Wave-front analysis method of circular aperture sampling for collimation testing

A new type of wave-front analysis method for the collimation testing of laser beams is proposed. A concept of wave-front height is defined, and, on this basis, the wave-front analysis method of circular aperture sampling is introduced. The wave-front height of the tested noncollimated wave can be estimated from the distance between two identical fiducial diffraction planes of the sampled wave, and then the divergence is determined. The design is detailed, and the experiment is demonstrated. The principle and experiment results of the method are presented. Owing to the simplicity of the method and its low cost, it is a promising method for checking the collimation of a laser beam with a large divergence. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Análisis comparativo de traducciones comerciales en medios audiovisuales. Subtitulado II. "El club de los poetas muertos".

El presente trabajo de fin de grado se centra en el estudio descriptivo-comparativo de los subtítulos en español y los de la versión original inglesa del largometraje cinematográfico El club de los poetas muertos (1989), además de sus correspondientes versiones dobladas. Una vez abordada la cuestión de la selección del material objeto de estudio, se trata el proceso de recopilación del corpus textual (23 000 palabras; 1800 subtítulos originales y 1633 en español), haciendo especial hincapié en las herramientas informáticas utilizadas para la extracción de los subtítulos, tanto originales como traducidos al castellano, desde una copia DVD. Posteriormente se ha organizado dicho corpus en una tabla, generando así unidades bitextuales comparables. Los resultados que se presentan en este TFG nacen del análisis y clasificación de los procedimientos de traducción observados tras la comparación de dichas unidades. Gracias a parte de la literatura utilizada para este trabajo (Merino 1986, Molina y Hurtado 2002 y Pajares 2010), se ha podido emplear una taxonomía que permitiera clasificar los fenómenos observados en cuatro grandes categorías: adición, inequivalencia, modificación y supresión. Dentro de cada categoría se han identificado diferentes subcategorías que se ajustan con mayor precisión a los fenómenos específicos identificados. Debido a las limitaciones de extensión del presente trabajo, el resultado final solo ofrece una muestra de todos los ejemplos recogidos, presentados por orden alfabético y atendiendo a la clasificación taxonómica fijada. En último lugar, las conclusiones pretenden verter luz a aquellas cuestiones planteadas en la introducción de este trabajo, así como presentar una valoración general de los resultados obtenidos.

As representações da mulher nas letras luso-brasileiras do século XVII

O propósito desta dissertação é estudar as representações femininas nas letras luso-brasileiras do século XVII, sempre levando em conta os pressupostos teóricos formulados pela crítica brasileira atual. Pretende-se examinar as práticas letradas seiscentistas pelo prisma dos critérios retórico-poéticos vigentes na época, em que se destacam a importância dos elementos visuais. O estudo tem como base o contraponto das figuras de Eva e Maria, formando o grande paradigma da dualidade feminina nas letras coloniais; tal construção da imagem da mulher como tentadora e salvadora foi um longo processo desde as letras dos tempos antigos, se intensificando no período medieval até chegar no século XVII. Desse modo, focalizamos as poesias de Gregório de Matos e alguns sermões do padre Antonio Vieira, dialogando com questões históricas, sociais e artísticas no momento de produção das obras para tentar reduzir os riscos de anacronismo, sempre presentes quando abordamos períodos tão distanciados no tempo. Analisamos variadas configurações femininas nas poesias líricas e satíricas de Gregório de Matos; já nos sermões de Vieira, percebemos que o contraponto entre as concepções mariana e eviana fica mais evidente. Mostramos como as figuras femininas examinadas se aproximavam de Eva ou de Maria, levando em conta o contexto sócio-econômico das mesmas. Notamos que o modelo ideal de mulher encarnando na figura de Maria, difundido pela Igreja com o objetivo de alcançar todas as mulheres, não correspondia à realidade das mesmas no sistema colonial e não se adequava as suas necessidades. Examinamos igualmente como tal construção feminina perfeita e submissa circulava nos manuais de boa conduta em que a família patriarcal se encaixava, atendendo às exigências dos modelos propagados pela Igreja Católica na época. Apesar de todos os esforços da Igreja Católica e do homem para domesticar a mulher, tão temida e admirada pelos mesmos, muitas mulheres fugiram aos padrões sociais e foram estigmatizadas, rotuladas, discriminadas, mas acima de tudo foram mulheres que ficaram registradas nas páginas da Inquisição, na história e principalmente, nas letras luso-brasileiras do século XVII, escritas por homens, como o poeta Gregório de Matos e o padre Antonio Vieira

毛茛科升麻族（广义）的系统学研究

本文利用多种实验手段，对升麻族(Cimicifugeae,s.l.)的节部维管系统、花瓣、花粉、种皮及细胞学性状进行综合分析，根据这些性状的演化趋势，探讨了升麻族的范围、系统位置和属间关系。 通过对节部维管系统的研究，作者发现升度族的节均为多隙节类型，填补了铁破锣属 (Beesia)和黄三七属(Souliea)叶隙节资料的空白。 通过对花瓣式样及其脉序类型的研究，提出了升麻族的花瓣演化路线，充实了毛莨科(Ranunculaceae)的花瓣来源于雄蕊这一观点，认为毛莨科的花瓣主要不源于雄蕊的药隔部分，具二歧脉的花瓣由药隔不突出的基着药雄蕊演化而来，而具三出脉的花瓣由药隔发达、有时先端突出的雄蕊演化而来。 作者除在扫描电镜下观察了升麻族的花粉形态外，还首次在透射电镜下观察了升麻族所有5属的花数外壁结构，发现黄三七属的花粉不仅具独特的条纹——网状纹饰，且其外壁具半覆盖层;在细胞学研究中，发现黄三七属的细胞间期核形态明显不同于金莲花亚科(Helleboroideae)的其它属，为复杂染色中心型(Complex chromocenter type)和棒状前染色体型(Rod prochromosome type)间的过渡类型。综合考虑本属和黄连属(Coptis)的体态、中期染色体形态及血清学证据，作者认为黄三七属是升麻族中的一个特化类群，是大（R-型）染色体往小（T-型）染色体演化的一个过渡类群，本属很可能与黄连族(Coptideae)植物关系较为密切。此外，作者借助扫描电镜的观察，发现升麻族的种皮向两个方向演化，一支适应风传播，表现为种翅发达;另一支适应动物传播，抗消化，表现为种皮坚硬，表面具密集的瘤状突起。 通过对升麻族地理分布格局的研究，作者认为本族可能是起源于东亚的一群极为古老的毛莨科植物，由毛莨科的祖先直接演化而来。铁破锣属和黄三七属很可能起源于中国西南山地。 最后作者基于自已的多种实验结果、前人的植化和细胞学资料，不同意铁破锣属放在金莲花族(Trollieae)或铁筷子族(Helleboreae)，对Tamura的升麻族概论及系统关系进行重大修改，不赞成升麻族来自驴蹄草属(Caltha)这一观点，而支持王文采的系统，把 铁破锣属移入升麻族，并认为修改过的升麻族是毛莨科中一个非常自然而以特殊的类群，除一系列形态特征不同于金莲花亚科的其它属外，该族植物不含毛莨科特征性成分—毛莨甙或木兰花碱，而含有独特的四环三萜式成分(Anemonopsis 是否含此成分，尚待研究)及呋喃色酮类化合物，染色体组分中，具5-6对大m的染色体，应独立作为一个新亚新——升麻亚科(Cimicifugoideae)，推测本亚科与金莲花亚科均来自毛茛科的祖先型。升麻亚科中，铁破锣属保留了很多原始特征，如单叶、无花瓣等，作者将其提升为族—铁破锣族(Beesieae)。伴随单叶往复叶的演化过程，升麻亚科的原始群（类似铁破锣族）分化为两支：一支的染色体演化较慢，但果实和种显示出明显的分化，形成升麻族(Cimicifugeae, s.str.)，包括垂果升麻属(Anemono psis)、升麻属和类叶升麻属;另一支的花瓣、花粉和染色体的演化水平较高，形成黄三七属，作者将其独立为一个新族——黄三七族(Soulieae)，除上述系统处理外，本文提供了包括升麻亚科所有属种的检索表。

The EBM-DPSER conceptual model: integrating ecosystem services into the DPSIR framework

There is a pressing need to integrate biophysical and human dimensions science to better inform holistic ecosystem management supporting the transition from single species or single-sector management to multi-sector ecosystem-based management. Ecosystem-based management should focus upon ecosystem services, since they reflect societal goals, values, desires, and benefits. The inclusion of ecosystem services into holistic management strategies improves management by better capturing the diversity of positive and negative human-natural interactions and making explicit the benefits to society. To facilitate this inclusion, we propose a conceptual model that merges the broadly applied Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, and Response (DPSIR) conceptual model with ecosystem services yielding a Driver, Pressure, State, Ecosystem service, and Response (EBM-DPSER) conceptual model. The impact module in traditional DPSIR models focuses attention upon negative anthropomorphic impacts on the ecosystem; by replacing impacts with ecosystem services the EBM-DPSER model incorporates not only negative, but also positive changes in the ecosystem. Responses occur as a result of changes in ecosystem services and include inter alia management actions directed at proactively altering human population or individual behavior and infrastructure to meet societal goals. The EBM-DPSER conceptual model was applied to the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas marine ecosystem as a case study to illustrate how it can inform management decisions. This case study captures our system-level understanding and results in a more holistic representation of ecosystem and human society interactions, thus improving our ability to identify trade-offs. The EBM-DPSER model should be a useful operational tool for implementing EBM, in that it fully integrates our knowledge of all ecosystem components while focusing management attention upon those aspects of the ecosystem most important to human society and does so within a framework already familiar to resource managers.

Isolation, expression and characterization of a novel dual serine protease inhibitor, OH-TCI, from king cobra venom

Snake venom Kunitz/BPTI members are good tools for understanding of structure-functional relationship between serine proteases and their inhibitors. A novel dual Kunitz/BPTI serine proteinase inhibitor named OH-TCI (trypsin- and chymotrypsin-dual inhibito

Crocodile farming: a multi-million dollar industry

Crocodiles have a long breeding life, which ranges from 25-30 years. There are 27 species and subspecies of crocodiles throughout the world, 18 of which are in danger of extinction, the rest being threatened with declining population due to overhunting and habitat destruction. Two known crocodile species exist in the Philippines: Crocodylus mindorensis (freshwater crocodile) and C. porosus (saltwater crocodile). Killing adult crocodiles, as is being done now, drastically reduces the potential population. Moreover, toxic wastes from mines, destruction of marshes and riverine habitats, and the conversion of their natural habitats for fishponds additionally threaten their populations. Estimates indicate that there are only about 100 Philippine crocodiles in the wild now. The Crocodile Farming Institute (CFI) was established in Palawan, in 1987, in order to save the crocodiles from extinction in the Philippines. It is now one of the components of the Palawan Wildlife and Conservation Center, and aims to conserve the 2 endangered species in the Philippines and also to develop and introduce a suitable crocodile farming technology that will help uplift the socio-economic well-being of the Filipino people. CFI believes in the potential of commercial utilization of crocodiles as a dollar-generating industry for the Philippines. It is a very profitable business and could be a multi-million dollar industry. A brief outline is given of the economic and marketing potentials of farming crocodiles in the Philippines.

表皮生长因子对猕猴胚胎角膜上皮组织增殖效应的研究

离体培养试验表明，小鼠颌下腺表皮生长因子对离体培养猕猴胚胎眼角膜上皮组织具有显著促进细胞增殖和分化的效应。培养4d的实验组角膜上皮的厚度，上皮细胞增殖层数以及上皮组织中基底层细胞核与表层细胞核两者的比率均较正常猴胚角膜增长3倍。与此同时培养4d的实验组角膜上皮厚度和上皮细胞的层数，都达到成年猴正常角膜上皮的结构水平。