Virus Papiloma Humano en el carcinoma escamoso de cabeza y cuello

Els carcinomes de cèl•lules escamoses de cap i coll (CCECC) estan relacionats en un 80% dels casos amb el tabac i/o l’alcohol. Per altra banda, la infecció per virus papil•loma humà (VPH), la malaltia de transmissió sexual més freqüent als Estats Units actualment, ha resultat ser oncogènica no només a nivell genital sinó també a nivell del tracte aero-digestiu superior, sobretot a oro-faringe. Els estudis realitzats a posteriori han demostrat que els pacients amb CCECC VPH+ no fumadors ni bebedors, solen ser més joves, presentar diferents marcadors tumorals, respondre més al tractament i tenir millor pronòstic.

A comparative study of the preventative effects exerted by two probiotics, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus fermentum, in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis

The intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics isolated from breast milk, Lactobacillus reuteri and L. fermentum, were evaluated and compared in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis. Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic administration of 10 mg TNBS dissolved in 50% ethanol (0.25 ml). Either L. reuteri or L. fermentum was daily administered orally (5 x 10(8) colony-forming units suspended in 0.5 ml skimmed milk) to each group of rats (n 10) for 3 weeks, starting 2 weeks before colitis induction. Colonic damage was evaluated histologically and biochemically, and the colonic luminal contents were used for bacterial studies and for SCFA production. Both probiotics showed intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in this model of experimental colitis, as evidenced histologically and by a significant reduction of colonic myeloperoxidase activity (P<0.05). L. fermentum significantly counteracted the colonic glutathione depletion induced by the inflammatory process. In addition, both probiotics lowered colonic TNFalpha levels (P<0.01) and inducible NO synthase expression when compared with non-treated rats; however, the decrease in colonic cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression was only achieved with L.fermentum administration. Finally, the two probiotics induced the growth of Lactobacilli species in comparison with control colitic rats, but the production of SCFA in colonic contents was only increased when L. fermentum was given. In conclusion, L. fermentum can exert beneficial immunomodulatory properties in inflammatory bowel disease, being more effective than L. reuteri, a probiotic with reputed efficacy in promoting beneficial effects on human health.

Complicated intra-abdominal infections in a worldwide context: an observational prospective study (CIAOW Study).

Despite advances in diagnosis, surgery, and antimicrobial therapy, mortality rates associated with complicated intra-abdominal infections remain exceedingly high. The World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) has designed the CIAOW study in order to describe the clinical, microbiological, and management-related profiles of both community- and healthcare-acquired complicated intra-abdominal infections in a worldwide context. The CIAOW study (Complicated Intra-Abdominal infection Observational Worldwide Study) is a multicenter observational study currently underway in 57 medical institutions worldwide. The study includes patients undergoing surgery or interventional drainage to address complicated intra-abdominal infections. This preliminary report includes all data from almost the first two months of the six-month study period. Patients who met inclusion criteria with either community-acquired or healthcare-associated complicated intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) were included in the study. 702 patients with a mean age of 49.2 years (range 18-98) were enrolled in the study. 272 patients (38.7%) were women and 430 (62.3%) were men. Among these patients, 615 (87.6%) were affected by community-acquired IAIs while the remaining 87 (12.4%) suffered from healthcare-associated infections. Generalized peritonitis was observed in 304 patients (43.3%), whereas localized peritonitis or abscesses was registered in 398 (57.7%) patients.The overall mortality rate was 10.1% (71/702). The final results of the CIAOW Study will be published following the conclusion of the study period in March 2013.

Complicated intra-abdominal infections in Europe: a comprehensive review of the CIAO study.

The CIAO Study ("Complicated Intra-Abdominal infection Observational" Study) is a multicenter investigation performed in 68 medical institutions throughout Europe over the course of a 6-month observational period (January-June 2012).Patients with either community-acquired or healthcare-associated complicated intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) were included in the study.2,152 patients with a mean age of 53.8 years (range: 4-98 years) were enrolled in the study. 46.3% of the patients were women and 53.7% were men. Intraperitoneal specimens were collected from 62.2% of the enrolled patients, and from these samples, a variety of microorganisms were collectively identified.The overall mortality rate was 7.5% (163/2.152).According to multivariate analysis of the compiled data, several criteria were found to be independent variables predictive of patient mortality, including patient age, the presence of an intestinal non-appendicular source of infection (colonic non-diverticular perforation, complicated diverticulitis, small bowel perforation), a delayed initial intervention (a delay exceeding 24 hours), sepsis and septic shock in the immediate post-operative period, and ICU admission.Given the sweeping geographical distribution of the participating medical centers, the CIAO Study gives an accurate description of the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and treatment profiles of complicated intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) throughout Europe.

Complicated intra-abdominal infections worldwide: the definitive data of the CIAOW Study.

The CIAOW study (Complicated intra-abdominal infections worldwide observational study) is a multicenter observational study underwent in 68 medical institutions worldwide during a six-month study period (October 2012-March 2013). The study included patients older than 18 years undergoing surgery or interventional drainage to address complicated intra-abdominal infections (IAIs). 1898 patients with a mean age of 51.6 years (range 18-99) were enrolled in the study. 777 patients (41%) were women and 1,121 (59%) were men. Among these patients, 1,645 (86.7%) were affected by community-acquired IAIs while the remaining 253 (13.3%) suffered from healthcare-associated infections. Intraperitoneal specimens were collected from 1,190 (62.7%) of the enrolled patients. 827 patients (43.6%) were affected by generalized peritonitis while 1071 (56.4%) suffered from localized peritonitis or abscesses. The overall mortality rate was 10.5% (199/1898). According to stepwise multivariate analysis (PR = 0.005 and PE = 0.001), several criteria were found to be independent variables predictive of mortality, including patient age (OR = 1.1; 95%CI = 1.0-1.1; p < 0.0001), the presence of small bowel perforation (OR = 2.8; 95%CI = 1.5-5.3; p < 0.0001), a delayed initial intervention (a delay exceeding 24 hours) (OR = 1.8; 95%CI = 1.5-3.7; p < 0.0001), ICU admission (OR = 5.9; 95%CI = 3.6-9.5; p < 0.0001) and patient immunosuppression (OR = 3.8; 95%CI = 2.1-6.7; p < 0.0001).

Acute abdomen secondary to complete tubular colonic duplication.

We report the case of a 6-month-old infant who presented with a complete duplication of the large intestine, debuting clinically with acute abdomen and severe metabolic disorders. We discuss the pathogenesis and morphology of the lesions, diagnostic difficulties and peculiarities of surgical treatment.

High levels of Bifidobacteria are associated with increased levels of anthocyanin microbial metabolites: a randomized clinical trial.

The health benefits associated with the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods have been studied in depth, however, the full mechanism of action remains unknown. One of the proposed mechanisms is through microbiota interaction. In the present study, we aimed to explore the relationship between changes in fecal microbiota and changes in urinary phenolic metabolites after wine interventions. Nine participants followed a randomized, crossover, controlled interventional trial. After the washout period, they received red wine, dealcoholized red wine or gin for 20 days each. Polyphenol metabolites (n > 60) in urine were identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS and the microbial content of fecal samples was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Interventions with both red wine and dealcoholized red wine increased the fecal concentration of Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus and Eggerthella lenta, compared to gin intervention and baseline. When participants were categorized in tertiles of changes in fecal bacteria, those in the highest tertile of Bifidobacteria had higher urinary concentration changes in syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and homovanillic acid (all anthocyanin metabolites) than those in tertile 1 (P < 0.05, all). In addition, changes of Bifidobacteria correlated positively with changes of these metabolites (r = 0.5-0.7, P < 0.05, all). Finally, the 68.5% changes in Bifidobacteria can be predicted by syringic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid changes. This study confirms the important role of polyphenols as bacterial substrates and their modulatory capacity as an important field in the research of new products with prebiotic and probiotic characteristics for the food industry.

Phytobezoar by aloe vera as long term complication after oesophagectomy resolved using cellulase.

Bezoars are uncommon diseases caused by the presence of indigestible mass of strange material in the gastrointestinal tract. Gold-standard treatment remains unclear and there are not clinical guidelines to follow. We present a very rare case of 53-year-old man suffering phytobezoar in a gastroplasty after oesophagectomy due to aloe vera ingestion as natural medicine. Finally it was solved with cellulase. Therefore, this is a scarcely complication after esophagectomy. Cellulase is a very good option to treat phytobezoar avoiding reintervention in this kind of patient.

Infecção de sítio cirúrgico no seguimento pós-alta: impacto na incidência e avaliação dos métodos utilizados

Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo realizado em dois hospitais de ensino. Foram acompanhados 501 pacientes de agosto de 2001 a março de 2002, submetidos à cirurgia do aparelho digestivo, sendo diagnosticadas 140 infecções do sítio cirúrgico (ISC). 31 ISC intra-hospitalares e 109 após a alta. A incidência da ISC intra-hospitalar foi de 6,2%, elevando-se para 28,0% com a vigilância pós-alta. Os métodos de vigilância pós-alta são discutidos e dentre as várias opções não há uma recomendada como a melhor. Sugere-se, portanto, que algum tipo de vigilância após a alta seja realizada, mas a escolha do método dependerá dos recursos de cada instituição.

Infecção de sítio cirúrgico em hospital universitário: vigilância pós-alta e fatores de risco

Objetivou-se determinar a incidência da Infecção do Sítio Cirúrgico (ISC) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia do aparelho digestivo (CAD), durante a internação e após alta, verificar a ocorrência de associação entre a ISC e o tipo de cirurgia, tempo de internação, condição clínica do paciente, classificação e duração da cirurgia. Tratou-se de um estudo prospectivo e descritivo realizado em um hospital universitário de agosto de 2001 a março de 2002. De 357 pacientes sub-metidos à CAD, 64 ISC foram notificados, 16 na internação e 48 pós-alta, incidência de 4,5% e 13,9%, respectivamente. Verificou-se uma associação da ISC com o tempo de internação pré-operatório e a classificação da ferida operatória. A taxa global da ISC foi de 18,0%. Observou-se um aumento da ISC em quatro vezes quando a vigilância pós-alta foi realizada. Chama atenção que, caso a vigilância pós-alta não fosse realizada, a taxa global da ISC seria fortemente subnotificada.

Recuperación, erosión y retención de otolitos en bolos de Guanay: ¿son los bolos realmente buenos indicadores de la dieta?

Se estudió el porcentaje de recuperación, el grado de erosión y el tiempo máximo de retención de los otolitos en 13 guanayes en cautiverio. Las aves fueron alimentadas individualmente con peces enteros y frescos previamente medidos y marcados; produciendo en promedio (n=13) bolos en 55,05% de los días que duró el experimento. El 37,81% de las aves produjeron bolos con otolitos al día siguiente de haber consumido su alimento (n=2.134). En estos bolos se encontró que sólo el 14,79% de los otolitos y el 26,61 % de los cristalinos ingeridos son recuperados, variando el porcentaje de recuperación de acuerdo a la especie consumida. Se encontraron diferencias al comparar la distribución por tallas de las principales presas ingeridas con la distribución por tallas de estas especies reconstruida a partir de las longitudes o pesos de los otolitos recuperados. El 80% a 100% de los otolitos retenidos permanecen como máximo hasta tres días en el tracto digestivo del guanay, los otolitos grandes pueden permanecer hasta 9 días. La metodología que se propone permite tener una mejor aproximación de la dieta y mayor precisión al estimar el consumo de cada presa. Es posible estimar la cantidad real de alimento ingerido si se conoce el porcentaje de recuperación de los otolitos de las principales presas consumidas. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran que sin duda la información que proporcionan los bolos residuales es valiosa, pues permite conocer con gran precisión las pro­porciones en que se consumieron cada una de las presas. Sin embargo, la información sobre tallas de peces consumidos que se puede obtener a partir de los otolitos recuperados, plantea aún problemas que deben ser resueltos, en los cuales se deberá continuar investigando.

Cultivo de jundiás alimentados com dietas com casca de soja ou de algodão

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da fibra bruta da dieta, no crescimento, parâmetros digestivos, rendimento e qualidade de carcaça de juvenis de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) em tanques-rede. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x3 (duas fontes - cascas de soja e de algodão - e três níveis de fibra bruta: 4, 7 e 10%), com três repetições. Foram distribuídos 450 peixes (129,11± 7,8 g) ao acaso, em 18 tanques-rede (1 m³), com densidade de 25 peixes por tanque, em viveiro de terra de 0,1 ha. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: peso, comprimento total, ganho de peso, biomassa, sobrevivência, rendimento de carcaça e filé, composição química dos filés, índices digestivo e hepatossomáticos, quociente intestinal. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho de crescimento. Peixes alimentados com dietas com casca de soja apresentaram maior quantidade de gordura e minerais nos filés. As fontes e níveis de fibra das dietas testadas não afetam o desempenho produtivo do jundiá.

Substituição do fubá de milho por gérmen integral de milho na dieta de ovinos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do fubá de milho pelo gérmen integral de milho, sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes na dieta e sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça de ovinos Santa Inês. Quarenta animais, com peso inicial de 17,0±2,5 kg, foram confinados em baias individuais, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições. As taxas de substituição foram: 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. Ao abate, foram obtidos os pesos de carcaça quente e de trato digestivo cheio e vazio, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e o rendimento de cortes comerciais. A substituição do fubá de milho pelo gérmen integral reduziu linearmente o consumo de matéria seca e os coeficientes de digestibilidade de: matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e extrato etéreo. A conversão alimentar não foi afetada pelos tratamentos. O ganho médio diário, o peso vivo final, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura e os rendimentos de carcaça quente e de cortes comerciais diminuíram linearmente com o aumento nos níveis de substituição. A substituição do fubá de milho pelo gérmen integral de milho, nas dietas de ovinos, prejudica o desempenho e as características de carcaça dos animais.

Ultra-sonografia intra-operatória (usio) do pâncreas e das vias biliares

Os autores relatam as principais utilizações da ultra-sonografia intra-operatória (USIO) nas afecções bilio-pancreáticas. É relatada a metodologia para a realização do exame nesse setor do aparelho digestivo, indicando os principais achados e armadilhas na interpretação das imagens. São descritos alguns aspectos sonográficos à USIO de tumores pancreáticos, pancreatites, e de tumores e cálculos de vias biliares. Como a USIO vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada durante as cirurgias bilio-pancreáticas, os autores concluem enfatizando a importância de se conhecer essa metodologia de exame ultra-sonográfico.

Ultra-sonografia endoscópica (USE) da vesícula biliar e das vias biliares

Os autores relatam as principais utilizações da ultra-sonografia endoscópica nas afecções que envolvem a vesícula biliar e as vias biliares. São descritos, ainda, alguns aspectos sonográficos à ultra-sonografia endoscópica, de condições malignas e benignas que afetam essas estruturas do aparelho digestivo, ressaltando a importância dessa metodologia no diagnóstico dessas alterações.