Theological and Semitic literature

Mode of access: Internet.

The campaign to save Croxteth comprehensive: an ethnographic study of a protest movement

This thesis is based on ethnographic research carried out on a Liverpool protest movement which occurred between November, 1980 and July,1983. The protest movement was waged by residents of the working class community of Croxteth Liverpool who wished to retain their state secondary school, Croxteth Comprehensive. The Liverpool City Council voted in favour of closing Croxteth Comprehensive in January, 1981 because of its declining roles. Residents began theIr campaign as soon as they became aware of intentions to close the school at the end of the previous year. The campaIgn itself went through a number of different phases, distinguishable accordIng to the groups of people involved, the strategy and tactics they employed, the ways in which they justified their campaign, and the goals they pursued. In July of 1982 the organisation which led the protest, the Croxteth Community Action Committee, took illegal possession of the school buildings and ran a pilot summer school project. In September of 1982 they opened the school doors for all secondary pupils on the council estate and began running classes, with the help of volunteer teachers. The school was run successfully in this way for the entire 1982/83 school year. By the end of this period the school was officially reinstated by a new Labour Party majorIty on the city council. This thesis presents a comprehensive account of the entire campaign, from its beginning to end. The campaign is analysed in a number of ways: by situating the closure itself in the economic and political conditions of Liverpool in the 1980s, by examining the relation of Croxteth Comprehensive to its community, by describing the conditions in which different groups of people contributed to the campaign and the changes it went through in its use of tactics, and through a close examination of the activities which took place inside the school during its year of occupation. A number of levels of analysis are used in the study. To explain the closure and the early forms of resistance which developed to oppose it, the structural location of the local government of Liverpool in the late 1970s and early 1980s is described. To explain the relationship of the school to its community, the formation of a group of activists and their leaders, and the resources available to the protestors for pursuing their aims, a single-group model of social action is used. To analyse the establishment of social routines and schooling practices within the school during its occupation, action-theoretica1 models are drawn upon., The chapters of literature review and concept analysis with which this thesis begins link these different levels theoretIcalIy through a model of actIon and its conditions. The theoretical framework employed is reviewed in the last chapter. It is one which could be used to study any social movement, and has applications to other social phenomena as well. Lastly various issues within the sociology of education are examined in light of the events which took place in Croxteth Comprehensive, especially the theory of community education.

Étude paléopathologique préliminaire à travers l'analyse macroscopique et scanographique : exemple du cimetière St. Matthew, ville de Québec (1771-1860)

Sachant que plusieurs maladies entrainent des lésions qui ne sont pas toujours observables à l’oeil, cette étude préliminaire en paléopathologie humaine utilise une approche complémentaire issue de l’imagerie médicale, le ct-scan, afin de fournir des diagnostics plus précis. L’objectif est donc de tester ici l’efficacité et les limites de l’analyse scanographique durant l’analyse de spécimens archéologiques. Un échantillon de 55 individus a été sélectionné à partir de la collection ostéologique provenant du cimetière protestant St. Matthew (ville de Québec, 1771 – 1860). Une analyse macroscopique et scanographique complète a alors été effectuée sur chaque squelette. Les observations macroscopiques ont consisté à enregistrer une dizaine de critères standardisés par la littérature de référence en lien avec des manifestations anormales à la surface du squelette. Les ct-scans ont été réalisés à l’Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique de la Ville de Québec avec un tomodensitomètre Somatom de Siemens (définition AS+ 128). Les données scanographiques ont permis d’enregistrer une série de critères complémentaires sur la structure interne de l’os (amincissement/épaississement de la corticale, variation de densité, etc.) Selon la méthode du diagnostic différentiel, des hypothèses ou diagnostics ont été proposés. Ils sont principalement basés sur les critères diagnostiques mentionnés dans les manuels de référence en paléopathologie, mais aussi à l’aide de la littérature clinique et l’expertise de médecins. Les résultats présentés ici supportent que: 1) Dans 43% des cas, les données scanographiques ont apporté des informations essentielles dans la diagnose pathologique. Cette tendance se confirme en fonction de certaines maladies, mais pas d’autres, car certains diagnostics ne peuvent se faire sans la présence de tissus mous. 2) La distribution spatiale de la plupart des lésions varie selon les régions anatomiques, aussi bien en macroscopie qu’en scanographie. 3) Certains types de maladie semblent associés à l’âge et au sexe, ce qui est conforté par la littérature. 4) Cette recherche démontre aussi que le processus de diagnose nécessite, dans 38% des cas, une analyse complémentaire (ex. histologie, scintigraphie, radiographie) pour préciser le diagnostic final.

Étude paléopathologique préliminaire à travers l'analyse macroscopique et scanographique : exemple du cimetière St. Matthew, ville de Québec (1771-1860)

Sachant que plusieurs maladies entrainent des lésions qui ne sont pas toujours observables à l’oeil, cette étude préliminaire en paléopathologie humaine utilise une approche complémentaire issue de l’imagerie médicale, le ct-scan, afin de fournir des diagnostics plus précis. L’objectif est donc de tester ici l’efficacité et les limites de l’analyse scanographique durant l’analyse de spécimens archéologiques. Un échantillon de 55 individus a été sélectionné à partir de la collection ostéologique provenant du cimetière protestant St. Matthew (ville de Québec, 1771 – 1860). Une analyse macroscopique et scanographique complète a alors été effectuée sur chaque squelette. Les observations macroscopiques ont consisté à enregistrer une dizaine de critères standardisés par la littérature de référence en lien avec des manifestations anormales à la surface du squelette. Les ct-scans ont été réalisés à l’Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique de la Ville de Québec avec un tomodensitomètre Somatom de Siemens (définition AS+ 128). Les données scanographiques ont permis d’enregistrer une série de critères complémentaires sur la structure interne de l’os (amincissement/épaississement de la corticale, variation de densité, etc.) Selon la méthode du diagnostic différentiel, des hypothèses ou diagnostics ont été proposés. Ils sont principalement basés sur les critères diagnostiques mentionnés dans les manuels de référence en paléopathologie, mais aussi à l’aide de la littérature clinique et l’expertise de médecins. Les résultats présentés ici supportent que: 1) Dans 43% des cas, les données scanographiques ont apporté des informations essentielles dans la diagnose pathologique. Cette tendance se confirme en fonction de certaines maladies, mais pas d’autres, car certains diagnostics ne peuvent se faire sans la présence de tissus mous. 2) La distribution spatiale de la plupart des lésions varie selon les régions anatomiques, aussi bien en macroscopie qu’en scanographie. 3) Certains types de maladie semblent associés à l’âge et au sexe, ce qui est conforté par la littérature. 4) Cette recherche démontre aussi que le processus de diagnose nécessite, dans 38% des cas, une analyse complémentaire (ex. histologie, scintigraphie, radiographie) pour préciser le diagnostic final.

Perceptions of Integration: What the Literature Says and What Stakeholders See

This paper compares perceptions of integrated marketing communication (IMC) to establish whether consumers perceive integration in the same way as the literature. It begins by reviewing the literature to identify shared assumptions about integration and factors thought to contribute to the integration of marketing communication and, in an experiment, compares these with the perceptions of consumers. Many of the shared assumptions in the literature have been supported by the findings of this study. Integration has been demonstrated to be both a strategy and a tactic. The strategic side is part of a management process and is unable to be observed by consumers from the marketing communication output. Consumers can, however, identify the tactics and are able to recall a number of integration factors such as logo, corporate colours and image. Consumers in the total message integration groups perceived the messages they received as more integrated than those in partial integration or no integration groups.

Literature Review Value Alignment Process for Project Delivery

The objective of the project “Value Alignment Process for Project Delivery” is to provide a catalyst and tools for reform in the building and construction industry to transform business-as-usual performance into exceptional performance. The outcomes of this project will be beneficial to not only the construction industry, but to the community as a whole because a more sophisticated industry can deliver more effective use of assets, financing, operating and maintenance of facilities to suit the community’s needs. The research project consists of a study into best practice project delivery and the development of a suite of products, resources and services to guide project teams towards the best approach for a specific project. These resources will be focused on promoting the principles that underlie best practice project delivery, rather than on identifying a particular delivery system. The need for such tools and resources becomes more and more acute as the environment within which the construction industry operates becomes more and more complex, and as business and political imperatives shift to encompass or represent diverse stakeholder interests. To this end, this literature review looks at why it is essential to achieve transformation in the Australian construction industry in the context of its importance to the Australian economy. It seeks to investigate the concepts of ‘alignment’ and value’ as they pertain to construction industry processes and relationships. It comprehensively reviews drivers of project excellence and best practice project delivery principles and looks at how clients approach selection of project delivery systems. It critiques existing project delivery strategies and gives an overview of recent best practice initiatives. The literature review represents a milestone against the Project Agreement and forms a foundation document for this research project

Influences on construction innovation : a brief overview of recent literature

This report reviews the most recent literature on construction innovation with the aim of highlighting the primary influences on innovation in the building and construction industry.

Literature review

This research aims to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the construction & demolition waste and precast concrete supply chains through the development, trial and evaluation of an innovative public sector supply chain management strategy. The long-term goals are to improve competitive behaviour and market sector performance and improve business process efficiency and effectiveness of public sector program delivery by influencing policy development, changing organisational behaviour and implementation development to achieve more economic and environmental sustainable markets.

Literature review

There are many studies that reveal the nature of design thinking and the nature of conceptual design as distinct from detailed or embodiment design. The results can assist in our understanding of how the process of design can be supported and how new technologies can be introduced into the workplace. Existing studies provide limited information about the nature of collaborative design as it takes place on the ground and in the actual working context. How to provide appropriate and effective of support for collaborative design information sharing across companies, countries and heterogeneous computer systems is a key issue. As data are passed between designers and the computer systems they employ, many exchanges are made. These exchanges may be used to establish measures of the benefits that new support systems can bring. Collaboration support tools represent a fast growing section of the commercial software market place and a reasonable range of products are available. Many of them offer significant application to design for the support of distributed meetings by the provision of video and audio communications and the sharing of information, including collaborative sketching. The tools that specifically support 3D models and other very design specific features are less common and many of those are in prototype stages of development. A key question is to find viable ways of combining design information visualisation support with the collaboration support technologies that can be seen today. When collaborating, different views will need to be accessible at different times to all the collaborators. The architects may want to explain some ideas on their model, the structural engineers on their model and so on. However, there are issues of ownership when the structural engineer wants to manipulate the architect’s model and vice versa. The modes of working, synchronous or asynchronous may have a bearing as in a synchronous session there is control of what is happening.

Generic skills in design teams : literature review

Recent developments in networked three dimensional (3D) virtual worlds, and the proliferation of high bandwidth communications technology, have the potential to dramatically improve collaboration in the construction industry. This research project focuses on the early stages of a construction project in which the models for the project are developed and revised. The project investigates three aspects of collaboration in virtual environments: 1. The processes that enable effective collaboration using high bandwidth information communication technology (ICT); 2. The models that allow for multiple disciplines to share their views in a synchronous virtual environment; 3. The generic skills used by individuals and teams when engaging with high bandwidth information communication technology. The third aspect of the project, listed above, led by the University of Newcastle, explores the domain of People and the extent to which they contribute to the effectiveness of virtual teams. This report relates, primarily, to this aspect.

Report : review of the literature : maintenance and rehabilitation costs for roads (Risk-based Analysis)

Realistic estimates of short- and long-term (strategic) budgets for maintenance and rehabilitation of road assessment management should consider the stochastic characteristics of asset conditions of the road networks so that the overall variability of road asset data conditions is taken into account. The probability theory has been used for assessing life-cycle costs for bridge infrastructures by Kong and Frangopol (2003), Zayed et.al. (2002), Kong and Frangopol (2003), Liu and Frangopol (2004), Noortwijk and Frangopol (2004), Novick (1993). Salem 2003 cited the importance of the collection and analysis of existing data on total costs for all life-cycle phases of existing infrastructure, including bridges, road etc., and the use of realistic methods for calculating the probable useful life of these infrastructures (Salem et. al. 2003). Zayed et. al. (2002) reported conflicting results in life-cycle cost analysis using deterministic and stochastic methods. Frangopol et. al. 2001 suggested that additional research was required to develop better life-cycle models and tools to quantify risks, and benefits associated with infrastructures. It is evident from the review of the literature that there is very limited information on the methodology that uses the stochastic characteristics of asset condition data for assessing budgets/costs for road maintenance and rehabilitation (Abaza 2002, Salem et. al. 2003, Zhao, et. al. 2004). Due to this limited information in the research literature, this report will describe and summarise the methodologies presented by each publication and also suggest a methodology for the current research project funded under the Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation CRC CI project no 2003-029-C.