Aspecto éticos na organização do conhecimento na prática profissional arquivística: um estudo dos princípios de ética da AAB, CIA e SAA

An axiological discussion is drawn from the analysis of the three codes of ethics in archives developed by the Association of Brazilian Archivists (AAB), the International Council on Archives (ICA) and the Society of American Archivists (SAA), presenting a framework of ethical values for the activities related to the organization and representation of knowledge, thus contributing to the theoretical framework underlying the social issues in Archival science.

Desafıos do profıssional de saúde na notifıcação da violência: obrigatoriedade, efetivação e encaminhamento

The notification of the occurrence or suspicion of violence is mandatory for health professionals and is a key tool for epidemiological surveillance and the definition of public policies for prevention and intervention. However, professionals feel unprepared for this assignment, which renders underreporting prevalent. To address this issue, the objective is to identify the means available to the professional to submit notification as well as ensure due process follow-up. For this purpose, research and document analysis was conducted in Brazilian legislation, ordinances, and government programs, codes of ethics and consultation of the literature in databases on the subject over a period of five years to establish a brief comparative analysis with other countries. The conclusion drawn is that while some measures are inapplicable, knowledge about the appropriate process for the notification and routing to specific organs will enable healthcare professionals to make the appropriate decisions for the protection and safety of the victim, besides the measures in order to change this situation of violence in the country.

Aspectos éticos em organização da informação: um estudo em códigos de ética do profissional arquivista

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos éticos em organização da informação: um estudo em códigos de ética do profissional arquivista

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Culture in Transfer: Translation and Transcultural Communication International Conference

It is widely acknowledged that interpreters need to have knowledge of the cultures represented by the languages they work with (e.g. Roy 2002, Angelelli 2004, Wadensjŏ 2008). However, it is not clear what interpreters are expected to do with this knowledge. Some scholars recommend that interpreters be cultural mediators (e.g. Katan 2004 & 2014). As an attempt to examine existing guidelines on interpreters’ roles in the face of cultures/cultural issues, the research reported in this paper compares and contrasts the codes of conduct for interpreters from a number of associations and institutions in the UK, the US and China. The research has collected three different sets of data and has sought to investigate (1) in what ways interpreters are expected to do with their knowledge of cultures; (2) to what extent interpreters’ role as cultural mediators is referred to or defined in these codes of conduct; and (3) whether or not relevant guidelines are practically helpful for interpreters to deal with the range of cultural issues they may encounter in interpreting. Data analysis suggests that while cultural knowledge is a requisite for interpreters, the expectation for them to be cultural mediators may depend on the types of interpreting setting they work with and further guidelines are needed so that interpreters are clear on what they are required to do in dealing with cultural issues. The paper then discusses the implications of these findings and points to some directions for future research. Key references Brunette, L., G Bastin, I. Hemlin and H. Clarke (ed.). The Critical Link 3: Interpreters in the Community. Amsterdam/Philadephia: John Benjamins. Hale, S. 2007. Community Interpreting. Hampshire, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. The International Association of Conference Interpreting, 2015. Interpreting Explained. Available from: http://aiic.net/; accessed on 24 June 2015 Katan, David, --- 2004. Translating Cultures: An Introduction for Translators, Interpreters and Mediators. St Jerome. --- 2014. Workshop: Translation at the cross-roads: time for the transcreational turn? University College London. Martín, Mayte C. & Mary Phelan, 2009. Interpreters and Cultural Mediators – different but complementary roles. In: Translocations: Migration and Social Change. ISSN Number: 2009-0420 (online) McDonough Dolmaya, Julie, (2011. Moral ambiguity: Some shortcomings of professional codes of ethics for translators. In: The Journal of Specialised Translation. Issue 15, January 2011 (online). Pöchhacker, F., 2008. Interpreting as Mediation. In: (ed.) Valero Garcés, C. and Martin, A, Crossing Borders in Community Interpreting: definitions and dilemmas, pp. 9-26. John Benjamins Amsterdam and Philadelphia. Roy, Cynthia B., 2002. The Problem with Definitions, Descriptions, and the Role Metaphors of Interpreters. In: (ed.) Pöchhacker, Franz & Miriam Shlesinger, The Interpreting Studies Reader. Routledge. Wadensjö 1998. Interpreting as Interaction. New York: Addison Wesley Longman Inc.

Estudio sobre la contribución de la radio al envejecimiento activo. Fase incial: análisis cuantitativo de la presencia de la vejez en los magazines de radio

Este trabajo aborda la posible contribución de la radio al envejecimiento activo. La ética comunicativa actual debe tener presentes los colectivos más vulnerables de la sociedad y uno de ellos es el de la vejez. Se recogen en el artículo los principales datos demográficos sobre población mayor, cuyo crecimiento es tal que se hace necesario un cambio de paradigma a la hora de abordar estos cambios, lo que se conoce como envejecimiento activo. Se plantea que la radio, por sus peculiares características, puede contribuir a promover dicho paradigma. Pero es necesario partir de datos objetivos y el artículo concluye presentando los datos y gráficos de la investigación realizada sobre la presencia de la vejez en los magazines matinales de las cuatro emisoras más importantes del país.

Estudo comparativo entre o código deontológico português de Medicina Dentária e o código de ética odontológico brasileiro

A Medicina Dentária é uma área da medicina em que os profissionais podem realizar procedimentos cirúrgicos invasivos e prescrever formulações farmacológicas de maneira autónoma, a partir de diagnósticos realizados por eles próprios. O exercício das atividades médicas deve ser pautado em princípios éticos, legais e na compreensão da realidade social, económica e cultural do local onde exercem os profissionais. Para tanto, o estudo dos Códigos Deontológicos e dos Códigos de Ética e Deontológicos são importantes instrumentos na busca por este paradigma de conduta. O Objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa pretende comparar o Código Deontológico de Medicina Dentária em Portugal com o Código de Ética Odontológica Brasileiro, buscando diferenças e semelhanças. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica do Código Deontológico Português e do Código de Ética Odontológica Brasileiro, utilizando-se dos próprios códigos, livros e artigos pertinentes ao estudo. Pode-se verificar que ambos os códigos são Completos. O Código Deontológico Português é complementado por Regulamentos internos da Ordem dos Médicos Dentistas. Existem temas específicos no Código Brasileiro que não estão presente no Código Português.

Los valores éticos en la responsabilidad social corporativa

La significación de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) o empresa socialmente responsable (RSE) ha pasado de ser un concepto abstracto y mal entendido, a ser un apellido que otorga prestigio a las empresas que deciden adoptarlo. Las empresas han adoptado y adaptado esta concepción con el objetivo de seguir lucrándose con sus actividades empresariales, pero poseyendo un argumento perfecto para venderse ante una sociedad cada vez mejor educada en temas sociales y medioambientales: ser socialmente responsable o, lo que es lo mismo, buena con el entorno más próximo que le rodea y en el que crece.Se puede afirmar que una empresa es socialmente responsable cuando su modelo de actuación promueve el desarrollo de prácticas transparentes en el foro interno y externo de la empresa, marco de actuación que no solo se limita al área de confort de la organización sino a un saber hacer ético. Los códigos éticos y corporativos deben ser accesibles y comunicados correctamente ante todos los públicos de una empresa. El objetivo de este estudio se centra en analizar la relación existente entre la Ética y la RSC, ya que ambas deben ser inseparables en la construcción del eje transversal que recorre la estrategia organizacional. Se desarrolla una metodología de tipo cualitativo, justificado por el enfoque conceptual-teórico desde el punto de vista social, cultural y económico del tema objeto de estudio. 

La ética y trabajo social

El desarrollo de esta monografía busca dar a conocer por medio de la teoría la relación de la ética con el Trabajo Social, para ello en este trabajo se aborda a la ética de una manera sistematizada, el estudio de los valores imprescindibles en el campo de lo ético, definiéndolos y dándoles relación con la vida cotidiana y el Trabajo Social, las razones por la que una persona tiene que tener ética en la realidad y cotidianidad del ser humano, el campo de los códigos de ética profesional que enmarca a los profesionales y muestra la manera de actuar de los mismos, el código deontológico publicado de Trabajo Social, de qué trata, sus objetivos, sus funciones en el papel profesional, sobre todo en el desarrollo de la carrera, en primer lugar el asunto de la ética que lleva consigo los valores y propósitos que guían la acción profesional en Trabajo Social, y el compromiso ético que tienen los trabajadores(as) sociales en torno a todos los aspectos de accionar, también aborda los dilemas, contradicciones y conflictos éticos de la profesión, donde se comienza a poner en juego realmente las valoraciones éticas, cada uno de los tipos de dilemas éticos y la clasificación factorial de los dilemas éticos encontrados en Trabajo Social, por último, algunas conclusiones a las que se ha podido llegar en el desarrollo de los capítulos, además entrevistas a profesionales del Trabajo Social ecuatorianos en algunos ámbitos laborales con lo que se dará por concluida la presente monografía.

Tendering ethics : a study of collusive tendering from a marketing perspective

This thesis provides a behavioural perspective to the problem of collusive tendering in the construction market by examining the decision making factors of individuals potentially involved in such agreements using marketing ethics theory and techniques. The findings of a cross disciplinary literature review were synthesised into a model of factors theoretically expected to determine the individual's behavioural intent towards a set of collusive tendering agreements and the means of reaching them. The factors were grouped as internal cognitive (the individuals' value systems) and affective (demographic and psychographic characteristics) as well as external environmental (legal, industrial and organisational codes and norms) and situational (company, market and economic conditions). The model was tested using empirical data collected through a questionnaire survey of estimators employed in the largest Australian construction firms. All forms of explicit collusive tendering agreements were considered as having a prohibitive moral content by the majority of respondents who also clearly differentiated between agreements and discussions of contract terms (which they found to be a moral concern but not prohibitive) or of prices. The comparisons between those of the respondents that would never participate in a collusive agreement and the potential offenders clearly showed two distinctly different groups. The law abiding estimators are less reliant on situational factors, happier and more comfortable in their work environments and they live according to personal value and belief systems. The potential offenders on the other hand are mistrustful of colleagues, feel their values are not respected, put company priorities above principles and none of them is religious or a member of a professional body. The research results indicate that Australian estimators are, overall law abiding and principled and accept the existing codification of collusion as morally defensible and binding. Professional bodies' and organisational codes of conduct as well as personal value and belief systems that guide one's own conduct appear to be deterrents to collusive tendering intent and so are moral comfort and work satisfaction. These observations are potential indicators of areas where intervention and behaviour modification can increase individuals' resistance to collusion.

Leadership ethics and the problem of Dirty Hands in the political economy of contemporary Africa

Cet article discute des problèmes de gouvernance et de corruption en Afrique dans le cadre d’un débat politique et philosophique large entre universalisme et relativisme, idéalisme et réalisme, ainsi que entre individualisme et communautarisme. Premièrement, je défends que l’approche réaliste de l’éthique politique et du leadership ne permet pas de différencier entre les éléments descriptifs et prescriptifs de la gouvernance et peut aisément être utilisée pour justifier « les Mains Sales » des dirigeants au nom de l’intérêt supérieur de la nation, même dans les cas où l’intérêt personnel est la seule force motivationnelle pour les actions qui sapent les codes sociaux et éthiques ordinaires. Deuxièmement, l’article montre la faillite de la confiance publique dans le gouvernement et la faiblesse de l’Etat renforce les politiques communautariennes sub-nationales qui tendent à être fondées sur l’ethnie et exclusive, et par conséquent, qui viole le cœur de l’éthique publique, c’est-à-dire l’impartialité. Finalement, l’article suggère que les principes d’éthique universels pour les services publiques soient introduits en complément plutôt qu’en concurrence avec les éthiques locales, socialement et culturellement limitée au privé. Cela requière, d’une part, que nous comprenions mieux la complexité historique, les circonstances économiques et sociales et les arrangements politiques transitionnels dans les pays africains. D’autre part, un nous devons investir dans une éducation éthique civique et professionnel réflexive qui adopte un point de vue nuancé entre le réalisme politique et l’idéalisme comme point de départ des réformes institutionnelles, aussi bien que modalité de changement des comportements à long terme.

The role of law and ethics in developing business management as a profession

Currently, business management is far from being recognised as a profession. This paper suggests that a professional spirit should be developed which could function as a filter of commercial reasoning. Broadly, management will not be organised within the framework of a well-established profession unless formal knowledge, licensing, professional autonomy and professional codes of conduct are developed sufficiently. In developing business management as a profession, law may play a key role. Where the idea is that business management should be more professsionalised, managers must show that they are willing to adopt ethical values, while arriving at business decisions. The paper argues that ethics cannot survive without legal regulation, which, in turn, will not be supported by law unless lawyers can find alternative solutions to the large mechanisms of the official society, secured by the monopolised coercion of the nation state. From a micro perspective of law and business ethics, communities can be developed with their own conventions, rules and standards that are generated and sanctioned within the boundaries of the communities themselves.

The successful influence of teaching ethics on Malaysian accounting students

The Malaysian accounting profession is committed to promoting education that results in a strong ethical culture within accountants. However, some consider ethical training unproductive since trainees may have their ethical values formed pre-commencement. This paper investigates the impact of ethics instruction on final year accounting students, the future accountants of Malaysia. 85 final year accounting students were given five ethical scenarios, and asked what action they considered appropriate. They were then subject to two ethical training methodologies, a traditional lecture/tutorial process and a group assignment. After a significant gap, students were re-presented with the ethical scenarios and asked what action they now considered appropriate. In all five instances students offered a more ethical response the second time. Also, participants rated both training methods and their combined effect as effective. Results suggest there is benefit in including ethics teaching and indeed emphasising its importance in accountancy courses, if the profession’s goal of ethical practitioners is to be achieved.

Truth, obligation and ethics in the propagation of democracy

In this paper I present an analysis of the language used by the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) on its website (NED, 2008). The specific focus of the analysis is on the NED's high usage of the word “should” revealed in computer assisted corpus analysis using Leximancer. Typically we use the word “should” as a term to propose specific courses of action for ourselves and others. It is a marker of obligation and “oughtness”. In other words, its systematic institutional use can be read as a statement of ethics, of how the NED thinks the world ought to behave. As an ostensibly democracy-promoting institution, and one with a clear agenda of implementing American foreign policy, the ethics of NED are worth understanding. Analysis reveals a pattern of grammatical metaphor in which “should” is often deployed counter intuitively, and sometimes ambiguously, as a truth-making tool rather than one for proposing action. The effect is to present NED's imperatives for action as matters of fact rather than ethical or obligatory claims.