517 resultados para EOS PEEK HP3


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谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)是生物体内抗氧化应激酶系的重要成员,是一种含硒酶,它通过消除过氧化氢 (H_2O_2)和有机氢过氧化物(ROOH),保护机体免受活性的损伤或减少活笥氧对机伤程度。GPX的缺乏与多种疾病有关。天然GPX来源极其有限,因此研制具 GPX活力的人源抗体酶并且对其性质的研究对在临床上应用GPX治疗与其缺乏相关的疾病有重要意义。我们在本小组已从噬菌体展示的人单链抗体库中筛选得到了对S-2,4-二硝基苯基取代的谷胱甘肽二丁酯(Hp3)特异的单链抗体3B10并对之高效表达的基础上,进行了细菌培养 、包含体提取、蛋白体的变性与复性,纯化。并经过蛋白电泳和ELISA分析,证明所得的纯化后的蛋白为所需的半抗原特异的人单链抗体。并用化学修饰法把GPX的催化基团硒代半胱氨酸(Sec)组装到已复性、纯化的单链抗体3B10中,获得了具有GPX活力为75.4U/μmol的人源含硒抗体酶Sec-3B10。通过酶学性质的测定可知抗体酶在pH值为8.0、温度为37 ℃时生物活性最高。通过动力学性质的研究证明含硒抗体酶GPX的催化机制与天然GPX一样,符合Ping-Pong机制。光谱性质的研究可推知硒化位点位于蛋白的可变区CDR3区,在经过酶切,通过质谱测定后,比较硒化与未硒化的氨基酸片段的质量差可证实硒化位点位于蛋白的可变区CDR3。为鉴定经化学修饰法硒化的位置提供了一种手段。

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耐热树脂或称特种工程塑料主要包括聚芳飒类、聚醚酮类、聚芳酷、液晶类、聚酞亚胺和聚苯硫醚等。长春应化所已获得有关聚芳醚酮(PEK-C),聚芳醚砜(PES-C)和聚酞亚胺(PEI)等特种工程塑料的专利12项。在特种工程塑料中,PEK-C,PES-C和PEI有着最高的机械强度(室温下的拉伸强度在100MPa以上)。PES-C和PEI的耐热等级最高(热变形温度分别为225℃和220-260℃)。PE工有极好的阻燃性(氧指数为47)和耐磨性。而PEK-C的加工性好、韧性高、耐磨损和抗电击穿等性质突出,其综合物性与英国ICI公司的聚醚醚酮(PEEK)相近,是良好的高性能复合材料基体树脂。具有优异综合物性的PEK-C、PES-C、PEI及其改性系列材料在机械、电子电气、军工、医疗及食品等许多领域有着广泛的应用前景。近年来,长春应化所在酞侧基聚芳醚酮和聚芳醚矾的结构一加工一物性关系及开发应用等方面作了大量的研究工作,主要涉及此两种聚合物的粘弹性、屈服行为、断裂行为、转变与松弛以及复合与共混等方面内容。这些研究工作表明,酞侧基聚芳醚酮和聚芳醚矾经过共混和复合改性能够具有更优异的使用性能,而且这些研究中的一些方法同样可以应用于其它耐热树脂的改性。高分子材料科学的发展趋势就是在更深层次上把握材料的结构特点及其与宏观物性间的相互关耽达到高分子分子设计和材料设计的目标,实现高性能化和高功能化使现有的高分子材料找到更广泛而合理的应用。工程塑料的高性能化是高分子材料科学近年来发展的一个主要方向。为满足航天航空、电子信息、汽车工业家用电器以及机械等多方面技术领域的需要,要求材料的机械性能、耐热性、耐腐蚀性和长期使用性等性能进一步提高。在现有工程塑料品种的基础上通过共混增韧、复合增强等改性方法使其成为高性能的结构材料,是高分子材料私}学的前沿课题及重要任务。本文采用熔融加工的方法制备了PEK-C和PES-C耐热树脂的共混与复合材料,利用热分析、力学性能检测、微观形貌观察、加工性能检测等手段研究了共混物及复合材料的结构与性能。通过对PEK-C和PES-C的冲击断裂过程的研究,我们发现,两种材料在裂纹起始扩展时所能承受的最大应力值相同,但PES-C的裂纹引发(ti)和扩展(tp)所需时间仅是PEK-C的一半,此即PES-C的冲击强度(I)和断裂韧性(KIC)较低的原因。因此,如能延长裂纹引发和扩展的时间,也就是说如能扩大断裂过程区,抑制裂纹的早期形成就能达到增韧的目的。在PES-C的增韧研究方面,我们可以借鉴通用塑料的增韧方法,即在高聚物基体中,以适当的手段掺加第二相粒子,通过粒子的变形和引发基体在粒子周围产生剪切屈服或银纹化等作用机理,实现增韧目的。所不同的是,对PES-C类耐热树脂来说,实现增韧的同时应保持材料原有的高强度和高耐热性等优良险质。另一方面,由于耐热树脂的加工温度极高,适合于通用塑料的偶联剂等界面改性技术已不再适用于特种工程塑料。针对PES-C的增韧方法和机理的研究工作可归纳为以下三个方面:①刚性有机粒子(PPS,LCP等)增韧;②柔性有机粒子(UHMWPE)增韧;③刚性无机粒子(硅灰石)增韧。物理老化或结构松弛效应使得高聚物材料的结构和宏观物性随时间而发生变化。随时间的增长,PES-C和PES-C/PPS共混物的拉伸强度增加、冲击韧性减小,而且这种变化趋势表现出物理老化过程的自衰减特性。研究结果表明,PES-C/pps共棍物的结构松弛速率比PES-C慢。具有良好界面相互作用的PES一C/PPS共混物材料的强度和韧性始终高于PES-C纯组份聚合物。因此说,pES-C/PPS共混物不仅具有良好的短期性能,而且在高温下长期使用过程中,其力学性能将始终优于纯组份聚合物。我们研究了热固性聚酞亚胺预聚物(P01)增容聚芳醚酮/聚苯硫醚共混物的热学性能、力学性能、形态结构及加工性,对POI在聚芳醚酮/聚苯硫醚共混物中所起的增容作用机理进行了初步探讨。实验发现,PEK-C/PPS共混物在保持PEK一C原有的高强度和高模量的同时,加工流动性和韧性得到一定程度的改善。PEK-C/ppS/Pm三元共混物中,少量的POI能够控制PPS分散相的相区尺寸,防止分散相粒子的自凝聚,起到了增容剂的作用。热固性高聚物预聚体可用于增容热塑性高聚物共混体系,这种增容方法有其特殊性和新颖性,增容后的聚芳醚酮/聚苯硫醚共棍物的力学性能得以改善。利用纤维可以作为结晶性高聚物的异相成核剂的特性,将合适的结晶性高聚物与非晶高聚物共混,可以在在一定程度上改善非晶高聚物与纤维间的界面粘结,提高纤维增强效率。这种方法对PEK-C类耐热树脂尤为重要。通过与即S共混,玻纤增强PEK-C复合材料中纤维与基体间的界面粘结以及纤维的长径比明显增加,因而复合材料的强度和模量显著提高,而且加工流动性也得到一定程度的改善。从考虑综合物性的角度出发,利用结晶性高聚物改善纤维与非晶树脂基体间的界面粘结时,结晶性高聚物的用量存在一个最佳值。与PEEK/GF复合材料相比,PEK-C/PPS/GF复合材料在加工能耗、价格等方面存在很大优势,可以预期这一高性能复合材料可应用于制造高强度、高耐热、耐腐蚀、耐磨损、耐疲劳的往复运动部件、振动或转动等机械零部件。

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聚芳醚酮是一种高性能热塑性材料,但其熔融温度高,熔体粘度大,流动性较差。液晶聚芳醚酮则具有非常丰富的液晶相织构和复杂的相转变行为,并且其熔体粘度低,流动性较好。将二者共混,液晶的加入势必降低聚芳醚酮的熔融粘度,改善其熔体流动性,另一方面液晶聚芳醚酮的液晶织构和相行为等势必受很大影响。因此开展这一研究工作不但有重要的理论意义,同时对改善这类材料的性能和拓宽其应用范围具有重要的实际意义。发现液晶聚芳醚酮/聚醚醚酮共混物的复杂相行为与组成密切相关。在以液晶聚芳醚酮为主的共混物中,高分子量的聚醚醚酮易于从低分子量的液晶聚芳醚酮基质相中分离出来,形成了特殊的环带结构。在50:50液晶聚芳醚酮/聚醚醚酮共混物中,两个组分在熔融状态下发生了液一液相分离,导致环带结构和聚醚醚酮球晶同时形成。在以聚醚醚酮为基质相的共混物中,低分子量的液晶聚芳醚酮很难从高分子量的聚醚醚酮基质相中分离出来,最后只能在聚醚醚酮球晶的边界形成单独的相区。当聚醚醚酮含量很高时,仅生成聚醚醚酮球晶。首次在液晶聚芳醚酮与聚醚醚酮共混物中发现了环带球晶,并利用溶剂选择性蚀刻的方法确定了其相结构和组成。环带球晶中的亮心和亮环是液晶聚芳醚酮相,其c轴(分子链方向)垂直于膜平面,而。和b轴则在膜平面内没有固定的取向。暗环则是聚醚醚酮与部分液晶聚芳醚酮的共存相,其中液晶聚芳醚酮晶体的分子链也垂直于膜平面,但聚醚醚酮片晶则呈现复杂的结晶取向。确定环带球晶的形成机理,从分子水平上提出环带球晶的生长模型,即间歇式增长过程,符合结构不连续模型。总结了环带球晶的形成规律和必要条件为:(l)液晶聚芳醚酮为主要成分;(2)液晶聚芳醚酮与聚醚醚酮有一定相容性,至少在熔融态分子相容;(3)液晶聚芳醚酮的各向同性相向液晶相的转变温度要高于聚芳醚酮的结晶温度;(4)液晶聚芳醚酮相转变(或结晶)速率与共混物的相分离速率相匹配或前者略大于后者;(5)降温速率或等温结晶温度适当。聚醚醚酮/含氟液晶聚芳醚酮共混物在熔体状态下的流动行为与共混物的组成、两相的相容性及相的转变有着密切的关系。在聚醚醚酮/含氟液晶聚芳醚酮共混物中,当前者为主要成份时,流动曲线形状与纯PEEK的相似,而当后者为主要成份时,表现出与含氟液晶聚芳醚酮相似的流变行为。共混物的复数粘度、储存模量和损失模量总体来说随F一队EK含量的增加而逐渐下降,只有当含氟液晶聚芳醚酮含量为50%时,共混物的复数粘度、储存模量和损失模量出现了局部极大值。

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用氧化法(KClO_3 + H_2SO_4)对吉林碳素厂生产的碳纤维短丝(SCF)进行了表面处理,并采用预混、热压等工艺制备了 SCF 增强聚芳醚酮(PEK-C)复合材料(SCF/PEK-C)。PEK-C 是应化所开发的新型树脂。用 SCF 增强后弯曲模量可高达 10GPa。弯曲强度达 170 MPa,接近短纤维增强 PEEK(英国帝国化学公司产品)水平,是一类很有前途的热塑性结构材料。本工作用光电子能谱(ESCA)等方法对碳纤维表面的氧化程度和表面性能进行了分析,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等研究了材料的断面形貌和界面粘结。并根据材料的弯曲模量,弯曲强度,剪切强度及动态力学性能等的测试结果,分析和讨论了碳纤维表面氧化程度 ~ 复合材料界面粘结 ~ 材料力学性能的关系。结果证明,碳纤维经氧化后,表面含氧基团增加,吸附活性提高,由此导致复合材料界面粘结的改善和力学性能的大幅度提高。用氧化后纤维增强 PEK-C 材料的断面不再出现园孔,只有少量的拔出纤维,基体出现皱褶。变曲模量和强度的增强因子分别提高了 60% 和 210%。

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本工作对近年来合成的一种新型耐热高分子材料——含酞侧基的聚醚(PEK-C),进行了磺化改性,磺酰胺化改性,季胺化改性,并磺化PEK-C进行了制备荷电膜的探索,制备出了磺化PEK-C的超滤膜及气体分离膜,对其性能进行了研究。1、磺化PEK-C用98%浓H_2SO_4的磺化剂在38℃和60℃温度下对PEK-C进行了磺化改性。结果表明在上述温和条件下可以方便地得到磺化度(X_S)为0.2~1.0的磺化PEK-C(SPEK)。磺化度由反应温度及反应时间加以调节。与文献报导的用H_2SO_4对PEEK的磺化反应比较,浓H_2SO_4磺化法更适于对PEK-C的磺化改性。通过I.R.,~1H和~(13)C NMR分析表明磺化取代反应发生在酸酞单元醚氧键的邻位氢原子上。PEK-C经磺化改性后其溶解性有所下降,由于分子链中引入极性离子基因,几乎失去卤代烃对SPEK-C的溶解能力。由DSC法测得Tg的结果表明Tg随磺化度的增加而呈线性升高,这是磺化后分子链间相互作用力增加使分子链刚性增加的结果。2、磺酰胺化PEK-C用氯磺酸对PEK-C进行磺化,以二乙胺进行胺化在室温~40 ℃下虽然可以得到磺酰胺化的PEK-C(SA-PEK),但结果表明氯磺酸过于强烈,磺酰胺化程度不易控制且导致PEK-C严重降解和胺化时产生交联胶。SA-PEK的溶解度有所提高,但严重的降解和交联使其失去薄膜的可能性。3、氯甲基化,季胺盐化PEK-C用氯甲醚-氧化锌-三氯乙烷或四氯乙烷体系进行PEK-C氯甲基化改性的探索,结果未得到取代度高的产物,原因在于PEK-C在上述体系中的溶解度及反应活性低,与聚芳醚砜类的氯甲基化的行为不同。4、SPEK-C荷电超滤膜的研究由Loeb-Sourirajan转相法制备了具有不对称结构的超滤膜该膜的水通量f = 80ml/cm~2.h,孔隙率Pr>80%。平均孔径200-400A,对6,7000分子量牛血清蛋白的截留率>90%。研究确定了最佳膜液组成及制膜条件,讨论了膜液组成及制膜条件对膜性能及结构的影响。用流动电位和膜电阻表征了SPEK-C膜的荷电性能,讨论了磺化度对膜性能的影响。以扫描电镜研究了SPEK-C膜的形态结构为典型的不对称结构的指状孔超滤膜结构。对膜的耐酸碱性进行了初步考察。5、磺化PEK-C气体分离膜采用压力法测定了SPEK-C(磺酸盐型)均质膜对N_2,H_2透过性能。结果表明与PEK_C均质膜相比较,PH_2有所下降,PN_2下降较大。因而LH_2/N_2有较大提高。SPEK-C磺酸盐型膜的气体透过性能与温度的依赖关系进行了初步探讨。本文还讨论了SPEK-C钠盐,锌盐,铁盐型均质膜对H_2,N_2气体透过性能的影响。

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本工作对两种新型的耐热高分子材料——含酞侧基聚芳醚砜(PES-C)和聚芳醚酮(PEK-C)进行了磺化改性,并利用不同金属离子置换的方法得到了钠盐型、铜盐型和铁盐型的改性产物,分别制备了上述各种产物的均质膜并对其各种性能进行了表征。一、改性反应 用98%的浓硫酸在40 ℃和60 ℃的条件下对PES-C、PEK-C进行了磺化改性。结果表明在上述条件下可以得到综合性能(机械强度,气体透过性等)最佳的改性产物,其磺化度(Xs)控制在0.1-0.4之间。通过IR确认了磺化反应的进行,~1H-NMR和~(13)C-NMR等进一步肯定了磺化反应发生在酚酞单元醚氧键的禽位氢原子上,和理论推测相一致也和文献报导的PEEK的磺化反应位置相同。二、性能表征 改性后的PES-C和PEK-C的溶解能力有所下降,由于-SO_3H的极性影响,几乎失去了在卤代烃中的溶解能力,而只能溶于几种强的非质子极性溶剂中,用DSC,动态粘弹谱仪测得磺化后的产物(SPES-C和SPEK-C)的Tg随磺化度的增大而呈线性升高,但在高磺化度(Xs > 0.5)时由于其它因素影响而偏离线性关系。三、气体透过性能采用压力法测定了SPES-C和SPEK- C 的各种改性产物(自由酸型SPES-C-H, 钠盐型SPES-C-Na,铜盐型SPES-C-Cu,铁盐型SPES-C-Fe,SPEK-C与此相同)的氮气、氧气透过率。结果表明与它们各自的原聚合物相比,氮气、氧气的透过率均随磺化度的增加而线性下降,特别是成盐后的产物气体透过率下降更大,此现象说明了引进离子基团后自由体积发生了较大的变化。四、水蒸汽的透过性能 利用透湿杯法分别测定了不同磺化度和不同盐型的水蒸汽透过率。由于磺酸基的引入大大地改善了PEK-C和PES-C的亲水性能,因此水蒸汽的透过率(PH_2O)提高幅度较大。在上述四种改性产物中自由酸型的透水蒸汽率最高,这和-SO_3H与水分子之间有很好的氢键作用是相关的。其它三种盐的PH_2O和Xs之间也呈线性相关性,随Xs的增大而提高。如果同时考虑到气体透过率数据则水蒸汽对氮气的选择性(PH_2O/PN_2)以盐型最佳,其αH_2O N_2可以高达几十万,是一种非常有希望的气体除湿膜的候选材料。

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An asymmetric MOSFET-C band-pass filter(BPF)with on chip charge pump auto-tuning is presented.It is implemented in UMC (United Manufacturing Corporation)0.18μm CMOS process technology. The filter system with auto-tuning uses a master-slave technique for continuous tuning in which the charge pump OUtputs 2.663 V, much higher than the power supply voltage, to improve the linearity of the filter. The main filter with third order low-pass and second order high-pass properties is an asymmetric band-pass filter with bandwidth of 2.730-5.340 MHz. The in-band third order harmonic input intercept point(HP3) is 16.621 dBm,wim 50 Ω as the source impedance. The input referred noise iS about 47.455μVrms. The main filter dissipates 3.528 mW while the auto-tuning system dissipates 2.412 mW from a 1.8 V power supply. The filter with the auto-tuning system occupies 0.592 mm~2 and it can be utilized in GPS (global positioning system)and Bluetooth systems.

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异质外延法是目前制备新型SOI材料的技术途径之一。采用低压化学气相沉积技术(LPCVD)在硅衬底上先外延r-A1-2O-3绝缘单晶薄膜,制备出硅衬底上外延氧化物外延结构r-Al-2O-3/Si(EOS),然后采用类似SOS薄膜生长的常压CVD(APCVD)方法在EOS上外延硅单晶薄膜,形成新型硅基双异质SOl材料Si/r-Al-2O-3/Si。利用反射高能电子衍射(RHEED)、X射线衍射(XRD)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)及MOS电学测量等技术表征分析了Si(100)/r-Al-2O-3(100)/Si(100)SOI异质结构的晶体结构、组分和电学性能。测试结果表明,已成功实现了高质量的新型双异质外延SOI结构材料Si(100)/ r-Al-2O-3(100)/Si(100),r-Al-2O-3与Si外延薄膜均为单晶,r-Al-2O-3薄膜具有良好绝缘性能,SOI结构界面清晰陡峭,该SOI材料可应用于CMOS电路的研制。

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Isospin asymmetry is very important in the nuclear equation of state (EOS), isotope yield from the projectile fragments can give information of the reaction process. In this paper projectile fragment yields are measured in the collision Ar-36,Ar-40 + Ni-64 at incident energy 50 MeV/u with different isospin asymmetry project Ar-36,Ar-40, data analysis, particle identification and event selection are described. Isotope yields are compared in these two reactions, and axe also compared with the empirical parametrization of fragmentation cross-section calculated by EPAX.

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The cooling storage ring, to be built at Lanzhou, will be able to deliver heavy ion beams up to uranium up to 0.52 GeV/u. It is expected to make considerable contribution to nuclear EOS study in the high net baryon-density region. With a relativistic transport model, we performed simulations for U+U collisions with different orientations. It is shown that by combining the forward neutron multiplicity and an event-wise elliptic flow selection, it is possible to identify the tip - tip and body - body head-on collisions. The effective identification of these two extreme configurations will allow us to study the EOS at the highest baryon density in the U+U collisions.

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Antikaon condensation and kaon and antikaon production in protoneutron stars are investigated in a chiral hadronic model (also referred to as the FST model in this paper). The effects of neutrino trapping on protoneutron stars are analyzed systematically. It is shown that neutrino trapping makes the critical density of K- condensation delay to higher density and (K) over bar (0) condensation not occur. The equation of state (EOS) of (proto)neutron star matter with neutrino trapping is stiffer than that without neutrino trapping, As a result, the maximum masses of (proto)neutron stars with neutrino trapping are larger than those without neutrino trapping. If hyperons are taken into account, antikaon does not form a condensate in (Proto)neutron stars. Meanwhile, the corresponding EOS becomes much softer, and the maximum masses of (proto)neutron stars are smaller than those without hyprons. Finally, our results illustrate that the Q values for K+ and K- production in (proto)neutron stars are not sensitive to neutrino trapping and inclusion of hyperons.

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Deconfinement phase transition and condensation of Goldstone bosons in neutron star matter are investigated in a chiral hadronic model (also referred as to the FST model) for the hadronic phase (HP) and in the color-flavor-locked (CFL) quark model for the deconfined quark phase. It is shown that the hadronic-CFL mixed phase (MP) exists in the center of neutron stars with a small bag constant, while the CFL quark matter cannot appear in neutron stars when a large bag constant is taken. Color superconductivity softens the equation of state (EOS) and decreases the maximum mass of neutron stars compared with the unpaired quark matter. The K-0 condensation in the CFL phase has no remarkable contribution to the EOS and properties of neutron star matter. The EOS and the properties of neutron star matter are sensitive to the bag constant B, the strange quark mass m(s) and the color superconducting gap Delta. Increasing B and m(s) or decreasing Delta can stiffen the EOS which results in the larger maximum masses of neutron stars.

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The status of the HIRFL (Heavy Ion Facility in Lanzhou) - Cooler Storage Ring (CSR) at the IMP is reported. The main physics goals at the HIRFL-CSR are the researches on nuclear structure and decay property, EOS of nuclear matter, hadron physics, highly charged atomic physics, high energy density physics, nuclear astrophysics, and applications for cancer therapy, space industries, materials and biology sciences. The HIRFL-CSR is the first ion cooler-storage-ring system in China, which consists of a main ring (CSRm), an experimental ring (CSRe) and a radioactive beamline (RIBLL2). The two existing cyclotrons SFC (K=70) and SSC (K=450) are used as its injectors. The 7MeV/u12C6+ ions were stored successfully in CSRm with the stripping injection in January 2006. After that, realized were the accelerations of C-12(6+), Ar-36(18+), Kr-78(28+) and Xe-129(27+) ions with energies of 1GeV/u, 1GeV/u, 450 MeV/u and 235 MeV/u, respectively, including accumulation, electron cooling and acceleration. In 2008, the first two isochronous mass measurement experiments with the primary beams of Ar-36(18+) and Kr-78(28+) were performed at CSRe with the Delta p/p similar to 10(-5).

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We investigate the effect of the calar-isovector delta-meson field on the equation of state (EOS) and composition of hyperonic neutron star matter, and the properties of hyperonic neutron stars within the frame work of the relativistic mean field theory. The influence of the delta-field turns out to be quite different and generally weaker for hyperonic neutron star matter as compared to that for npe mu neutron star matter. We find that inclusion of the delta-field enhances the strangeness content slightly and consequently moderately softens the EOS of neutron star matter in its hyperonic phase. As for the composition of hyperonic star matter, the effect of the delta-field is shown to shift the onset of the negatively-charged (positively-charged) hyperons to slightly lower (higher) densities and to enhance (reduce) their abundances. The influence of the delta-field on the maximum mass of hyperonic neutron stars is found to be fairly weak, where as inclusion of the delta-field turns out to enhance sizably both the radii and the moments of inertia of neutron stars with given masses. It is also shown that the effects of the delta-field on the properties of hyperonic neutron stars remain similar in the case of switching off the Sigma hyperons.

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The nuclear symmetry energy E-sym(rho) is the most uncertain part of the Equation of State (EOS) of dense neutron-rich nuclear matter. In this talk, we discuss the underlying physics responsible for the uncertain E-sym(rho) especially at supra-saturation densities, the circumstantial evidence for a super-soft E-sym(rho) from analyzing pi(-)/pi(+) ratio in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and its impacts on astrophysics and cosmology.