425 resultados para ECTS


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Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by a low bone mineral density (BMD) and a micro-architectural (MA) deterioration. Clinical risk factors (CRF) are often used as a MA approximation. MA is yet evaluable in daily practice by the trabecular bone score (TBS) measure. TBS is very simple to obtain, by reanalyzing a lumbar DXA-scan. TBS has proven to have diagnosis and prognosis values, partially independent of CRF and BMD. The aim of the OsteoLaus cohort is to combine in daily practice the CRF and the information given by DXA (BMD, TBS and vertebral fracture assessment (VFA)) to better identify women at high fracture risk. The OsteoLaus cohort (1400 women 50 to 80 years living in Lausanne, Switzerland) started in 2010. This study is derived from the cohort COLAUS who started in Lausanne in 2003. The main goal of COLAUS is to obtain information on the epidemiology and genetic determinants of cardiovascular risk in 6700 men and women. CRF for OP, bone ultrasound of the heel, lumbar spine and hip BMD, VFA by DXA and MA evaluation by TBS are recorded in OsteoLaus. Preliminary results are reported. We included 631 women: mean age 67.4 ± 6.7 years, BMI 26.1 ± 4.6, mean lumbar spine BMD 0.943 ± 0.168 (T-score − 1.4 SD), and TBS 1.271 ± 0.103. As expected, correlation between BMD and site matched TBS is low (r2 = 0.16). Prevalence of VFx grade 2/3, major OP Fx and all OP Fx is 8.4%, 17.0% and 26.0% respectively. Age- and BMI-adjusted ORs (per SD decrease) are 1.8 (1.2-2.5), 1.6 (1.2-2.1), and 1.3 (1.1-1.6) for BMD for the different categories of fractures and 2.0 (1.4-3.0), 1.9 (1.4-2.5), and 1.4 (1.1-1.7) for TBS respectively. Only 32 to 37% of women with OP Fx have a BMD < − 2.5 SD or a TBS < 1.200. If we combine a BMD < − 2.5 SD or a TBS < 1.200, 54 to 60% of women with an osteoporotic Fx are identified. As in the already published studies, these preliminary results confirm the partial independence between BMD and TBS. More importantly, a combination of TBS subsequent to BMD increases significantly the identification of women with prevalent OP Fx which would have been misclassified by BMD alone. For the first time we are able to have complementary information about fracture (VFA), density (BMD), micro- and macro architecture (TBS and HAS) from a simple, low ionizing radiation and cheap device: DXA. Such complementary information is very useful for the patient in the daily practice and moreover will likely have an impact on cost effectiveness analysis.

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La intenció d'aquest article és presentar I'experiencia pedagbgica portada a terme als estudis de magisteri -especialitat educació infantil-, durant el curs 2004105 i 2005/06. El treball que presentem és fruit d'un projecte que neix en el context de la reflexió que comporta la implementacio del sistema europeu de transferencia i acumulació de crPdits (ECTS) en els estudis superiors, de la inquietud d'innovar i del convenciment de la importincia que té treballar de manera cooperativa i interdiscipliniria en el si d'un centre educatiu. El treball té com a finalitat donar impuls a la cultura de la qualitat a través de la detecció, del seguiment, de la difusió i de l'intercanvi de les bones practiques a l'etapa d'educació infantil que es porten a terme en els centres d'ensenyament on els estudiants de primer curs realitzen les seves prictiques, i ensenyar i aprendre a treballar cooperativament. La manera més 16gica d'emfasitzar l'us del coneixement i les habilitats dels estudiants dins d'un marc cooperatiu, tal com es trobaran quan siguin membres de la societat, és dedicar molt de temps a l'aprenentatge d'aquestes habilitats en relacions cooperatives amb els altres. Uohnson i Johnson, 1977, p.62-63) S'ha treballat de manera cooperativa i interdisciplinhria, tant pel que fa al professorat de les diferents assignatures implicades (Seminari/ Practicum, Noves Tecnologies Aplicades a l1EducaciÓ i Educació Plhstica) com en la forma d'organització del treball a l'aula per part de l'alumnat en equips cooperatius.

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[eng] The individual work of the student, in the European space for higher education, takes a particular relevance. At the same time, in this context, a complex challenge is presented to the professors, in the educational and formative work aimed at the students as well as in the organization of educational plans. Among the different activities that the system of ECTS comprises, we can highlight the preparation and accomplishment of examinations. This fact means to integrate into the learning process the individual and autonomous work that the students have to carry out to acquire the knowledge and to surpass the evaluation test. To achieve this objective, a database including multiple choice questions with three possible answers has been developed (similar to those composing part of the Pharmaceutical Technology test). This database has a design that facilitates its use by professors and students interested in this area and allows as the interactive evaluation of obligatory and optional subjects from the formal point of view, as a corporate recreational environment to make their employment more attractive for the students. The edition of the Web page of the Pharmaceutical Technology Teaching Innovation Group of the UB has been used to place this database within everybody"s reach. [spa] El trabajo individual del alumno adquiere, dentro del marco europeo de educación superior, una particular relevancia. Al mismo tiempo, en este contexto, a los profesores se nos presenta un reto complejo, tanto en nuestra labor docente y formativa del alumno, como en la organización de los planes docentes. De las distintas actividades que engloba el crédito europeo podemos destacar la preparación y realización de exámenes, hecho que supone integrar en el proceso de aprendizaje el trabajo individual y autónomo que realiza el estudiante para adquirir los conocimientos y superar las pruebas de evaluación. Para conseguir este objetivo se ha planteado la elaboración de una base de preguntas con tres respuestas posibles (del tipo de las que componen parte de los exámenes de Tecnología Farmacéutica), en forma de base de datos con un formato que facilite su utilización por parte de profesores y alumnos interesados en este ámbito y que permita tanto la evaluación interactiva de las asignaturas troncales y optativas desde el punto de vista formal, como su aplicación en un entorno lúdico corporativo para hacer más atrayente su empleo por los estudiantes. Se ha aprovechado la edición de la página Web del Grupo de Innovación Docente de Tecnología Farmacéutica de la UB para ponerlo al alcance de todos.

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Presentem el Projecte d'Innovació Docent que es porta a terme des de la Unitat d'Infermeria de Salut Mental de l'Escola d'Infermeria de la Universitat de Barcelona dins de la formació especialitzada d'Infermeria de Salut Mental. Aquesta especialitat es desenvolupa en règim de residència clínica on el EIR (Enfermero Interno Residente) rep formació des de l'àmbit assistencial i docent. El portafoli de l'alumne es planteja com un instrument d'autoaprenentatge reflexiu que ha de contribuir a facilitar l'adaptació de la formació global del EIR als criteris del Espai Europeu de Formació Superior on el treball de l'alumne (concretat en el crèdit ECTS) és l'eix central de les metodologies docents.

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Objetivo: Analizar la opinión de los alumnos sobre la utilización del forum de los dossiers electrónicos para resolver casos mediante aprendizaje colaborativo. Resultados: Más del 70% de los alumnos consideran que este método ha sido muy útil para ampliar conocimientos, facilitar su aprendizaje, fomentar el diálogo entre compañeros y que ha aumentado su motivación por aprender. La media de horas empleada para la realización del trabajo ha sido de 7,37. Los aspectos más interesantes destacados por los alumnos han sido: 'que fomenta el diálogo con los compañeros' (38%), que 'el aprendizaje se ha realizado mediante la búsqueda de información' (17%) y 'la utilidad de los casos para la práctica real' (14%). De los aspectos mejorables destacan que: 'incluirían más casos' (17%), y 'la repetición de información'. Una cuarta parte está satisfecha con la metodología y creen que 'no hay ningún aspecto a mejorar'. Conclusiones: El método ha tenido una buena aceptación por parte de los alumnos y ha resultado una experiencia satisfactoria, fomentando el aprendizaje colaborativo y estimulando su trabajo personal. Por nuestra parte consideramos que puede ser una metodología a tener en cuenta para la adaptación a los nuevos créditos europeos ECTS.

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Objetivo: Analizar la opinión de los alumnos sobre la utilización del forum de los dossiers electrónicos para resolver casos mediante aprendizaje colaborativo. Resultados: Más del 70% de los alumnos consideran que este método ha sido muy útil para ampliar conocimientos, facilitar su aprendizaje, fomentar el diálogo entre compañeros y que ha aumentado su motivación por aprender. La media de horas empleada para la realización del trabajo ha sido de 7,37. Los aspectos más interesantes destacados por los alumnos han sido: 'que fomenta el diálogo con los compañeros' (38%), que 'el aprendizaje se ha realizado mediante la búsqueda de información' (17%) y 'la utilidad de los casos para la práctica real' (14%). De los aspectos mejorables destacan que: 'incluirían más casos' (17%), y 'la repetición de información'. Una cuarta parte está satisfecha con la metodología y creen que 'no hay ningún aspecto a mejorar'. Conclusiones: El método ha tenido una buena aceptación por parte de los alumnos y ha resultado una experiencia satisfactoria, fomentando el aprendizaje colaborativo y estimulando su trabajo personal. Por nuestra parte consideramos que puede ser una metodología a tener en cuenta para la adaptación a los nuevos créditos europeos ECTS.

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La integració en el sistema universitari europeu i la implantació dels ECTS suposa un repte tant per als alumnes com per als professors, ja que implica un canvi en la metodologia utilitzada en els processos d"ensenyament-aprenentatge. El Grup d"Innovació Docent Ensenyar a Aprendre Fisiologia, de la UB es va plantejar que abans de la implantació del nou sistema, calia un coneixement objectiu de l"estat actual de les metodologies emprades en els processos d"ensenyament- aprenentatge, i de la utilització real que els alumnes en fan d"aquestes metodologies per tal de contribuir a la reflexió per a l"inici del procés de implantació del nou sistema. Així doncs, mostrem en aquest article els resultats d"un projecte de recerca en docència (REDICE-04) en què, basant-nos en enquestes, vam poder copsar l"opinió dels alumnes sobre els mètodes docents actuals, i conèixer la metodologia d"aprenentatge emprada pels alumnes que cursen el primer cicle de l"ensenyament de Farmàcia.

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La fiscalidad ambiental constituye en la actualidad un elemento importante de las reformas tributarias en un número elevado de países modificando, aunque en distinto grado, las condiciones de eficiencia y equidad de los sistemas fiscales. Desde un punto de vista docente, la enseñanza de la fiscalidad ambiental ofrece amplias posibilidades al tratarse de un tema que engarza con la hacienda pública desde diversas perspectivas: fallos de mercado, bienes públicos globales, teoría de la imposición y federalismo fiscal. En este artículo se presentan dos experiencias docentes que abordan la fiscalidad ambiental en sendas asignaturas de libre elección realizadas en las Universidades de Barcelona y Zaragoza, poniendo el énfasis en aquellos aspectos metodológicos más novedosos y tratando su posible adaptación al marco de los ECTS.

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Los ejercicios interactivos de autoevaluación son una herramienta muy útil para fomentar el aprendizaje autónomo del estudiante. El programa Hot Potatoes permite el diseño de actividades interactivas para la evaluación formativa, con la incorporación de un sistema de retroacción que refuerza los contenidos no asimilados cuando la respuesta no es correcta. El objetivo de estudio es averiguar la opinión de los estudiantes sobre la utilización del programa Hot Potatoes. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en la promoción 2006-2007 de la asignatura Enfermería Maternal II. Los datos se recogieron a través de un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc. Resultados: Los ejercicios mejor valorados y considerados de menor dificultad fueron los de opción múltiple; los más difíciles fueron los textos desordenados y los ejercicios de rellenar huecos. Todos los estudiantes consideraron que el método motivó su interés por la asignatura y facilitó su aprendizaje. El 71% considera que el método le ha servido para adquirir conocimientos y ha sido muy útil como herramienta de estudio. Los aspectos que consideran más interesantes incluyen que: son un método de repaso y estudio, facilitan el aprendizaje de una forma amena y permiten conocer el nivel de conocimientos y corregir los errores durante el aprendizaje. Entre los aspectos que mejorarían destacan que incluirían más ejercicios y un número de preguntas más elevado. Conclusiones: El método ha tenido una buena aceptación y ha fomentado el aprendizaje autónomo. Consideramos que se trata de una estrategia de autoevaluación adecuada para la adaptación a los nuevos créditos europeos (ECTS).

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Los ejercicios interactivos de autoevaluación son una herramienta muy útil para fomentar el aprendizaje autónomo del estudiante. El programa Hot Potatoes permite el diseño de actividades interactivas para la evaluación formativa, con la incorporación de un sistema de retroacción que refuerza los contenidos no asimilados cuando la respuesta no es correcta. El objetivo de estudio es averiguar la opinión de los estudiantes sobre la utilización del programa Hot Potatoes. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en la promoción 2006-2007 de la asignatura Enfermería Maternal II. Los datos se recogieron a través de un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc. Resultados: Los ejercicios mejor valorados y considerados de menor dificultad fueron los de opción múltiple; los más difíciles fueron los textos desordenados y los ejercicios de rellenar huecos. Todos los estudiantes consideraron que el método motivó su interés por la asignatura y facilitó su aprendizaje. El 71% considera que el método le ha servido para adquirir conocimientos y ha sido muy útil como herramienta de estudio. Los aspectos que consideran más interesantes incluyen que: son un método de repaso y estudio, facilitan el aprendizaje de una forma amena y permiten conocer el nivel de conocimientos y corregir los errores durante el aprendizaje. Entre los aspectos que mejorarían destacan que incluirían más ejercicios y un número de preguntas más elevado. Conclusiones: El método ha tenido una buena aceptación y ha fomentado el aprendizaje autónomo. Consideramos que se trata de una estrategia de autoevaluación adecuada para la adaptación a los nuevos créditos europeos (ECTS).

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The aim of this paper was to explore whether self-efficacy as teacher and researcher perceived by university lecturers was related to teaching styles and approaches. Two instruments were administered to 259 teachers at the University of Girona (Spain), who were active researchers and had a teaching workload of 9 ECTS or above. The results showed that self-efficacy as a researcher was the variable which yielded most differences. The higher the self-efficacy of the researcher, the stronger the belief that teaching was guided by research. Certain beliefs about the teaching-research nexus were very different according to the degree of self-efficacy as a researcher, while there were fewer differences in terms of gender and field of study

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The work presented here describes a part of the experience carried out during the last two academic years in a course called New Technologies Applied to Education within the Teacher Training Studies of the Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology of the University of Girona. It is a project that involves students working on a proposal closely related to their future professional lives. In it they simulate their intervention in a school staff meeting at which the introduction of ICT into the curriculum is being discussed. This proposal is presented in a WebQuest format. Various individual and group tasks allow the students to acquire knowledge about educational programmes and resources available on the web and to discuss their possible teaching applications in the context of a specific school situation, leading to an analysis of the curricular implications associated with the educational use of the ICT from the teacher’s perspective. During the last two academic years assessments by both the students and the teaching staff have been gathered in order to redesign the proposal and calculate the time necessary for the development of each task following the ECTS system. This proposal, although formulated within the context of current degree programmes, implies a way of working guided by the plans of European convergence (ECTS). In the future it is hoped to establish an interdisciplinary proposal focusing on various subjects of the degree leading to the development of some of the capabilities established in our university’s degree courses in Early Childhood and Primary Teacher Training following the plans of European convergence (ECTS)

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Innovativity and cooperative learning in business life and teaching The study comprises four articles and a summary, which analyse the concepts of innovation and innovativity and the cooperative learning connected to the innovation processes of companies. Th e study comments on what is innovativity. Another point of inspection is how the cooperative learning theory constructed on the basis of educational science lends it self to inspecting business innovations. At the end, we ponder upon how the concepts of innovativity can be used to inspect teachers’ activities. The studied business innovations were chosen on after considering expert statements. The key personnel in the innovation process were interviewed. The concept of innovation is inspected especially with the aid of concept analysis. The pedagogical innovativity study based on the view of education specialists in quantitative and the data was collected with a questionnaire created on the basis of previous research and literature. Different research methods were used in the studies, thus mixed methods were used for the whole of the doctoral thesis. The starting point for the whole, grounded theory, has to be understood here as a research strategy as well as a research method and data analysis method. The results show that innovativity is creativity that demands versatile learning and has positive eff ects on the process or event in practice. The results also show that in successful innovation businesses cooperative learning is something that has been found instead of searched. Cooperative learning can be seen as characteristic for innovation businesses. The five stage division of cooperative learning creates a useful method of analysing learning in innovation businesses. Innovativity connected to cooperative learning seems to make the creation of innovations possible. In addition to this, the results also show that a teacher’s innovativity is connected to reforms and an attitude that embraces them. Versatile learning in the individual and community is a prerequisite for innovativity. It is important that the teacher has a continuous will to renew teaching methods and combine work and teaching methods. The basic requirements are pedagogical vocational profi ciency and resourcefulness in everyday work.

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A high-speed and high-voltage solid-rotor induction machine provides beneficial features for natural gas compressor technology. The mechanical robustness of the machine enables its use in an integrated motor-compressor. The technology uses a centrifugal compressor, which is mounted on the same shaft with the high-speed electrical machine driving it. No gearbox is needed as the speed is determined by the frequency converter. The cooling is provided by the process gas, which flows through the motor and is capable of transferring the heat away from the motor. The technology has been used in the compressors in the natural gas supply chain in the central Europe. New areas of application include natural gas compressors working at the wellheads of the subsea gas reservoir. A key challenge for the design of such a motor is the resistance of the stator insulation to the raw natural gas from the well. The gas contains water and heavy hydrocarbon compounds and it is far harsher than the sales gas in the natural gas supply network. The objective of this doctoral thesis is to discuss the resistance of the insulation to the raw natural gas and the phenomena degrading the insulation. The presence of partial discharges is analyzed in this doctoral dissertation. The breakdown voltage of the gas is measured as a function of pressure and gap distance. The partial discharge activity is measured on small samples representing the windings of the machine. The electrical field behavior is also modeled by finite element methods. Based on the measurements it has been concluded that the discharges are expected to disappear at gas pressures above 4 – 5 bar. The disappearance of discharges is caused by the breakdown strength of the gas, which increases as the pressure increases. Based on the finite element analysis, the physical length of a discharge seen in the PD measurements at atmospheric pressure was approximated to be 40 – 120 m. The chemical aging of the insulation when exposed to raw natural gas is discussed based on a vast set of experimental tests with the gas mixture representing the real gas mixture at the wellhead. The mixture was created by mixing dry hydrocarbon gas, heavy hydrocarbon compounds, monoethylene glycol, and water. The mixture was chosen to be more aggressive by increasing the amount of liquid substances. Furthermore, the temperature and pressure were increased, which resulted in accelerated test conditions. The time required to detect severe degradation was thus decreased. The test program included a comparison of materials, an analysis of the e ects of di erent compounds in the gas mixture, namely water and heavy hydrocarbons, on the aging, an analysis of the e ects of temperature and exposure duration, and also an analysis on the e ect of sudden pressure changes on the degradation of the insulating materials. It was found in the tests that an insulation consisting of mica, glass, and epoxy resin can tolerate the raw natural gas, but it experiences some degradation. The key material in the composite insulation is the resin, which largely defines the performance of the insulation system. The degradation of the insulation is mostly determined by the amount of gas mixture di used into it. The di usion was seen to follow Fick’s second law, but the coe cients were not accurately defined. The di usion was not sensitive to temperature, but it was dependent upon the thermodynamic state of the gas mixture, in other words, the amounts of liquid components in the gas. The weight increase observed was mostly related to heavy hydrocarbon compounds, which act as plasticizers in the epoxy resin. The di usion of these compounds is determined by the crosslink density of the resin. Water causes slight changes in the chemical structure, but these changes do not significantly contribute to the aging phenomena. Sudden changes in pressure can lead to severe damages in the insulation, because the motion of the di used gas is able to create internal cracks in the insulation. Therefore, the di usion only reduces the mechanical strength of the insulation, but the ultimate breakdown can potentially be caused by a sudden drop in the pressure of the process gas.

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Filtration is a widely used unit operation in chemical engineering. The huge variation in the properties of materials to be ltered makes the study of ltration a challenging task. One of the objectives of this thesis was to show that conventional ltration theories are di cult to use when the system to be modelled contains all of the stages and features that are present in a complete solid/liquid separation process. Furthermore, most of the ltration theories require experimental work to be performed in order to obtain critical parameters required by the theoretical models. Creating a good overall understanding of how the variables a ect the nal product in ltration is somewhat impossible on a purely theoretical basis. The complexity of solid/liquid separation processes require experimental work and when tests are needed, it is advisable to use experimental design techniques so that the goals can be achieved. The statistical design of experiments provides the necessary tools for recognising the e ects of variables. It also helps to perform experimental work more economically. Design of experiments is a prerequisite for creating empirical models that can describe how the measured response is related to the changes in the values of the variable. A software package was developed that provides a ltration practitioner with experimental designs and calculates the parameters for linear regression models, along with the graphical representation of the responses. The developed software consists of two software modules. These modules are LTDoE and LTRead. The LTDoE module is used to create experimental designs for di erent lter types. The lter types considered in the software are automatic vertical pressure lter, double-sided vertical pressure lter, horizontal membrane lter press, vacuum belt lter and ceramic capillary action disc lter. It is also possible to create experimental designs for those cases where the variables are totally user de ned, say for a customized ltration cycle or di erent piece of equipment. The LTRead-module is used to read the experimental data gathered from the experiments, to analyse the data and to create models for each of the measured responses. Introducing the structure of the software more in detail and showing some of the practical applications is the main part of this thesis. This approach to the study of cake ltration processes, as presented in this thesis, has been shown to have good practical value when making ltration tests.