Mobile Technologies: Expectancy, Usage, and Acceptance of Clinical Staff and Patients at a University Medical Center

BACKGROUND: Despite their increasing popularity, little is known about how users perceive mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs in medical contexts. Available studies are often restricted to evaluating the success of specific interventions and do not adequately cover the users' basic attitudes, for example, their expectations or concerns toward using mobile devices in medical settings. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to obtain a comprehensive picture, both from the perspective of the patients, as well as the doctors, regarding the use and acceptance of mobile devices within medical contexts in general well as the perceived challenges when introducing the technology. METHODS: Doctors working at Hannover Medical School (206/1151, response 17.90%), as well as patients being admitted to this facility (213/279, utilization 76.3%) were surveyed about their acceptance and use of mobile devices in medical settings. Regarding demographics, both samples were representative of the respective study population. GNU R (version 3.1.1) was used for statistical testing. Fisher's exact test, two-sided, alpha=.05 with Monte Carlo approximation, 2000 replicates, was applied to determine dependencies between two variables. RESULTS: The majority of participants already own mobile devices (doctors, 168/206, 81.6%; patients, 110/213, 51.6%). For doctors, use in a professional context does not depend on age (P=.66), professional experience (P=.80), or function (P=.34); gender was a factor (P=.009), and use was more common among male (61/135, 45.2%) than female doctors (17/67, 25%). A correlation between use of mobile devices and age (P=.001) as well as education (P=.002) was seen for patients. Minor differences regarding how mobile devices are perceived in sensitive medical contexts mostly relate to data security, patients are more critical of the devices being used for storing and processing patient data; every fifth patient opposed this, but nevertheless, 4.8% of doctors (10/206) use their devices for this purpose. Both groups voiced only minor concerns about the credibility of the provided content or the technical reliability of the devices. While 8.3% of the doctors (17/206) avoided use during patient contact because they thought patients might be unfamiliar with the devices, (25/213) 11.7% of patients expressed concerns about the technology being too complicated to be used in a health context. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in how patients and doctors perceive the use of mobile devices can be attributed to age and level of education; these factors are often mentioned as contributors of the problems with (mobile) technologies. To fully realize the potential of mobile technologies in a health care context, the needs of both the elderly as well as those who are educationally disadvantaged need to be carefully addressed in all strategies relating to mobile technology in a health context.

A Comparison of Geo-tagging in Mobile Internet Browsing Applications on iOS and Android.

Nowadays there is almost no crime committed without a trace of digital evidence, and since the advanced functionality of mobile devices today can be exploited to assist in crime, the need for mobile forensics is imperative. Many of the mobile applications available today, including internet browsers, will request the user’s permission to access their current location when in use. This geolocation data is subsequently stored and managed by that application's underlying database files. If recovered from a device during a forensic investigation, such GPS evidence and track points could hold major evidentiary value for a case. The aim of this paper is to examine and compare to what extent geolocation data is available from the iOS and Android operating systems. We focus particularly on geolocation data recovered from internet browsing applications, comparing the native Safari and Browser apps with Google Chrome, downloaded on to both platforms. All browsers were used over a period of several days at various locations to generate comparable test data for analysis. Results show considerable differences not only in the storage locations and formats, but also in the amount of geolocation data stored by different browsers and on different operating systems.

Idiotypic Immune Networks in Mobile Robot Control

Jerne's idiotypic network theory postulates that the immune response involves inter-antibody stimulation and suppression as well as matching to antigens. The theory has proved the most popular Artificial Immune System (AIS) model for incorporation into behavior-based robotics but guidelines for implementing idiotypic selection are scarce. Furthermore, the direct effects of employing the technique have not been demonstrated in the form of a comparison with non-idiotypic systems. This paper aims to address these issues. A method for integrating an idiotypic AIS network with a Reinforcement Learning based control system (RL) is described and the mechanisms underlying antibody stimulation and suppression are explained in detail. Some hypotheses that account for the network advantage are put forward and tested using three systems with increasing idiotypic complexity. The basic RL, a simplified hybrid AIS-RL that implements idiotypic selection independently of derived concentration levels and a full hybrid AIS-RL scheme are examined. The test bed takes the form of a simulated Pioneer robot that is required to navigate through maze worlds detecting and tracking door markers.

Idiotypic Immune Networks in Mobile Robot Control

Jerne's idiotypic network theory postulates that the immune response involves inter-antibody stimulation and suppression as well as matching to antigens. The theory has proved the most popular Artificial Immune System (AIS) model for incorporation into behavior-based robotics but guidelines for implementing idiotypic selection are scarce. Furthermore, the direct effects of employing the technique have not been demonstrated in the form of a comparison with non-idiotypic systems. This paper aims to address these issues. A method for integrating an idiotypic AIS network with a Reinforcement Learning based control system (RL) is described and the mechanisms underlying antibody stimulation and suppression are explained in detail. Some hypotheses that account for the network advantage are put forward and tested using three systems with increasing idiotypic complexity. The basic RL, a simplified hybrid AIS-RL that implements idiotypic selection independently of derived concentration levels and a full hybrid AIS-RL scheme are examined. The test bed takes the form of a simulated Pioneer robot that is required to navigate through maze worlds detecting and tracking door markers.

A framework for abstraction and virtualization of sensors in mobile context-aware computing

110 p.

Analysing intention and action in mobile banking services

Technological advances at the level of mobile devices are transforming the world. Banking users are able to conduct banking services at any place, and at any time, with m-banking. The purpose of this research is to analyse intention and action in m-banking services. A research model was developed and PLS was used to test the causalities in the proposed model. Our proposal extends the existing models with an assessment of the actual usage of m-banking and of how behavioural intention translates into action. This study found that the main determinants of behavioural intention for m-banking are social influence and relative advantage. Furthermore, perceived risk, lack of information and usage barriers have a negative effect on m- banking behavioural intention. Perceived risks, e-banking use, and behaviour intention are found to be significant antecedents of m-banking use. Gender has a positive and significant influence on m-banking usage, but not on the construction of behavioural intention.

Motivating the use of public transit through a mobile glanceable display

With increasing concerns about the impact of global warming on human life, policy makers around the world and researchers have sought for technological solutions that have the potential to attenuate this process. This thesis describes the design and evaluation of an information appliance that aims to increase the use of public transportation. We developed a mobile glanceable display that, being aware of the user’s transportation routines, provides awareness cues about bus arrival time, grounded upon the vision of Ambient Intelligence. We present the design process we followed, from ideation to building a prototype and conducting a field study, and conclude with a set of guidelines for the design of relevant personal information systems. More specifically we seek to test the following hypotheses: 1) That the tangible prototype that provides ambient cues will be used more frequently than a similar purpose mobile app, 2) That the tangible prototype will reduce the waiting time at the bus stop, 3) That the tangible prototype will result to reduced anxiety on passengers, 4) That the tangible prototype will result to an increase in the perceived reliability of the transit service, 5) That the tangible prototype will enhance users’ efficiency in reading the bus schedules and 6) That the tangible prototype will make individuals more likely to use public transit. In a field study, we compare the tangible prototype against the mobile app and a control condition where participants were given no external support in obtaining bus arrival information, other than their existing routines. Using qualitative and quantitative data, we test the aforementioned hypotheses and explore users’ reactions to the prototype we developed.

Motivating the use of public transit through a mobile glanceable display

With increasing concerns about the impact of global warming on human life, policy makers around the world and researchers have sought for technological solutions that have the potential to attenuate this process. This thesis describes the design and evaluation of an information appliance that aims to increase the use of public transportation. We developed a mobile glanceable display that, being aware of the user’s transportation routines, provides awareness cues about bus arrival time, grounded upon the vision of Ambient Intelligence. We present the design process we followed, from ideation to building a prototype and conducting a field study, and conclude with a set of guidelines for the design of relevant personal information systems. More specifically we seek to test the following hypotheses: 1) That the tangible prototype that provides ambient cues will be used more frequently than a similar purpose mobile app, 2) That the tangible prototype will reduce the waiting time at the bus stop, 3) That the tangible prototype will result to reduced anxiety on passengers, 4) That the tangible prototype will result to an increase in the perceived reliability of the transit service, 5) That the tangible prototype will enhance users’ efficiency in reading the bus schedules and 6) That the tangible prototype will make individuals more likely to use public transit. In a field study, we compare the tangible prototype against the mobile app and a control condition where participants were given no external support in obtaining bus arrival information, other than their existing routines. Using qualitative and quantitative data, we test the aforementioned hypotheses and explore users’ reactions to the prototype we developed.

Sviluppo di YouCrowd: una piattaforma per campagne mobile crowdsensing on-demand

Con il termine "crowdsensing" si intende una tecnica in cui un folto gruppo di individui aventi dispositivi mobili acquisiscono e condividono dati di natura diversa in maniera collettiva, al fine di estrarre informazioni utili. Il concetto di Mobile Crowdsensing è molto recente e derivante dalle ultime innovazioni tecnologiche in materia di connettività online e cattura di dati di vario genere; pertanto non si trova attualmente una vera e propria applicazione in campo reale, la modellazione solo teorica e fin troppo specifica pone un limite alla conoscenza di un ambito che può rivelarsi molto utile ai fini di ricerca. YouCrowd è un piattaforma web che va ad implementare un sistema di crowdsourcing completo, in grado di leggere dati dai numerosi sensori di uno smartphone e condividerli, al fine di ottenere una remunerazione per gli utenti che completano una campagna. La web application vede la sua implementazione di base supportata da NodeJS e si configura come una piattaforma dinamica che varia la propria interfaccia con l'utente in base alle richieste di dati da parte degli administrators. Il test di YouCrowd ha coinvolto un buon numero di partecipanti più o meno esperti nell'utilizzo degli strumenti informatici, rivelando delle buone prestazioni in relazione alla difficoltà del task e alle prestazioni del device in test.

Analisi sperimentale di un sistema di localizzazione UWB per applicazioni robotiche

Data la pervasività dell’elettronica nella vita moderna, sempre più interesse è stato posto nelle applicazioni di localizzazione. In ambienti indoor e outdoor, dove sono richieste precisioni dell’ordine delle decine di centimetri, i classici servizi GNSS non sono applicabili. Una tecnologia promettente è quella a banda ultra-larga (UWB), affermata recentemente sul mercato. Un’alternativa potrebbe essere l’utilizzo di sensori ottici con marker di riferimento, però la presenza di fumo e idrometeore presenti nell’ambiente potrebbero andare ad oscurare i marker, rendendo impossibile la localizzazione. Lo scopo della tesi è volto a studiare un sistema di localizzazione UWB, progettato dall’Università di Bologna, ora sviluppato e commercializzato, in un’applicazione robotica. In particolare, l’idea è quella di porre il sistema di localizzazione sopra un elemento mobile, per esempio nella parte terminale di un braccio meccanico, al fine di localizzare un oggetto dotato di nodo UWB, ricavando dinamicamente la posizione relativa tra il braccio e l’oggetto. La tesi si concentra inizialmente a livello teorico sulle caratteristiche delle principali tecnologie coinvolte, in particolare i sistemi UWB e il filtraggio Bayesiano, per poi trattare i limiti teorici della localizzazione, nei concetti di Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) e geometric dilution of precision (GDOP). Da questi, si motiva l’utilizzo della tecnica two-way ranging (TWR) come principio di raccolta delle misure per la localizzazione, per poi ricavare le curve teoriche dell’errore di localizzazione, tenendo conto dei limiti geometrici imposti, utilizzate come riferimento per l’analisi dell’errore ottenuto con il sistema reale. La tecnologia viene testata in tre campagne di misura. Nelle prime due si osserva la presenza di un piano metallico parallelo alla direzione di propagazione, per esaminare gli effetti delle riflessioni sulla localizzazione, mentre nella terza campagna si considera la presenza di acqua dolce.

Diagnostica anatomopatologica nelle malattie infettive del suino: co-localizzazione agenti patogeni e lesioni, limiti ed utilità

Il processo di intensificazione dell’allevamento suinicolo ha comportato conseguenze importanti dal punto di vista sanitario. Nei moderni sistemi di produzione la salute è compromessa a causa di malattie multifattoriali e l'identificazione degli agenti casuali di malattia non può basarsi esclusivamente sul risultato di un unico test diagnostico. La maggior parte dei patogeni è ubiquitaria, quindi l'identificazione di un agente infettivo suggerisce solo una possibile diagnosi. La patologia gioca un ruolo chiave nel determinare la causalità nella diagnosi delle malattie infettive. L'istopatologia consente di correlare la presenza dell'agente infettivo con le lesioni microscopiche caratteristiche: in base alla disponibilità di anticorpi o sonde per rilevare rispettivamente la presenza di antigeni o del genoma di virus o batteri nelle sezioni istologiche, l'istopatologia è utile per determinare il nesso causale con la malattia. L'introduzione di questa tesi è incentrata sulla discussione del ruolo della patologia nelle malattie infettive del suino, seguita dalla descrizione del corretto campionamento per l'esame istopatologico nella diagnosi delle malattie respiratorie, enteriche e riproduttive. La sezione sperimentale riporta i risultati delle indagini diagnostiche in patologia suina condotte per definire il ruolo di PCV2 e PRRSV nel complesso delle malattie respiratorie del suino (PRDC)(capitolo 2) e per definire un percorso diagnostico per l'enteropatia proliferativa suina causata da Lawsonia intracellularis ai fini dell'implementazione dell'accuratezza diagnostica (capitolo 3). Il capitolo 4 descrive l'uso dell'istopatologia come componente metodologica essenziale per valutare l'efficacia protettiva dei vaccini negli studi di challenge vaccinazione-infezione. Il capitolo descrive i risultati ottenuti in due successive sperimentazioni per valutare l'efficacia di due vaccini sperimentali per PCV2, il primo formulato con ceppo PCV2b inattivato somministrato a differenti dosi di antigene; il secondo formulato con antigene "Cap" ricombinante non assemblato in particelle simil-virali (VLP).

A ROS-based software architecture for a versatile collaborative dual-armed autonomous mobile robot for the manufacturing industry

The industrial context is changing rapidly due to advancements in technology fueled by the Internet and Information Technology. The fourth industrial revolution counts integration, flexibility, and optimization as its fundamental pillars, and, in this context, Human-Robot Collaboration has become a crucial factor for manufacturing sustainability in Europe. Collaborative robots are appealing to many companies due to their low installation and running costs and high degree of flexibility, making them ideal for reshoring production facilities with a short return on investment. The ROSSINI European project aims to implement a true Human-Robot Collaboration by designing, developing, and demonstrating a modular and scalable platform for integrating human-centred robotic technologies in industrial production environments. The project focuses on safety concerns related to introducing a cobot in a shared working area and aims to lay the groundwork for a new working paradigm at the industrial level. The need for a software architecture suitable to the robotic platform employed in one of three use cases selected to deploy and test the new technology was the main trigger of this Thesis. The chosen application consists of the automatic loading and unloading of raw-material reels to an automatic packaging machine through an Autonomous Mobile Robot composed of an Autonomous Guided Vehicle, two collaborative manipulators, and an eye-on-hand vision system for performing tasks in a partially unstructured environment. The results obtained during the ROSSINI use case development were later used in the SENECA project, which addresses the need for robot-driven automatic cleaning of pharmaceutical bins in a very specific industrial context. The inherent versatility of mobile collaborative robots is evident from their deployment in the two projects with few hardware and software adjustments. The positive impact of Human-Robot Collaboration on diverse production lines is a motivation for future investments in research on this increasingly popular field by the industry.

Fighting child marriage in developing countries: design and development of a mobile application

Child marriage is still a great issue in developing countries and even if the interventions to prevent it are having results, they are not enough to eliminate the problem. Among the strategies that seem to work most to fight child marriage, there is the empowerment of girls with information combined with education of parents and community. As smartphones are more accessible year after year in developing countries, this thesis wants to investigate if a mobile app could be effective in fighting child marriage and which characteristics such an app should have. The research was organized in four phases and used design and creation and case study methodologies. Firstly, the literature was analyzed and an initial design was proposed. Secondly, expert interviews were performed to gain feedback on the proposed design, and afterwards prototype was built. Thirdly, a case study in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was performed to test the prototype, gaining insights and improvements through group interviews with 26 girls aged 15-19. Finally, a first version of the app was developed and a second phase of the case study was run in the DRC to understand if the girls were able to use the app. This phase included 14 girls of which 6 had participated in the prototype testing and used questionnaires as a data generation method. The app was built following the Principles for Digital Development. Even if this app is built based on the case study in DRC is modular and easily adaptable to other contexts as it is not content-specific. It was shown that is worth continuing to study this topic and it was defined a conceptual framework for designing learning apps for developing countries, in particular, to fight child, early, and forced marriage.

Localizzazione e internazionalizzazione dei servizi di incrocio domanda/offerta di lavoro di Jopla S.r.l SB: tra traduzione umana e traduzione automatica

This thesis has been written as a result of the Language Toolkit project, organised by the Department of Interpreting and Translation of Forlì in collaboration with the Chamber of Commerce of Romagna. The aim of the project is to facilitate the internationalisation of small and medium enterprises in Romagna by making available to them the skills acquired by the students of the Faculty of Specialized Translation, who in turn are given the opportunity to approach an authentic professional context. Specifically, this thesis is the outcome of the 300-hour internship envisaged by the project, 75 of which were carried out at Jopla S.r.l. SB. The task assigned to the student was the translation into French of the Jopla For You web app and the Jopla PRO mobile app. This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter provides a general description of the Language Toolkit project and it focuses on the concept of translation into a non-native language. The second chapter outlines the theoretical context in which translation is set. Subsequently, the focus shifts to the topics of text, discourse, genre and textual typology, alongside a reflection on the applicability of these notions to web texts, and an analysis of the source text following Nord's model. The fourth chapter is dedicated to a description of the resources used in the preparation and translation phases. The fifth chapter describes the macro and micro strategies employed to carry out the translation. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between the human translation and the one provided by Google Translator is delivered. This analysis involves two methods: the first one follows the linguistic norms of the target language, while the second one relies on the error categorisation of the MQM model. Finally, the performance of Google Translate is investigated through the comparison of the results obtained from the MQM evaluation conducted in this thesis with the results obtained by Martellini (2021) in her analysis.

DevOps per applicazioni mobile multipiattaforma: un caso di studio industriale

Distribuire un’applicazione che soddisfi i requisiti del cliente e che sia in grado di accogliere rapidamente eventuali modifiche è, al giorno d’oggi, d’obbligo per aziende che si occupano di applicazioni mobile che vogliano rimanere competitive sul mercato. Il principale fattore chiave in grado di mantenere un’azienda al passo con la continua evoluzione sia del mercato che delle tecnologie mobile è la continua innovazione e ottimizzazione dell’intero processo di sviluppo. La collaborazione e la comunicazione tra diversi team, l’utilizzo di cicli iterativi di sviluppo, i rilasci frequenti e l’automazione dei test sono alcune delle pratiche incentivate dalla cultura DevOps, adottabile con successo (si vedrà in questa tesi) anche per lo sviluppo di applicazioni mobile. Innovare e ottimizzare il processo di sviluppo non significa solo automatizzare l’esecuzione dei task. Un ruolo importante è giocato anche da aspetti legati all’applicazione: l’architettura, il paradigma di programmazione, e gli strumenti utilizzati. In particolare, al fine di applicare il principio “Don’t repeat yourself ” (DRY) e semplificare la manutenzione, diversi moderni framework per lo sviluppo di applicazioni mobile, detti multipiattaforma, propongono meccanismi che consentono di condividere codice tra piattaforme differenti. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è dunque quello di discutere (capitoli 1, 2 e 3) e mostrare, applicate ad un caso di studio industriale (capitoli 4, 5 e 6), l’uso di tecniche DevOps nell’ambito di applicazioni mobile, ed in particolare mostrando come queste siano applicabili in congiunzione ai framework di sviluppo multipiattaforma (in particolare, Kotlin Multiplatform).