Perceived gender differences in STEM learning in the middle school

Women are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) university coursework, reflecting long-standing gender issues that have existed in core middle-school STEM subject areas. Using data from a survey and written responses, we report on findings following the introduction of engineering education in middle school classes across three schools (grade level 7, n=122). The engineering experiences fused science, technology and mathematics concepts. The survey revealed higher percentages for girls than boys in 13 of the 24 items; however there were six items with a 20% difference in their perceptions about learning in STEM. For instance, despite girls recording that they have been provided equal or more opportunities than boys in STEM, they believed they do not do as well as boys (80% boys, 48% girls) or want to seek a career in STEM (39% boys, 17% girls). The written responses revealed gender differences across a number of themes in the students’ responses, including resources, group work, the nature and type of learning experiences, content knowledge, and teachers’ instructional style. Exposing students to STEM education facilitates an awareness of their learning and may assist girls to consider studying STEM subjects or STEM careers.

Parsing the Australian curriculum English : grammar, multimodality and cross-cultural texts

The release of the Australian Curriculum English (ACE) by the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) has revived debates about the role of grammar as English content knowledge. We consider some of the discussion circulating in the mainstream media vis-à-vis the intent of the ACE. We conclude that this curriculum draws upon the complementary tenets of traditional Latin-based grammar and systemic functional linguistics across the three strands of Language, Literature and Literacy in innovative ways. We argue that such an approach is necessary for working with contemporary multimodal and cross-cultural texts. To demonstrate the utility of this new approach, we draw out a set of learning outcomes from Year 6 and then map out a framework for relating the outcomes to the form and function of multimodal language. As a case in point, our analysis is of two online Coca-Cola advertising texts, one each from South Korea and Australia.

Teamwork in first year law units : can it work?

Since the 1980s, higher education in Australia has undergone significant change which has led to the belief that universities should cultivate students’ generic skills and attributes. For example, Achieving Quality states that generic skills ‘should represent the central achievements of higher education as a process’ (Higher Education Council, 1992, p 20). The CALD Standards for Australian Law Schools also recognise that tertiary curricula should ‘seek to develop knowledge, understanding, skills, and values’ (Council of Australian Law Deans, 2009, [2.3]. See also AQF Council, 2010, pp 32-5, 40-2; AQF Council, 2011, p 45-50). This more instrumentalist view of education is similarly exhibited by students (Saulwick and Muller, 2006, pp 7, 34). No longer does the modern graduate expect their university degree to equip them solely with the content knowledge of their discipline, but also with the skills and attributes relevant to their career and prospective employment.

Australia at the crossroads : a review of school science practical work

In Australia we are at a crossroad in science education. We have come from a long history of adopting international curricula, through to blending international and Australian developed materials, to the present which is a thoroughly unique Australian curriculum in science. This paper documents Australia’s journey over the past 200 years, as we prepare for the unveiling of our first truly Australian National Curriculum. One of the unique aspects of this curriculum is the emphasis on practical work and inquiry-based learning. This paper identifies seven forms of practical work currently used in Australian schools and the purposes aligned with each form by 138 pre-service and experienced in-service teachers. The paper explores the question “What does the impending national curriculum, with its emphasis on practical inquiry mean to the teachers now, are they ready?” The study suggests that practical work in Australian schools is multifaceted, and the teacher aligned purposes are dependent not only upon the age of the student, but also on the type of practical work being undertaken. It was found that most teachers are not ready to teach using inquiry-based pedagogy and cite lack of content knowledge, behaviour management, and lack of physical resources and availability of classroom space as key issues which will hinder their implementation of the inquiry component of Australia’s pending curriculum in science.

Skill development and social inclusion via peer assisted learning in first-year higher education : an evaluation of student experiences across two law units

Because professions seek graduates who can 'collaborate, share skills and knowledge, and communicate' (Kruck and Reif, 2001, p 37), it is important that university graduates are not equipped solely with the content knowledge of their discipline, but also with prospective employment skills. Furthermore, when students 'interact more in positive ways with their teachers and peers, they gain more in terms of essential skills and competencies, such as critical thinking, problem~solving [and] effective communication' (NSSE, 2000, p 2)./n this way, peer assisted fellowing has the potential to enhance students' professional development, and provide the social inclusion and engagement necessary for effective learning. This session describes two peer assisted learning models embedded within first year QUT Faculty of Law units. Through a partnership between teaching staff, student mentors and mentees, the models aim to facilitate student socialisation whilst supplementing understanding of substantive law with the development of academic and work·related skills. Mentor and mentee perceptions, and program implications, are considered.

Desirable attributes and practices for mentees : mentor teachers' expectations

Research indicates attributes and practices for mentor teachers that can be used for effective mentoring. Universities provide guidelines for preservice teacher (mentee) engagement in schools generally from anecdotal evidence, however, what are desirable attributes and practices for mentees? This qualitative study gathers data from 25 mentor teachers through extended response questionnaire and audio-recorded focus group discussions about attributes and practices for mentees. Findings showed that desirable attributes for mentees included: enthusiasm, being personable, commitment to children, lifelong learning/love of learning, open/reflective to feedback, develop resilience, and taking responsibility for their learning, while desirable practices included: planned and preparation for teaching, reflective practices, understanding school and university policies, knowing students for differentiated learning, and building a teaching repertoire (e.g. teaching strategies, behaviour management, content knowledge, and questioning skills). Preservice teachers need to consider teachers’ suggestions on desirable attributes and practices that can help them achieve positive teaching experiences.

Skill development in first year law students : an evaluation of peer assisted learning across two law units

Universities no longer equip graduates solely with the content knowledge of their discipline, but also with prospective employment skills. Professions also seek graduates who can ‘collaborate, share skills and knowledge, and communicate their ideas effectively’ (Kruck and Reif, 2001, p 37). However, as admission to university does not always guarantee that one is well equipped for the task, first year students also need guidance in the development of academic skills. This session describes two models of peer assisted learning embedded within the Torts and Legal Foundations B units at the Faculty of Law, Queensland University of Technology, and how they are used to supplement student understanding of substantive law with the development of academic and work-related skills. Student perceptions of the programs developed are considered, together with the challenges faced. Session participants will be asked to contribute to a discussion of these challenges and to offer ideas on their redress.

Mentors’ and mentees’ views about desirable attributes and practices for preservice teachers

Universities provide preservice teachers (mentees) with directions on how to engage within their school placements, yet mentees have ongoing concerns about how to interact with their mentors. What are desirable attributes and practices for preservice teachers in their roles as mentees? This qualitative study gathers data from primary and secondary Australian teachers (n=25) through extended response questionnaire and audio-recorded focus group discussions, and preservice teachers (n=10) using audio-recorded interviews at the conclusion of their four-week practicum. Findings indicated that mentors had clear views on desirable attributes (e.g., enthusiasm, commitment, resilience) and practices (e.g., planning, preparation, building a teaching repertoire) for mentees; whereas mentees had varying views on identifying such attributes and practices and did not refer to: content knowledge, differentiation, and knowing school and university policies. This showed that mentees need more guidance for focusing on specific attributes and practices to benefit the mentoring relationship and their teaching development.

Topeliaaninen usko : Kirjailija Sakari Topelius uskontokasvattajana

ABSTRACT The author Zacharias Topelius as a religious educator The present study concerns the author Zacharias Topelius (1818-98) as a religious educator. The study´s main questions are as follows: What is the theological and pedagogical content of Topelius books and how is his religious instruction linked with the history of his time. The primary sources are his educational books Naturens bok (The Book of the Nature, 1856), Boken om vårt land (The Book of our Land, 1875) and Evangelium för Barnen (Gospel for Children, 1893), as well as his storybooks Läsning för barn I-VIII (Reading for Children I-VIII, 1865-96). The dissertation concerns the his-tory of religious education. Its primary method is background-based systematic analy-sis. In Topelius children s books the view of God is characterised both as an omnipresent spirit and as Providence, who guides world history according to his plan. In addition to Lutheranism this view is also influenced by Nationalism and Romanticism. The theological content of the books emphasises instruction in Christian life that is natural to normative children s books. Topelius strongly expresses the importance of a personal relationship to God, an idealistic Christian view of one s fellow man and of one s own nation as well as the value of nature conservation. The books of Topelius were some of the first educational works on nature preservation in Finland. The didactic quality of Topelius children s books was high for 19th century Finland. Their main emphasis in terms of educational goals is on civilisation (Bildung), self-awareness, national solidarity and living idealism. The pedagogical argumentation is mostly based on theological, historical, social and rational reasoning. The primary principles in Topelius teaching are Christian nationalism, idealistic harmony and the agrarian bourgeois. Christian nationalism is the main element of Topelius religious education. He considers the fatherland as a God-given project and the taking care of it as a part of holy service. Idealistic harmony is seen as the comprehensive development of one s character in the sense of romantic idealism. The agrarian bourgeois principle combines the Finnish peasant tradition with the values of 19th century modern bourgeois culture. I have named Topelius vision of religious education the Christian national project of civilisation (Bildung). Its main theses are home, religion and fatherland. The author himself strongly believed in this vision and never questioned it despite its national chauvinism and theological inconsistency. The religious ideology represented in Topelius educational works and storybooks was popular among pedagogues during the whole era of the Finnish folk school. It fit per-fectly with the Christian national discourse stemming from 19th century ideological ten-dencies. Due to their appropriate content combined with their practical language and pedagogical methods, the books were popular both at school and in the home for a long period of time. Therefore the books of Topelius aptly symbolise the religious education of their time and manifest their author s pedagogical talent as a national religious educator and as a populariser of Christian nationalism. Topelius books have had a lasting influence on Finnish religiosity. Key words: Topelius, theology, religion, education, nationalism and national project

La Web Semántica y los archivos de televisión: estado de la cuestión

Se analizan y describen las principales líneas de trabajo de la Web Semántica en el ámbito de los archivos de televisión. Para ello, se analiza y contextualiza la web semántica desde una perspectiva general para posteriormente analizar las principales iniciativas que trabajan con lo audiovisual: Proyecto MuNCH, Proyecto S5T, Semantic Television y VideoActive.

Desenvolvimento profissional de professores de ciências: um estudo no contexto da geologia

Os grandes desafios colocados à educação têm vindo a dar centralidade à formação dos professores. O presente estudo pretende ser uma contribuição para o desenvolvimento profissional de professores (DPP) de ciências na sociedade atual. Trata-se de uma investigação em supervisão da formação, mais especificamente, na supervisão da formação de professores em didática das ciências. Insere-se na formação contínua e reflete preocupações que se prendem com saberes profissionais dos professores de ciências num contexto da educação em geociências no ensino secundário. Foi concebido, implementado e avaliado um programa de formação (PF), integrado num percurso de desenvolvimento profissional, que contemplou uma abordagem multidisciplinar de natureza ciência-tecnologia-sociedade (CTS). Valorizaram-se os ambientes exteriores à sala de aula (AESA), bem como a avaliação do seu impacte no DPP, no final do PF e, também, no final do ano letivo seguinte. O estudo integrou três fases: aprofundamento do quadro teórico que contextualiza a investigação (Fase I); conceção, implementação e avaliação do PF (Fase II); elaboração de linhas orientadoras para o DPP de ciências e redação do trabalho final (Fase III). Na Fase I foi aprofundado o quadro teórico que enquadrou e sustentou o estudo realizado, fundamentando as opções tomadas nas fases subsequentes. Foram relevadas temáticas como o conhecimento profissional e o desenvolvimento profissional docente, a formação contínua e a supervisão da formação, a educação em geociências e o seu contributo para a formação científica do cidadão numa perspetiva CTS. A avaliação das aprendizagens, de uma forma especial em AESA, bem como as dificuldades inerentes ao nível da sua integração curricular foi abordada. Na Fase II, foi concebido um PF, sustentado em indicadores da investigação, que assentou numa matriz multidisciplinar, de natureza CTS, o qual valorizou os AESA. Na modalidade de oficina de formação, o PF decorreu ao longo do ano letivo 2010/2011, teve a duração de cinquenta horas presenciais - em ambientes de aprendizagem diversos - e cinquenta não presenciais e foi frequentado por dezasseis professores do grupo 520, pertencentes a dez escolas diferentes. Na primeira sessão, foi administrado um questionário aos professores para diagnosticar as suas conceções sobre o ensino das ciências desenvolvido numa matriz CTS e em AESA. Os indicadores obtidos mostram que a maior parte dos professores não desenvolve atividades daquela natureza e que as realizadas são pouco exigentes do ponto de vista cognitivo. Foi igualmente reconhecido que a implementação deste tipo de atividades necessita de conhecimentos de outras áreas do saber e de materiais de apoio, e, ainda, que a formação inicial é insuficiente. Esta fase terminou com a avaliação das perceções sobre o impacte do programa de formação no DPP e na melhoria das práticas de formação contínua de professores de ciências. Os indicadores obtidos revelam que o percurso formativo contribuiu para: − o desenvolvimento do conhecimento profissional dos participantes, ao nível dos saberes associados à exploração, transformação e utilização dos recursos geológicos e das implicações sociais e ambientais associadas e, também, do conhecimento didático acerca do ensino das ciências nos contextos aqui considerados, bem como da avaliação das aprendizagens; − a construção de materiais didáticos específicos, que os professores reconhecem que promovem a aprendizagem contextualizada, a integração de saberes, o desenvolvimento de competências (conceptuais, procedimentais e atitudinais), a avaliação das aprendizagens integrada, permitindo, ainda, atingir os objetivos educacionais previstos no programa da disciplina e motivar os alunos para a aprendizagem da geologia; − a modificação de algumas práticas pedagógicas, ao nível da utilização curricular da perspetiva CTS nos ambientes aqui estudados, com destaque para a respetiva avaliação dos alunos; − o desenvolvimento de capacidades necessárias ao trabalho colaborativo e da capacidade reflexiva dos professores participantes; − a identificação de potencialidades no PF implementado, ao nível da organização, da metodologia e da supervisão da formação. Na Fase III, as conclusões obtidas levaram à apresentação de linhas orientadoras para o DPP de ciências, ao nível da formação contínua de professores, da supervisão da formação e do ensino e aprendizagem das ciências. Considera-se que as propostas referidas, ao alterarem as práticas vigentes, podem contribuir para aproximar a prática letiva dos professores de ciências da investigação em didática e, assim, para a melhoria da qualidade das aprendizagens dos alunos.

De la pédagogie dans les manuels de traduction : analyse comparative des manuels anglais-français publiés en Amérique du Nord et en Europe depuis 1992

Ce mémoire vise à mettre en parallèle les recherches réalisées par les traductologues spécialisés en pédagogie et le contenu des manuels conçus pour l’enseignement professionnel de la traduction. Il a pour objet l’analyse des manuels de formation à la traduction pragmatique (générale ou spécialisée) de l’anglais vers le français publiés en Amérique du Nord et en Europe depuis 1992. Dans cette recherche, l’examen des principales approches en enseignement de la traduction a d’abord permis de dégager un ensemble de propositions pédagogiques. Celles-ci ont été regroupées pour former un noyau conceptuel dont certaines composantes sont à la base d’une définition du contenu pédagogique des ouvrages et ont servi de critères d’analyse pour les manuels recensés. Le noyau conceptuel employé pour l’analyse des ouvrages pourra éventuellement être utile dans le cadre de recherches portant sur les manuels conçus pour l’enseignement de la traduction dans d’autres paires de langues. L’analyse comparative des ouvrages recensés a permis de son côté de brosser un portrait actuel du manuel de traduction professionnelle tout en mettant en évidence les aspects du contenu pédagogique qui pourraient être exploités davantage dans la prochaine génération de manuels de traduction. L’étude donne également une idée du nombre de manuels offerts sur les marchés nord-américain et européen qui sont destinés aux apprenants de la traduction professionnelle. En plus de préciser la place qu’occupent les manuels de traduction au sein de la traductologie, les observations fournies dans cette étude constituent des pistes de réflexion pour la confection de nouveaux outils pédagogiques adaptés à la formation universitaire des futurs traducteurs de métier.

El conocimiento del profesorado necesario para una educación matemática continua.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Using problem-based learning for introducing producer theory and market structure in intermediate microeconomics

This paper shows how instructors can use the problem‐based learning method to introduce producer theory and market structure in intermediate microeconomics courses. The paper proposes a framework where different decision problems are presented to students, who are asked to imagine that they are the managers of a firm who need to solve a problem in a particular business setting. In this setting, the instructors’ role is to provide both guidance to facilitate student learning and content knowledge on a just‐in‐time basis

Exploring creative music making as a vehicle for integrated teaching and learning

The arts have evolved with each society as a means of consolidating cultural and social identity and connecting past with future generations (Russell-Bowie, 2006, p3). Situating the arts within a broader interdisciplinary curriculum, we believe, allows students to discover and explore social issues and their relevance to students' contemporary lives. We argue that creative music making through composition promotes a deeper and more personally relevant teaching and learning experience for teacher education students, particularly when situated within an interdisciplinary framework.

The challenge for us as teacher educators' is to prepare pre-service teachers for both disciplinary and interdisciplinary learning as is required by the Victorian Essential Learning Standards (VELS). At Deakin University, in the Bachelor of Teaching (Primary/Secondary) Degree, the postgraduate unit called Humanities, Societies and Environments; Language and Music Education adopts an interdisciplinary pedagogy that encourages students to learn from each other, share content knowledge and make links between and across VELS domains.

In this paper we reflect on the possibilities exploring of creative music making to enhance the teaching and learning of social education, with particular reference to issues of environmental change. Specifically, we reflect on non-music specialist students' experiences in Semester 1, 2008 using Jeannie Baker's book Window (1991) as a platform to deliberate about the impact of urbanisation on the environment. Through dramatisation and a sonic environment students were able to both further conceptualise issues of social change and their understandings of the power of integrating music across other VELS domains.