1000 resultados para Construção urbana
Resumo:
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2016.
Resumo:
Dissertação de Mestrado, Arquitetura Paisagista, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016
Resumo:
Study public space is studying the city and its dynamics through a representation point. The changes that are observed in these spaces and in the relations established there, or with it, are related to changes that occurred in the city as a whole, in the urban way of living. Study public space allied to urban sociability permits an even better focus on this relation between people in these spaces and with the spaces and in the consequences and fragile aspects this relation can impose to people and cities. This work is aimed towards this relation between public space and urban sociability. Through a conceptual/theoretical discussion aims, specifically, comprehend how to establish and what is the relation between urban space and urban sociability (appropriation/perception of place, tendencies of seclusion), from an isolated analysis of each one of these themes in the contemporaneous city. The Brazilian public space has peculiar characteristics, arising from its historical process of construction, also influenced by the public sphere fragile construction that permeates it, as well as more recent variables such as the sensation of insecurity and commodification of these places. The urban sociability influences and is influenced along all this process of significance and reframing of the public space. The conceptual discussion about each isolate variable provides the necessary coverage for discussion and analysis of the relation between them and the consequence of this relation in the city, such as the notation of relevant experiences of this process of revaluation of the public space. The hereby search is not through a path to reestablish the relation as it already existed, but also for an understanding of the dynamic as is established today and for existing possibilities for maintenance and appreciation of the relation between people and the city by believing in its importance to urban life
Resumo:
At a time of changes on the territory during the 19th century, the political and socioeconomic elites of the province and later State of Rio Grande do Norte evolved a discourse in order to justify the permanence of Natal as a city holding a status of capital. In this work we analyze the means employed by the ruling classes to impose their wish to raise Natal to an outstanding position among the existing cities by intervening on the territory during a period of one hundred years (1820-1920). During that time, which was characterized by changing commercial flows and technological development, the elites interventions were essentially directed to the implementation of modes of transportation, especially the railway. We try to understand the reinforcement of Natal as a capital city not only in political and administrative terms, but mainly in a commercial and symbolic manner, through the discourse and interventions undertaken by the local administrative elites, who stimulated the creation of a set of relations on the territory that also imprinted visible marks in the capital s urban fabric. These interventions were based upon the establishment of an infrastructure for exporting the State s production, firstly through and despite the Potengi River, and later on by the construction of railways. Although the project of Natal s hegemony had been outlined before the establishment of the railway network, in both cases the ultimate objective was to reinforce and develop the capital city as a commercial urban center to the detriment of other cities
Resumo:
The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnación Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of Nísia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case
Resumo:
Esta investigação procura mostrar/problematizar programas que questionem a reutilização de lugares, através de uma proposta de projeto provisório de arquitetura, no panorama do Património Industrial, num processo de revitalização. O intuito é procurar modelos/ações que possam responder às transformações, partindo do problema do abandono, dos espaços pós-industriais. O objetivo principal consiste em criar um processo de aproximação à problemática da reutilização cujo processo de elaboração de projeto encontra nas suas formas de produção e operação um discurso que faz a síntese entre prática artística, posição curatorial e arquitetura, na elaboração de um programa para um lugar revitalizando-o. O objeto deste estudo faz parte de uma investigação de pesquisa por projeto e encontra lugar no conjunto arquitetónico da Fábrica Robinson, em Portalegre, cuja apropriação inicial de parte do Convento de S. Francisco dá hoje lugar ao Espaço Robinson. O reconhecimento deste conjunto, como lugar de encontro entre um passado recente e um futuro pendente, marcou a proposta projetual. Proposta de projeto temporário cujo conceito estabelece a viabilidade de apropriação como forma de atuação provisória, subjacente ao ato de reutilizar, criando novos programas de ocupação, promovendo novas ideias e definições de património e assim devolvendo o significado às estruturas industriais vazias. O que preservar e como conservar pode demarcar a importância de salvaguarda deste património e a previsão da sua transmissão para o futuro, fixada pela ideia de preservação. A Fábrica Robinson e a revitalização urbana deste espaço configura, hoje, uma nova oportunidade para estes conjuntos arquitetónicos, e a importância da sua salvaguarda, na valorização do Património Industrial. O trabalho pretende demonstrar a ordem de relação entre programa e lugar no debate interdisciplinar e a hipótese de concretização projetual que preencha um vazio temporalmente suspenso; ABSTRACT: Rethinking = Reuse: The abandonment as opportunity Robinson Factory: The instant in the construction of a provisory time This research aims to show architectural programs that question the reuse of places in the context of industrial heritage, through an architectural design, in a revitalization process. The aim is to look to models / actions that, starting with the abandonment problem, may answer to the post-industrial spaces transformations. The main goal is to create an approximation process to the problem of reuse, whose project design process finds in its production and operations forms a symbiosis between artistic practice, curatioral approach and architecture, in the development of a program to revitalize a place. The object of this study is part of a research project / research by design concerning the architectural complex Fábrica Robinson located in Portalegre, whose original appropriation of part of Convento de S. Francisco is today occupied by Espaço Robinson. The acknowledgment of this complex as a space placed in-between a recent past and a pending future marked the design proposed. A temporary design proposal whose concept establishes the validity of the temporary action, underlying to the act of reuse, creating new occupation programs, promoting new ideas and heritage definitions and thus given back meaning to the empry industrial structures. What to preserve and how to save may mark the importance of safeguarding this heritage and the prediction of its transmission to the future, set by the idea of preservation. The Fábrica Robinson and the urban regeneration of this area sets itself as a new opportunity to safeguard these architectural ensembles and enhance the value of the industrial heritage. This study intend to show the relationship between the program and a vacant place, through a temporary proposal, supported by the interdisciplinary debate and the hypothesis of design implementation that completes a void temporarily suspended.
Resumo:
Resumo O património eborense integra um conjunto muito notável de monumentos civis e religiosos que têm originado ao longo do tempo a formação e desenvolvimento de tecido urbano. Desse património ressalta-se a construção de casas religiosas disseminadas em espaço anexo ao primitivo recinto amuralhado tendo as suas comunidades residentes influenciado sobremaneira os habitantes da área circundante. Algumas dessas áreas foram ocupadas por complexos religiosos (S. Domingos - século XIII, Santa Clara - século XV, Santa Catarina de Sena e Santa Helena do Monte Calvário - século XVI). As intervenções projetadas nas antigas cercas monástico-conventuais realizadas posteriormente à exclaustração das ordens religiosas abrangem não apenas a construção dos espaços livres mas também pontualmente a reformulação, por vezes radical, das antigas estruturas pertencentes aos complexos religiosos já desativados. Nos espaços verdes que constituíam as antigas cercas, ocorreu a eliminação ou alteração de uso do solo de tais áreas e desapareceu simultaneamente muito do historial destes locais. A reorganização interior das construções e a reformulação volumétrica, adaptando-as às atuais exigências funcionais, determinam que as demolições sejam correntes nessas intervenções. A organização espacial inerente à vida monástico-conventual dissipa-se definitivamente com essas demolições, que ocasionam também o desaparecimento de um conjunto significativo de elementos construtivos, como por exemplo, elementos decorativos. Neste caso ou são levados, conjuntamente com o entulho das obras, para vazadouro público, ou em casos mais raros introduzidos nas novas construções erigidas no local, descontextualizados. A redução substancial das manchas verdes intramuros constituíram-se como abrigo para espécies animais, além do decréscimo de áreas de absorção de água para o subsolo foram aspetos controversos resultantes de tais tipos de intervenções na cidade. Os casos que são objeto do presente trabalho apresentam quatro situações distintas: reconstrução total de todo o espaço (Santa Catarina), reutilização de um antigo espaço monástico (Santa Clara), o espaço respeitante ao antigo convento de S. Domingos que se encontra parcialmente ocupado/loteado, e o espaço do Mosteiro do Calvário de dimensões muito consideráveis que atualmente se encontra expectante (antiga cerca) e reduzidamente ocupado (edifício). O objetivo é procurar estabelecer comparações entre quatro situações muito diferenciadas, com intervenções de maior ou menor qualidade para a regeneração urbana. Neste âmbito, a cartografia urbana histórica da cidade torna-se essencial para a compreensão evolutiva do tecido urbano.
Resumo:
Resumo: O património eborense integra um conjunto muito notável de monumentos civis e religiosos que têm originado ao longo do tempo a formação e desenvolvimento de tecido urbano. Desse património ressalta-se a construção de casas religiosas disseminadas em espaço anexo ao primitivo recinto amuralhado tendo as suas comunidades residentes influenciado sobremaneira os habitantes da área circundante. Algumas dessas áreas foram ocupadas por complexos religiosos (S. Domingos - século XIII, Santa Clara - século XV, Santa Catarina de Sena e Santa Helena do Monte Calvário - século XVI). As intervenções projetadas nas antigas cercas monástico-conventuais realizadas posteriormente à exclaustração das ordens religiosas abrangem não apenas a construção dos espaços livres mas também pontualmente a reformulação, por vezes radical, das antigas estruturas pertencentes aos complexos religiosos já desativados. Nos espaços verdes que constituíam as antigas cercas, ocorreu a eliminação ou alteração de uso do solo de tais áreas e desapareceu simultaneamente muito do historial destes locais. A reorganização interior das construções e a reformulação volumétrica, adaptando-as às atuais exigências funcionais, determinam que as demolições sejam correntes nessas intervenções. A organização espacial inerente à vida monástico-conventual dissipa-se definitivamente com essas demolições, que ocasionam também o desaparecimento de um conjunto significativo de elementos construtivos, como por exemplo, elementos decorativos. Neste caso ou são levados, conjuntamente com o entulho das obras, para vazadouro público, ou em casos mais raros introduzidos nas novas construções erigidas no local, descontextualizados. A redução substancial das manchas verdes intramuros constituíram-se como abrigo para espécies animais, além do decréscimo de áreas de absorção de água para o subsolo foram aspetos controversos resultantes de tais tipos de intervenções na cidade. Os casos que são objeto do presente trabalho apresentam quatro situações distintas: reconstrução total de todo o espaço (Santa Catarina), reutilização de um antigo espaço monástico (Santa Clara), o espaço respeitante ao antigo convento de S. Domingos que se encontra parcialmente ocupado/loteado, e o espaço do Mosteiro do Calvário de dimensões muito consideráveis que atualmente se encontra expectante (antiga cerca) e reduzidamente ocupado (edifício). O objetivo é procurar estabelecer comparações entre quatro situações muito diferenciadas, com intervenções de maior ou menor qualidade para a regeneração urbana. Neste âmbito, a cartografia urbana histórica da cidade torna-se essencial para a compreensão evolutiva do tecido urbano.
Resumo:
The behaviour of Nafion® polymeric membranes containing acid-base dyes, bromothymol blue (BB) and methyl violet (MV), were studied aiming at constructing an optical sensor for pH measurement. BB revealed to be inadequate for developing sensing phases due to the electrostatic repulsion between negative groups of their molecules and the negative charge of the sulfonate group of the Nafion®, which causes leaching of the dye from the membrane. On the other hand, MV showed to be suitable due to the presence of positive groups in its structure. The membrane prepared from a methanolic solution whose Nafion®/dye molar ratio was 20 presented the best analytical properties, changing its color from green to violet in the pH range from 0.6 to 3.0. The membrane can be prepared with good reproducibility, presenting durability of ca. 6 months and response time of 22 s, making possible its use for pH determination in flow analysis systems.
Resumo:
The high cost of sensitivity commercial calorimeters may represent an obstacle for many calorimetric research groups. This work describes the construction and calibration of a batch differential heat conduction calorimeter with sample cells volumes of about 400 μL. The calorimeter was built using two small high sensibility square Peltier thermoelectric sensors and the total cost was estimated to be about US$ 500. The calorimeter was used to study the excess enthalpy of solution of binary mixtures of liquids, as a function of composition, for the following binary systems of solvents: water + 1,4-dioxane or + dimethylsulfoxide at 298,2 ± 0,5 K.
Resumo:
Although learning strategies are important tools for schooling process, there is a lack of national instruments to evaluate their knowledge by brazilian students. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to describe the steps necessary for the construction of a scale to evaluate the learning strategies for basic education students and to present the preliminary study of its psychometric properties. It is also discussed the utility of this instrument for diagnosis, intervention and prevention in school and educational psychology.
Resumo:
This work indicates presuppositions for the qualitative research in Physical Education, starting with a literature review based on the cultural frame of reference. Firstly, we introduce the debate concerning the natural and the human sciences and implications for the Physical Education; we then use a cultural axis as a ground basis for the research in the area, proposing the 'dense description' as a possibility for knowledge building; finally, we bring up examples of studies conducted with such an approach. This theoretical methodological approach allows the study of the human being as a cultural being, thus opposed to the naturalised view of a human - predominant in Physical Education.
Resumo:
This article intends to discuss the relationship between morality, democracy and education within the perspective of the complex thinking, pointing to paths and proposals for its effective implementation in the educational routine, under the conviction that this is an imperative of the new social demands presented to the contemporary schooling. Understanding that one of the purposes of education is the ethical development, the author proposes intentional actions such that through them the school practices can offer to the subjects of education the necessary tools to build their cognitive, affective, cultural, and organic competence, thereby enabling them to act morally in the world. To that effect, seven aspects of school reality that hamper or contribute to school democratization are identified and discussed, which must be understood from the paradigm of complexity: school contents, classroom methodology, the nature of interpersonal relationships, the values, self-esteem and self-knowledge of the school community, as well as the school management processes.
Resumo:
Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
Resumo:
Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física