Bogota - usme: Il paesaggio come risorsa. Lo stadio nelle cave

Il volume raccoglie al suo interno il risultato complessivo della progettazione di uno stadio per la città di Bogotà, e più specificatamente per la localidad di Usme. Il progetto rappresenta la sintesi architettonica del processo conoscitivo del luogo, rielaborato in maniera da offrire una soluzione coerente a problematiche di tipo urbano, sociale e archiettonico. L'intervento si configura come una riqualificazione ambientale e territoriale dell'area delle cave di Usme, nel tentativo di fornire alla città uno spazio sportivo e al contempo sociale, che comprenda al suo interno una struttura di servizi attualmente insufficienti nella zona, con l'obbiettivo di valorizzare il sito di progetto in maniera da sfruttarne tutte le potenzialità. La riqualificazione verrà operata ricercando il collegamento della cava alle zone adiacenti e attraverso l'inserimento dello stadio che andrà a costituire un polo attrattivo non soltanto per la localidad di Usme ma per l'intera Bogotà.

Paleoenvironmental reconstructions from cave sediments of the Moravian Karst, Czech Republic / by Pavel Sroubek.

This thesis presents a paleoclimatic/paleoenvironmental study conducted on clastic cave sediments of the Moravian Karst, Czech Republic. The study is based on environmental magnetic techniques, yet a wide range of other scientific methods was used to obtain a clearer picture of the Quaternary climate. My thesis also presents an overview of the significance of cave deposits for paleoclimatic reconstructions, explains basic environmental magnetic techniques and offers background information on the study area – a famous karst region in Central Europe with a rich history. In Kulna Cave magnetic susceptibility variations and in particular variations in pedogenic susceptibility yield a detailed record of the palaeoenvironmental conditions during the Last Glacial Stage. The Kulna long-term climatic trends agree with the deep-sea SPECMAP record, while the short-term oscillations correlate with rapid changes in the North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. Kulna Cave sediments reflect the intensity of pedogenesis controlled by short-term warmer events and precipitation over the mid-continent and provide a link between continental European climate and sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic during the Last Glacial Stage. Given the number of independent climate proxies determined from the entrance facies of the cave and their high resolution, Kulna is an extremely important site for studying Late Pleistocene climate. In the interior of Spiralka Cave, a five meter high section of fine grained sediments deposited during floods yields information on the climatic and environmental conditions of the last millenium. In the upper 1.5 meters of this profile, mineral magnetic and other non-magnetic data indicate that susceptibility variations are controlled by the concentration of magnetite and its magnetic grain size. Comparison of our susceptibility record to the instrumental record of winter temperature anomalies shows a remarkable correlation. This correlation is explained by coupling of the flooding events, cultivation of land and pedogenetic processes in the cave catchment area. A combination of mineral magnetic and geochemical proxies yields a detail picture of the rapidly evolving climate of the near past and tracks both natural and human induced environmental changes taking place in the broader region.

The Geology of the Southern Central Portion of the Morrison Cave Area.

Morrison Cave is located about 50 miles southeast of Butte, Montana. It was named after the man who discovered it. Later it was taken over by the State and renamed Morrison Cave State Park. Recently the government with the aid of the Civilian Conservation Corps has built a new road to the cave and has made the interior more accessible. The name of the cave is now Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument.

Interaktive Erinnerungsräume - LambdaMOOs und Lernen im CAVE als Erben des Simonides?

Der Cyberspace - im Sinne sowohl von weltweiter Vernetzung als auch von räumlich simulierten Scheinwelten - bietet nicht nur Künstlern ein neues Betätigungsfeld, sondern eröffnet auch neue Perspektiven für die wissenschaftliche Forschung und Lehre. Schon in der Antike war die Kunst der Memoria eng mit der räumlichen Vorstellungskraft verbunden. Während die antiken, mentalen Erinnerungsräume jedoch nur individuelle Wissenskonstruktionen erlaubten, ermöglicht die digitale Technologie die Schaffung von virtuellen Kommunikationsräumen. Diese können nicht nur eine flexible Strukturierung von Wissen erleichtern, sondern auch zu einer neuen Form des wissenschaftlichen Austauschs führen. Gerade die Kunstgeschichte, die es primär mit visuell wahrnehmbaren Gegenständen zu tun hat, muss sich fragen, inwieweit die Darstellung und Diskussion ihres Forschungsgegenstandes im virtuellen Raum dem Fach neue Perspektiven eröffnet.

Simulating Wind and Warmth in Virtual Reality: Conception, Realization and Evaluation for a CAVE Environment

Wind and warmth sensations proved to be able to enhance users' state of presence in Virtual Reality applications. Still, only few projects deal with their detailed effect on the user and general ways of implementing such stimuli. This work tries to fill this gap: After analyzing requirements for hardware and software concerning wind and warmth simulations, a hardware and also a software setup for the application in a CAVE environment is proposed. The setup is evaluated with regard to technical details and requirements, but also - in the form of a pilot study - in view of user experience and presence. Our setup proved to comply with the requirements and leads to satisfactory results. To our knowledge, the low cost simulation system (approx. 2200 Euro) presented here is one of the most extensive, most flexible and best evaluated systems for creating wind and warmth stimuli in CAVE-based VR applications.

Inverse modelling of the 14C bomb pulse in stalagmites to constrain the dynamics of soil carbon cycling at selected European cave sites

The decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) is temperature dependent, but its response to a future warmer climate remains equivocal. Enhanced rates of decomposition of SOM under increased global temperatures might cause higher CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, and could therefore constitute a strong positive feedback. The magnitude of this feedback however remains poorly understood, primarily because of the difficulty in quantifying the temperature sensitivity of stored, recalcitrant carbon that comprises the bulk (>90%) of SOM in most soils. In this study we investigated the effects of climatic conditions on soil carbon dynamics using the attenuation of the 14C ‘bomb’ pulse as recorded in selected modern European speleothems. These new data were combined with published results to further examine soil carbon dynamics, and to explore the sensitivity of labile and recalcitrant organic matter decomposition to different climatic conditions. Temporal changes in 14C activity inferred from each speleothem was modelled using a three pool soil carbon inverse model (applying a Monte Carlo method) to constrain soil carbon turnover rates at each site. Speleothems from sites that are characterised by semi-arid conditions, sparse vegetation, thin soil cover and high mean annual air temperatures (MAATs), exhibit weak attenuation of atmospheric 14C ‘bomb’ peak (a low damping effect, D in the range: 55–77%) and low modelled mean respired carbon ages (MRCA), indicating that decomposition is dominated by young, recently fixed soil carbon. By contrast, humid and high MAAT sites that are characterised by a thick soil cover and dense, well developed vegetation, display the highest damping effect (D = c. 90%), and the highest MRCA values (in the range from 350 ± 126 years to 571 ± 128 years). This suggests that carbon incorporated into these stalagmites originates predominantly from decomposition of old, recalcitrant organic matter. SOM turnover rates cannot be ascribed to a single climate variable, e.g. (MAAT) but instead reflect a complex interplay of climate (e.g. MAAT and moisture budget) and vegetation development.