Making internalization theory good for practice: the essence of Alan Rugman’s contributions to international business

This perspectives paper and its associated commentaries examine Alan Rugman's conceptual contribution to international business scholarship. Most significantly, we highlight Rugman's version of internalization theory as an approach that integrates transaction cost economics and ‘classical’ internalization theory with elements from the resource-based view, such that it is especially relevant to strategic management. In reviewing his oeuvre, we also offer observations on his ideas for ‘new internalization theory’. We classify his other novel insights into four categories: Network Multinationals; National competitiveness; Development and public policy; and Emerging Economy MNEs. This special section offers multiple views on how his work informed the larger academic debate and considers how these ideas might evolve in the longer term.

Alan Rugman’s methodology

This paper argues that the intellectual contribution of Alan Rugman reflects his distinctive research methodology. Alan Rugman trained as an economist, and relied heavily on economic principles throughout his work. He believed that one good theory was sufficient for IB studies, and that theory, he maintained, was internalisation theory. He rejected theoretical pluralism, and believed that IB suffered from a surfeit of theories. Alan was a positivist. The test of a good theory was that it led to clear predictions which were corroborated by empirical evidence. Many IB theories, Alan believed, were weak; their proliferation sowed confusion and they needed to be refuted. Alan’s interpretation of internalisation was, however, unconventional in some respects. He played down the trade-offs presented in Coase’s original work, and substituted heuristics in their place. Instead of analysing internalisation as a context-specific choice between alternative contractual arrangements, he presented it as a strategic imperative for firms possessing strong knowledge advantages. His heuristics did not apply to every possible case, but in Alan’s view they applied in the great majority of cases and were therefore a basis for management action.

Da Linguagem verbal à sincrética: o romance O passado, de Alan Pauls, e sua transcrição para o cinema por Héctor Babenco

The goal of this paper is to reflect on the process of adaptation from literature to cinema in order to understand how are made the choices in this kind of transposition. For that, we will analyze the case of the novel The Past (2003), by Alan Pauls, and its translation into the film language (2007) by Héctor Babenco, using reflections from semiotic studies of literature and cinema

O jogo de intermediações enunciativas no romance de Alan Pauls

The novel O passado (2003) by Alan Pauls presents many isotopies which would deserve to be investigated: there is a varied construction of loving relationships among the characters, who reveal different feelings, that would allow a mapping of passions to be studied; there is an activity of translation (role performed by Rimini and Carmen) that engenders a very rich reflection on the literary activity which is taking place. There is also the presence of a visual artist, Jeremy Riltse, revealing a poetic work which was created by this discourse. Due to the dimension that a research of this kind would require, it is not possible to deal with all the isotopies. Thus, the last one was chosen to be investigated, that is, to verify how the fictional visual artist and his singular work operate in the novel.

The Accident and the Beautiful: On Alan Shapiro's "The Accident"

http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/literature_and_medicine/v030/30.1.schweizer.pdf

Exhibit: "Michigan-I-O": Alan Lomax and the 1938 Library of Congress Folk-Song Expedition"

In 1938, a young folk music collector named Alan Lomax—destined to become one of the legendary folklorists of the 20th century recorded Michigan’s richly varied folk music traditions for the Archive of American Folk-Song at the Library of Congress. Michigan in the 1930s was experiencing a golden age of folksong collecting, as local folklorists mined the trove of ballads remembered by aging lumbermen and Great Lakes schoonermen. In addition to the ballads of these north woods singers, Lomax recorded a vibrant mix of ethnic music from Detroit to the western Upper Peninsula. The multimedia performance event Folksongs from Michigan-i-o combines live performance with historic images, color movie footage, and recorded sound from the Great Depression. Some of these materials haven’t been heard or seen by the general public for more than seven decades. The traveling exhibition Michigan Folksong Legacy: Grand Discoveries from the Great Depression brings Alan Lomax’s 1938 field trip to life through words, song lyrics, photographs, and sound recordings. Ten interpretive banners explore themes and each panel contains a QR code that links to related sound recordings from the Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

Exhibit: "Michigan-I-O": Alan Lomax and the 1938 Library of Congress Folk-Song Expedition"

In 1938, a young folk music collector named Alan Lomax—destined to become one of the legendary folklorists of the 20th century recorded Michigan’s richly varied folk music traditions for the Archive of American Folk-Song at the Library of Congress. Michigan in the 1930s was experiencing a golden age of folksong collecting, as local folklorists mined the trove of ballads remembered by aging lumbermen and Great Lakes schoonermen. In addition to the ballads of these north woods singers, Lomax recorded a vibrant mix of ethnic music from Detroit to the western Upper Peninsula. The multimedia performance event Folksongs from Michigan-i-o combines live performance with historic images, color movie footage, and recorded sound from the Great Depression. Some of these materials haven’t been heard or seen by the general public for more than seven decades. The traveling exhibition Michigan Folksong Legacy: Grand Discoveries from the Great Depression brings Alan Lomax’s 1938 field trip to life through words, song lyrics, photographs, and sound recordings. Ten interpretive banners explore themes and each panel contains a QR code that links to related sound recordings from the Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

Exhibit: "Michigan-I-O": Alan Lomax and the 1938 Library of Congress Folk-Song Expedition

In 1938, a young folk music collector named Alan Lomax—destined to become one of the legendary folklorists of the 20th century recorded Michigan’s richly varied folk music traditions for the Archive of American Folk-Song at the Library of Congress. Michigan in the 1930s was experiencing a golden age of folksong collecting, as local folklorists mined the trove of ballads remembered by aging lumbermen and Great Lakes schoonermen. In addition to the ballads of these north woods singers, Lomax recorded a vibrant mix of ethnic music from Detroit to the western Upper Peninsula. The multimedia performance event Folksongs from Michigan-i-o combines live performance with historic images, color movie footage, and recorded sound from the Great Depression. Some of these materials haven’t been heard or seen by the general public for more than seven decades. The traveling exhibition Michigan Folksong Legacy: Grand Discoveries from the Great Depression brings Alan Lomax’s 1938 field trip to life through words, song lyrics, photographs, and sound recordings. Ten interpretive banners explore themes and each panel contains a QR code that links to related sound recordings from the Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

Juda b. Alan aus Tiberias

David Kaufmann

El problema de las escrituras del yo en las últimas obras de Alan Pauls

Con la publicación de Wasabi en 1994 se abre en la obra de Alan Pauls un espacio de exploración de la propia experiencia que estaba ausente en sus obras anteriores. En esta novela juega un papel importante la relación entre cuerpo y escritura presente desde el inicio en la obra de su autor. Esa relación no es homogénea, tiene matices diferentes a lo largo de su producción; en Wasabi se manifiesta como enfermedad: la enfermedad equivale en Wasabi a la gestación del relato que está pretendiendo escribirse, pero también es una vía para problematizar el propio yo por la vía de la autoficción. Más tarde, publica La vida descalzo (2006) e Historia del llanto (2007). La primera explora la infancia en la forma de un ensayo autobiográfico en primera persona; sobre el final se produce un cambio a la tercera persona y además se vuelve a la enfermedad como condición de posibilidad para la experiencia literaria, en este caso desde el punto de vista de la lectura. Esta reaparece en Historia del llanto, que cuenta la evolución de un sujeto lector. Historia del llanto se construye mediante la ficcionalización de un testimonio, pero escrito en tercera persona, lo que ejerce un juego de distancia y cercanía con los discursos testimoniales de los setenta. Pero, además, ese juego de distancia y cercanía se efectúa convocando, nuevamente, la problemática del cuerpo en relación con la conciencia y la literatura

Algunas reflexiones acerca de la construcción del espacio en el cuento "A Drink in the Passage" de Alan Paton : Desafíos para la traducción

El presente trabajo constituye un primer acercamiento al estudio de los cuentos comprendidos en Tales of a Troubled Land del escritor sudafricano Alan Paton (1903-1988). A modo de introducción, haremos una breve reseña histórico-social de la Sudáfrica del apartheid (Cottrell, 2005; Gibson, 2009) que vincularemos con información biográfica del escritor (Paton, 1966; Lirola, 2008). Esta información resultará, a nuestro entender, relevante al momento de hacer una lectura profunda del cuento. Luego, estudiaremos cómo se conforman los espacios interno / externo (Foucault, 1986), especialmente aquellos que posibilitan el encuentro de blancos y negros (Barnard, 2007), con el fin de explorar cómo aparecen las barreras raciales en el texto. Por último, y a la luz de lo anterior, plantearemos algunas cuestiones centrales que se constituyen en desafíos al momento de abocarnos a la tarea de traducir este cuento, especialmente las relacionadas a la metáfora cristalizada en el 'passage' que, nombrado en el título, sirve de eje estructurador de la acción. Según nuestra hipótesis, la traducción de la construcción del espacio se vuelve un desafío ya que la distribución de los espacios y la circulación de la población en y entre ellos son inherentes al apartheid, no sólo en cuanto al sistema de segregación que el término designa, o al momento histórico en el que fue implementado, sino a la (im)posibilidad de que los individuos de las diferentes razas coexistan y se interrelacionen en una tierra que (no) les es común, en un espacio construido culturalmente desde la separación en lugar de desde la unidad