998 resultados para Instrumentos de política de ambiente


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Perante o agravamento das problemáticas atmosféricas a maior parte dos países mundo tem adotado ações concertadas e conjuntas tendentes a responder a estas realidade. No quadro da União Europeia, bloco económico e político ao qual Portugal pertence como estado-membro, tem vindo a ser desenvolvido um forte programa de combate à poluição atmosférica. Seguindo as principais linhas de orientação dos seus predecessores mas, ao mesmo tempo, trilhando novos caminhos para atingir desafiantes metas, o Sexto Programa de Ação em matéria de Ambiente (6.º PAA) pretende atingir níveis de qualidade do ar que não impliquem efeitos negativos nem riscos significativos para a saúde humana e o ambiente. A União Europeia tem pautado a sua atuação numa ótica de concertação de políticas e legislação como forma de reduzir as emissões atmosféricas dentro do seu espaço territorial. A articulação entre as políticas comunitárias que visam reduzir a exposição à poluição atmosférica e a produção legislativa em matéria da qualidade do ar, nomeadamente, a fixação de valores limites de emissão para os diferentes poluentes nas zonas e aglomeração das nossas cidades, encontra na gestão ambiental do recurso ar os conceitos e estratégias de atuação práticas fundamentais para, atuando como uma placa giratória de Ação, efeitos e resultados, se possa uniformizar e harmonizar as necessidades reais com a resposta política e legal nestas questões. Expor e compreender as metodologias, ferramentas e instrumentos legais ao serviço destes dois eixos (politicas e legislação) será o objetivo deste texto.

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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como se deu a política de criação de parques nacionais no Brasil. Para tanto, faremos à luz da história uma retrospectiva das atividades econômicas que mais culminaram em prejuízos ambientais no Brasil assim como um sucinto levantamento dos instrumentos estabelecidos, cada um à sua época, enquanto responsáveis pela redução ou mesmo pela retratação destes danos. Dentre estes instrumentos citamos os parques nacionais, uma das várias qualidades de unidades de conservação estabelecidas enquanto metodologia responsável por diminuir o avanço exploratório sobre um bioma específico. Concluiremos essa dissertação com uma análise dos motivos que justificaram a inserção do primeiro parque nacional brasileiro na região Serra da Mantiqueira. O Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, criado durante o primeiro governo do Presidente Vargas e estrategicamente localizado entre as maiores cidades do país apresentava-se ao mesmo tempo como um espaço de preservação ambiental e de deleite de veranistas, servindo à salvaguarda biota e ao lazer. Foi modelo para as outras seis dezenas de parques nacionais que fazem parte de nossas unidades de conservação e continua chamando a atenção pela beleza cênica e pela diversidade ambiental que protege.

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This analysis on the ambient licensing is based on a research that identifies the fragilities and advances of the application of this instrument of politics of the environment in the ambient politics of the Rio Grande do Norte, in the period of 1992 the 2003. The isolated urban area of Búzios, situated in the City of Nísia Floresta/RN, situated in the eastern coast of the State, where concentrates the boarding of the ambient question as a matter in the Brazilian process of urbanization, over all the institutionalization and implementation of the ambient licensing. They are distinguished in the used methodology in consultation to the diverse involved social segments with the ambient subject in study, the example of the managers, technician and specialists, as well as the application of the legislation and norms techniques, the forms of appropriation of the common wealth and the procedures of ambient licensing of the competent agencies. The results of the research designate that the ambient licensing while instrument of the ambient politics is one of the alternatives more efficient as techniques in the process of sustainable development, since it is beyond the prerogatives to conciliate the activities and enterprises with the conservation of the environmental resources and natural benefits to the societies. In the RN one evidenced progress in the ambient legislation and the instructions techniques, and that the imperfections and limitations in the system of ambient licensing are not directly on to the instruments, but in the implementation of mechanisms of the ambient agencies. This because they do not make use of operational structure to apply in practical and established abilities, as an ambient management, institutional joint and deliberations of the State Counselor for Environment

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Incluye Bibliografía

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Incluye Bibliografía

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Las actividades económicas generan diversos beneficios económicas y sociales pero, por desgracia, tienen también consecuencias negativas tanto en las mimas actividades económicas como en el bienestar de la población y el medio ambiente. Este conjunto de efectos negativos, desde la óptica de la literatura económica, se derivan de fallas de mercado que ocasiona estas externalidades negativas. Esto es, las actividades económicas generan efectos colaterales tales como emisiones o desechos que son depositados en el medio ambiente sin costo económico alguno y que generan impactos negativos.Las políticas públicas buscan reducir o eliminar estas externalidades negativas a través de la aplicación de diversas regulaciones o del uso de algún incentivo económico en donde destacan por su importancia el uso de diversos impuestos de corte ambiental. Estos impuestos ambientales tiene su fundamento teórico en el impuesto Pigou, que busca internalizar el costo de las externalidades negativas generadas por los agentes económicos.Este tipo de impuesto permite fundamentar la utilidad de aplicar impuestos verdes o ambientales para controlar o reducir las externalidades negativas y obtener incluso otros efectos positivos a través de los subsidios. Por desgracia, en América Latina es aún incipiente la aplicación de algunos de estos instrumentos fiscales. El principal objetivo de este documento es presentar la aplicación de este tipo de impuestos ambientales para automóviles y para botellas de plástico en Ecuador.

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Inclui notas explicativas e bibliográfica e bibliografia

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The work is to demonstrate the scope of modern-day major regulatory provisions and the policies implemented to adoption of biofuels in the national energy matrix. The adoption of biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels, is based on the realization of the fundamental right to an ecologically balanced environment mitigating hazards and environmental hazards arising from a postmodern society. However, the change in the Brazilian energy matrix observe the precepts of certain environmental principles to essentially environmental preservation The proposed Environmental rule of law is founded on the realization of the right (duty) key to an ecologically balanced environment for sustainable development. Thus, it is up to the State, in addition to considering the dangers and risks fruits of government decisions, present the possible instruments to mitigate the irreversible environmental damage to the environment. The management of environmental risks present in the ideals of an Environmental rule of law, plays an important role in the preservation and economic development, using, therefore, of acautelatórios legal instruments, such as environmental licensing and the ecological-economic zoning, measures adopted in the light of the principles of precaution and preservation. The adoption of research in the environmental field, improvement and development of environmental technology, building a system to observe ecological changes, imposition of environmental policy objectives to be achieved in the medium and long term and systematization of organizations plan a protection policy environmental, are essential measures to control possible environmental risks and damage guided by the aforementioned environmental principles. Thus, it will be used the inductive method of approach, starting from the analysis of the new perspective of Environmental rule of law and the implementation of biofuels in the context of a post-modern society, marked by uncertainty and the risk of damage, from the study of the principles of caution, maintaining and cautionary measures in mitigating the hazards and potential risks.

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This analysis on the ambient licensing is based on a research that identifies the fragilities and advances of the application of this instrument of politics of the environment in the ambient politics of the Rio Grande do Norte, in the period of 1992 the 2003. The isolated urban area of Búzios, situated in the City of Nísia Floresta/RN, situated in the eastern coast of the State, where concentrates the boarding of the ambient question as a matter in the Brazilian process of urbanization, over all the institutionalization and implementation of the ambient licensing. They are distinguished in the used methodology in consultation to the diverse involved social segments with the ambient subject in study, the example of the managers, technician and specialists, as well as the application of the legislation and norms techniques, the forms of appropriation of the common wealth and the procedures of ambient licensing of the competent agencies. The results of the research designate that the ambient licensing while instrument of the ambient politics is one of the alternatives more efficient as techniques in the process of sustainable development, since it is beyond the prerogatives to conciliate the activities and enterprises with the conservation of the environmental resources and natural benefits to the societies. In the RN one evidenced progress in the ambient legislation and the instructions techniques, and that the imperfections and limitations in the system of ambient licensing are not directly on to the instruments, but in the implementation of mechanisms of the ambient agencies. This because they do not make use of operational structure to apply in practical and established abilities, as an ambient management, institutional joint and deliberations of the State Counselor for Environment

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This analysis on the ambient licensing is based on a research that identifies the fragilities and advances of the application of this instrument of politics of the environment in the ambient politics of the Rio Grande do Norte, in the period of 1992 the 2003. The isolated urban area of Búzios, situated in the City of Nísia Floresta/RN, situated in the eastern coast of the State, where concentrates the boarding of the ambient question as a matter in the Brazilian process of urbanization, over all the institutionalization and implementation of the ambient licensing. They are distinguished in the used methodology in consultation to the diverse involved social segments with the ambient subject in study, the example of the managers, technician and specialists, as well as the application of the legislation and norms techniques, the forms of appropriation of the common wealth and the procedures of ambient licensing of the competent agencies. The results of the research designate that the ambient licensing while instrument of the ambient politics is one of the alternatives more efficient as techniques in the process of sustainable development, since it is beyond the prerogatives to conciliate the activities and enterprises with the conservation of the environmental resources and natural benefits to the societies. In the RN one evidenced progress in the ambient legislation and the instructions techniques, and that the imperfections and limitations in the system of ambient licensing are not directly on to the instruments, but in the implementation of mechanisms of the ambient agencies. This because they do not make use of operational structure to apply in practical and established abilities, as an ambient management, institutional joint and deliberations of the State Counselor for Environment

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Este artigo traça o perfil da atuação da Organização das Nações Unidas em dois momentos distintos: antes e depois do fim da Guerra Fria. O autor analisa também como as operações de paz desenvolvidas por essa organização internacional vêm atuando nos conflitos ocorridos no continente africano.