln Manufacturing Company Limited to Hamilton K. Woodruff, April 14, 1923.

Certificate for Two Shares of Common Stock in English Inns Limited

Certificate for 2 shares of common stock in English Inns Limited to Hamilton K. Woodruff, Aug. 1, 1929.

Certificate for Two Shares of Common Shares in English Inns Limited

Certificate for 2 shares of common shares in English Inns Limited to Hamilton K. Woodruff, Aug. 29, 1929.

Private Storage of Common Property

This paper examines a characteristic of common property problems unmodeled in the published literature: Extracted common reserves are aften stored privately rather than immediately. We examine the positive and normative effects of such storage.

Appreciation of humor sense in college students

Appreciation of humor includes several cognitive and social processes. None can say that two communities will laugh at the same jokes and find funny the same humorous content. This study worked differences in humor appreciation of university students and comparisons were made between sex and age of participants. To assess the appreciation of humor was built an instrument with 15 written jokes. This instrument was presented to a total sample of 81 students, divided into 3 groups of different age. Participants had to evaluate two aspects: the playfulness and the difficulty of each stimulus or humorous vignette. The jokes that showed significant differences in jocularity have a particular structure marked for a disqualifying content to men, indicating, as noted the literature, that men have more fun with sexual humor and prefers this kind of jokes as well as content related to aggressive or hostile, while women have more fun with humorous vignettes when the man is the victim and reject more when the victim is a woman. In terms of age and the appreciation of humor, there are differences in the type of situations and social contexts valued in the jokes, involving relationship between situational and social aspects of humor.

Academic and professional writing in English : a study in the pedagogy of second language writing for Spanish university students.

Abarcar la enseñanza de la redacción en inglés como segunda lengua para fines académicos y profesionales en la universidad española. En primer lugar, se establece un marco teórico para la pedagogía de la redacción a base del entendimiento del texto escrito como nexo en una red compleja de relaciones sociales y negociaciones culturales. Luego se lleva a cabo un estudio de la práctica de la redacción en el contexto de la universidad española, con un análisis a fondo de los escritores y sus actitudes y expectativas, por un lado, y sus textos (un ensayo y un informe), por otro. Se analizan los textos usando técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. A partir de este estudio inicial, se diseña un proyecto de investigación-acción, en el que dos grupos paralelos de alumnos siguen dos programas diferentes en que se plasman dos aproximaciones distintas a la pedagogía de la redacción: el análisis textual, siguiendo la tradición del inglés para fines específicos y la escuela del género, y el análisis contextual, influenciado por los planteamientos y los procedimientos de la nueva retórica. Los textos resultantes son analizados mediante unas escalas detalladas de evaluación desarrolladas a base de los resultados del primer estudio. Los resultados de los dos programas son positivos, aunque el grupo de análisis contextual demuestra una mejora superior. Para concluir, se esboza una serie de principios que deberán servir de guía para el diseño de los futuros programas de redacción para universitarios españoles.

Assessing student learning : a common sense guide.

Ante la creciente demanda de mejora y responsabilidad educativa en las instituciones de enseñanza, el libro ofrece, a profesores universitarios y administradores, una guía práctica para la evaluación del aprendizaje de los alumnos en sus instituciones. Contiene temas clave como la promoción de una cultura de evaluación, características de una buena evaluación, destinatarios de la evaluación, organización y coordinación, actitudes y valores a evaluar, establecimiento de estándares y parámetros, y uso de los resultados para la mejora de la enseñanza, el aprendizaje, la planificación y la toma de decisiones.

Being, becoming and breaking-free : Peter Mclaren and the Pedagogy of Liberation. 'Ser libre, actuar con libertad y liberarse : Peter Mclaren y la pedagogía de la liberación'.

Monográfico con el título: 'Pedagogía crítica del S. XXI'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación