Estilos en las redes sociales en línea: un estudio basado en corpora

Das Internet wird ein immer populäreres und wichtigeres Kommunikationsmittel, besonders die sogenannten Social-Networking-Sites. In dieser Studie wird untersucht wie die Social-Networking-Sites, Facebook und Tuenti, die Kommunikation beeinflussen. In einem Korpus von Usern aus Málaga, wurde der Gebrauch von nicht-Standard Merkmalen analysiert und mit dem in der gesprochenen Sprache verglichen. Aus diesem Vergleich lässt sich schließen, dass die untersuchten sozialen und linguistischen Faktoren in der virtuellen und der reellen Sprache unterschiedlich funktionieren. Aufgrund dieses unterschiedlichen Gebrauchs kann die elektronische Kommunikation Facebook und Tuenti’s als Stil betrachtet werden, welcher den Usern dazu dient, soziale Bedeutung zu kreieren und ihre sprachliche Identität auszudrücken.

Digital multi-text editions from scratch to electronic performance. Transcription and collation routines transformed in a flexible database system

The poster demonstrates the preparatory steps of a digital multi-text edition that are abstracted from the experiences made in the Parzival Project, based at the University of Bern, the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and the University of Erlangen. This edition of Wolfram von Eschenbach’s German Grail novel, written shortly after 1200 and transmitted during several centuries in ca. hundred witnesses, has now been completed by more than a half of the textual corpus.

Die Rechtsstellung der israelitischen Kultusgemeinde im rechtsrheinischen Bayern

Erlangen, Univ., Diss., 1912

Das Verfassungsrecht

Erlangen, Univ., Diss., 1901

Die rechtliche Stellung der Rabbiner in der Pfalz : (unter Berücksichtigung des Falles Kultusgemeinde X gegen den Rabbiner Z.)

Erlangen, Univ., Diss., 1909

Feasible Dose Reduction in Routine Chest Computed Tomography Maintaining Constant Image Quality Using the Last Three Scanner Generations: From Filtered Back Projection to Sinogram-affirmed Iterative Reconstruction and Impact of the Novel Fully Integrated Detector Design Minimizing Electronic Noise

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate a dose reduction in contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) by comparing the three latest generations of Siemens CT scanners used in clinical practice. We analyzed the amount of radiation used with filtered back projection (FBP) and an iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm to yield the same image quality. Furthermore, the influence on the radiation dose of the most recent integrated circuit detector (ICD; Stellar detector, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS 136 Patients were included. Scan parameters were set to a thorax routine: SOMATOM Sensation 64 (FBP), SOMATOM Definition Flash (IR), and SOMATOM Definition Edge (ICD and IR). Tube current was set constantly to the reference level of 100 mA automated tube current modulation using reference milliamperes. Care kV was used on the Flash and Edge scanner, while tube potential was individually selected between 100 and 140 kVp by the medical technologists at the SOMATOM Sensation. Quality assessment was performed on soft-tissue kernel reconstruction. Dose was represented by the dose length product. RESULTS Dose-length product (DLP) with FBP for the average chest CT was 308 mGy*cm ± 99.6. In contrast, the DLP for the chest CT with IR algorithm was 196.8 mGy*cm ± 68.8 (P = 0.0001). Further decline in dose can be noted with IR and the ICD: DLP: 166.4 mGy*cm ± 54.5 (P = 0.033). The dose reduction compared to FBP was 36.1% with IR and 45.6% with IR/ICD. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was favorable in the aorta, bone, and soft tissue for IR/ICD in combination compared to FBP (the P values ranged from 0.003 to 0.048). Overall contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improved with declining DLP. CONCLUSION The most recent technical developments, namely IR in combination with integrated circuit detectors, can significantly lower radiation dose in chest CT examinations.

Die Bedeutungen der Wortsippe כבד im Hebräischen

von Wilhelm Caspari

Würdigung der GMA-Preisträger des "GMA-Preis für junge Lehrende 2013"

Auf der Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung 2013 in Graz wurden zum achten Mal die Preisträger des "GMA-Preis für Junge Lehrende“ für herausragende Leistungen in der Medizinischen Hochschullehre vom Vorstand der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung e.V. (GMA) ausgezeichnet. Dieser Preis wurde durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft "Junge Lehrende“ der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung e.V. initiiert, die sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, die Wertschätzung, Unterstützung und die Ausbildungssituation für junge Berufstätige in der Hochschullehre zu verbessern und zu stärken. An der Ausschreibung nahmen insgesamt 6 Bewerbungen von 6 Standorten teil (Zürich/Frankfurt, Bonn, Giessen, Frankfurt, Erlangen, Hamburg). Zum ersten Mal hat sich dabei auch ein Team mit der Hauptantragstellerin einer Wahlschweizerin für diesen Preis beworben.

Volumetric analysis of lung nodules in computed tomography (CT): comparison of two different segmentation algorithm softwares and two different reconstruction filters on automated volume calculation.

BACKGROUND A precise detection of volume change allows for better estimating the biological behavior of the lung nodules. Postprocessing tools with automated detection, segmentation, and volumetric analysis of lung nodules may expedite radiological processes and give additional confidence to the radiologists. PURPOSE To compare two different postprocessing software algorithms (LMS Lung, Median Technologies; LungCARE®, Siemens) in CT volumetric measurement and to analyze the effect of soft (B30) and hard reconstruction filter (B70) on automated volume measurement. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between January 2010 and April 2010, 45 patients with a total of 113 pulmonary nodules were included. The CT exam was performed on a 64-row multidetector CT scanner (Somatom Sensation, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with the following parameters: collimation, 24x1.2 mm; pitch, 1.15; voltage, 120 kVp; reference tube current-time, 100 mAs. Automated volumetric measurement of each lung nodule was performed with the two different postprocessing algorithms based on two reconstruction filters (B30 and B70). The average relative volume measurement difference (VME%) and the limits of agreement between two methods were used for comparison. RESULTS At soft reconstruction filters the LMS system produced mean nodule volumes that were 34.1% (P < 0.0001) larger than those by LungCARE® system. The VME% was 42.2% with a limit of agreement between -53.9% and 138.4%.The volume measurement with soft filters (B30) was significantly larger than with hard filters (B70); 11.2% for LMS and 1.6% for LungCARE®, respectively (both with P < 0.05). LMS measured greater volumes with both filters, 13.6% for soft and 3.8% for hard filters, respectively (P < 0.01 and P > 0.05). CONCLUSION There is a substantial inter-software (LMS/LungCARE®) as well as intra-software variability (B30/B70) in lung nodule volume measurement; therefore, it is mandatory to use the same equipment with the same reconstruction filter for the follow-up of lung nodule volume.

Sebastian Münster als Grammatiker : Dissertation

Erlangen, Univ., Diss., 1892

Das Bündniß der drei Königreiche Preußen, Sachsen und Hannover vom 26. Mai 1849 : ein Wort zur Beherzigung und Verständigung

Boberach: Grundsätzlich ist die Politik der Nationalversammlung zu kritisieren, nur aus taktischen Erwägungen das Dreikönigsbündnis zu unterstützen, aber durch Zugeständnisse an Österreich muß die Grundlage noch verbreitert werden. Bundesgericht und Verwaltungsrat sind hoffnungsvolle Ansätze, Fürstenkollegium und Staatenhaus werden radikale Grundrechte verhindern. - Wentzke: Kritik der haltlosen Politik der Paulskirche. Begrüßt im Bündnis vom 26. Mai die Ansätze zum Bundesgericht und zum Verwaltungsrat, der mit der provisorischen Zentralgewalt als Vertretung der nicht beigetretenen Staaten Hand in Hand arbeiten muß. Vor Mediatisierung durch Preußen sichert der Abschluß auf vorläufig nur ein Jahr. Gegen den Einheitsstaat und die radikale Richtung der Grundrechte sichert das Fürstenkollegium und das dem Volkshaus gleichberechtigte Staatenhaus. Rechtlich ist allerdings zur Berufung eines Reichstages die Zustimmung aller Bundesstaaten nötig, die durch Zugeständnisse für Österreich zu erlangen wäre

Ultra-low-dose dual-source CT coronary angiography with high pitch: diagnostic yield of a volumetric planning scan and effects on dose reduction and imaging strategy

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of an ultra-low-dose dual-source CT coronary angiography (CTCA) scan with high pitch for delimiting the range of the subsequent standard CTCA scan. METHODS 30 patients with an indication for CTCA were prospectively examined using a two-scan dual-source CTCA protocol (2.0 × 64.0 × 0.6 mm; pitch, 3.4; rotation time of 280 ms; 100 kV): Scan 1 was acquired with one-fifth of the tube current suggested by the automatic exposure control software [CareDose 4D™ (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) using 100 kV and 370 mAs as a reference] with the scan length from the tracheal bifurcation to the diaphragmatic border. Scan 2 was acquired with standard tube current extending with reduced scan length based on Scan 1. Nine central coronary artery segments were analysed qualitatively on both scans. RESULTS Scan 2 (105.1 ± 10.1 mm) was significantly shorter than Scan 1 (127.0 ± 8.7 mm). Image quality scores were significantly better for Scan 2. However, in 5 of 6 (83%) patients with stenotic coronary artery disease, a stenosis was already detected in Scan 1 and in 13 of 24 (54%) patients with non-stenotic coronary arteries, a stenosis was already excluded by Scan 1. Using Scan 2 as reference, the positive- and negative-predictive value of Scan 1 was 83% (5 of 6 patients) and 100% (13 of 13 patients), respectively. CONCLUSION An ultra-low-dose CTCA planning scan enables a reliable scan length reduction of the following standard CTCA scan and allows for correct diagnosis in a substantial proportion of patients. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Further dose reductions are possible owing to a change in the individual patient's imaging strategy as a prior ultra-low-dose CTCA scan may already rule out the presence of a stenosis or may lead to a direct transferal to an invasive catheter procedure.