Dissertation writing

University of Southampton, Dyslexia Services have developed a range of academic study skills resources available to download. This resource supports dissertation writing skills.

Memory, revision and exam techniques

University of Southampton, Dyslexia Services have developed a range of academic study skills resources available to download. This resource supports revision and techniques for use in examinations.

Notetaking and notemaking

University of Southampton, Dyslexia Services have developed a range of academic study skills resources available to download. This resource supports notetaking and notemaking.

Organisation and time management

University of Southampton, Dyslexia Services have developed a range of academic study skills resources available to download. This resource supports organisation and time management skills.

Habilidades lingüísticas orales y escritas para la lectura y escritura en niños preescolares

Los niños preescolares ya poseen nociones de lectura y escritura porque han desarrollado habilidades lingüísticas orales y escritas que se relacionan entre sí y, a su vez, con la adquisición de la lectura y la escritura convencionales. Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivos (a) Describir las relaciones existentes entre lenguaje oral y escrito en los años preescolares, y (b) Identificar las habilidades concretas del lenguaje del niño preescolar que posibilitan la adquisición de la lectura y escritura convencionales. Se hizo una búsqueda en las bases de datos ERIC y OVID de emergent literacy, phonological awareness, vocabulary, reading, writing, preschoolers y language skills, la cual aportó los componentes del lenguaje oral –habilidades fonológicas y semánticas– que se relacionan con la adquisición de la lectura y escritura convencionales, así como una propuesta de análisis en la que se enfatiza el proceso de las habilidades lingüísticas orales y escritas para la lectura y escritura en niños preescolares.

Manejo de la tensión durante la evaluación

El objetivo de este trabajo es el de mirar la posibilidad de reducir el nivel de tensión que se presenta en los estudiantes durante la presentación de su evaluación. La primera parte del trabajo presenta una reseñan histórica de los diferentes métodos de enseñanza del inglés que se han venido utilizando a través de nuestra historia reciente

Equinoterapia en niños con autismo

Introducción: Autismo es un trastorno del desarrollo caracterizado por compromiso en interacción social, habilidades de lenguaje, presentando rituales con estereotipias. Sin tratamientos curativos, actualmente se buscan terapias alternativas. Un incremento de la literatura científica de terapias asistidas con animales se ha evidenciado, demostrando mejoría en pacientes autistas con la equinoterapia. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para evaluar efectividad de la equinoterapia en habilidades sociales y de lenguaje en niños autistas. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de la literatura de artículos obtenidos en bases de datos y Meta-buscadores que proporcionaron evidencia de equinoterapia en niños autistas. Tipo de artículos consultados: revisiones sistemáticas, meta análisis y ensayos clínicos. Trabajos publicados hasta 2013. En inglés y español. Se emplearon términos MeSH y EMTREE. Resultados: Cuatro artículos cumplieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se analizaron los artículos individualmente, no se logró realizar un meta análisis por diferencias metodológicas entre los estudios. En total 85 sujetos fueron evaluados en dichos estudios. La equinoterapia en niños autistas evidenció mejoría en habilidades sociales y en las habilidades de lenguaje pre verbal. Discusión: La equinoterapia es prometedora en el manejo de niños autistas, los artículos evidencian consistentemente mejorías a nivel de habilidades sociales y de lenguaje. Debe ser considerado el tipo de paciente, el régimen de equinoterapia y la sostenibilidad de las mejoras. Conclusiones: Se necesitan nuevos estudio con un mayor rigor metodológico que permitan fortalecer la evidencia sobre la equinoterapia en niños con autismo y así poder realizar recomendaciones con un adecuado nivel de evidencia.

Early literacy interventions: which activities to include? at what age to start? and who will implement them?. 'La intervención en la alfabetización temprana: ¿qué actividades se deben incluir? ¿a qué edad se debe comenzar? y ¿quién debe llevarlas a cabo?'.

Resumen tomado de la publicación.Monográfico : las condiciones de aprendizaje de la lengua escrita

New Hope learning center

This paper reviews the field of speech pathology and whether it is of benefit to helping profoundly retarded children develop verbal/functional language skills.

Do children with Williams syndrome have unusual vocabularies?

Aims: The present study investigated whether children with Williams syndrome (WS) produced a higher number of different word roots and low-frequency words in spontaneous speech in a topic controlled setting. Method: A group of children with WS was compared to a group of typically developing children matched for chronological age (CA), and a group of typically developing children matched for receptive language abilities (LA). A further comparison was made between the WS group and a group of children matched for non-verbal abilities (NA). Spontaneous speech was elicited using a narrative task. The data were analysed using three different measures of lexical diversity. The results revealed that the children with WS neither produce a higher number of different word roots nor significantly more low-frequency items in comparison to the CA, LA and NA matched participants. Furthermore, language and non-verbal abilities did not predict the number of different and low frequency words used by the typically developing children, however in the WS group non-verbal abilities predicted the number of low-frequency words and receptive language skills predicted the number of different words produced. It is concluded that individuals with WS do not have unusual vocabularies and that the subdomain of language, lexical semantics, does not seem to be an independent cognitive skill. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Profiling text comprehension impairments in aphasia

Background: Research in aphasia has focused on acquired dyslexias at the single word level, with a paucity of assessment techniques and rehabilitation approaches for individuals with difficulty at the text level. A rich literature from research with paediatric populations and healthy non-brain damaged, skilled adult readers allows the component processes that are important for text reading to be defined and more appropriate assessments to be devised. Aims: To assess the component processes of text reading in a small group of individuals with aphasia who report difficulties reading at the text level. Do assessments of component processes in reading comprehension reveal distinct profiles of text comprehension? To what extent are text comprehension difficulties caused by underlying linguistic and/or cognitive deficits? Methods & Procedures: Four individuals with mild aphasia who reported difficulties reading at the text level took part in a case-series study. Published assessments were used to confirm the presence of text comprehension impairment. Participants completed a range of assessments to provide a profile of their linguistic and cognitive skills, focusing on processes known to be important for text comprehension. We identified the following areas for assessment: reading speed, language skills (single word and sentence), inferencing, working memory and metacognitive skills (monitoring and strategy use). Outcomes & Results: Performance was compared against age-matched adult control data. One participant presented with a trend for impaired abilities in inferencing, with all other assessed skills being within normal limits. The other three had identified linguistic and working memory difficulties. One presented with a residual deficit in accessing single word meaning that affected text comprehension. The other two showed no clear link between sentence processing difficulties and text comprehension impairments. Across these three, data suggested a link between verbal working memory capacity and specific inferencing skills. Conclusions: Successful text reading relies on a number of component processes. In this paper we have made a start in defining those component processes and devising tasks suitable to assess them. From our results, assessment of verbal working memory and inferencing appears to be critical for understanding text comprehension impairments in aphasia. It is possible that rehabilitation input can capitalize on key meta-cognitive skills (monitoring, strategy use) to support functional reading in the face of existing linguistic, text comprehension and memory impairments.

El lugar de la expresión oral con respecto a las demás destrezas lingüísticas en el material docente Ejercicios Amigos Dos

This dissertation research aims to analyze the material Ejercicios Amigos Dos used by students learning Spanish as a foreign language in a Swedish school. Specifically, it examines the place of speaking skills, in the context of basic language skills. This study was an exploratory and descriptive analysis of the material Ejercicios Amigos Dos.Qualitative method used was action research, which was based on the real needs of the author of this study to enhance their teaching.Sheet one and Sheet two containing educational criteria for the analysis of teaching materials were used to measure the place of speaking skills.The main findings in the analysis showed that speaking skills are taken into account in the teaching material, however there are some micro skills missing. Speaking skills do not take a prominent role in the teaching material. Writing skills are emphasized to a greater extent.

Adopterades språkutveckling - att gå från ett modersmål till ett annat : En intervjustudie om adopterade och en adoptivförälders syn på språkutveckling

Studien tar upp ett problemområde som rör utlandsadopterades språkutveckling. Problemen handlar om begreppsuppfattningen där vissa barn tenderar att ha svårigheter att hantera begrepp som är abstrakta som rums- och tidsuppfattning. Detta leder till att matematikinlärningen hämmas, flera barn visar svårigheter med inlärningen av ytterligare ett språk i skolan. Anledningen till detta är att de adopterade barnen har brister i ”skolspråket” som av Jim Cummins kallas för CALP (= Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) s.k. kunskapsrelaterade språkbehärskning eller skolrelaterade språkfärdigheter (i texten kallat skolspråk eller CALP).Syftet med min uppsats har varit att titta på hur språkutvecklingen kan se ut för de barn som adopteras efter att de fyllt tre år. Att beskriva vad den forskning som finns på området säger om språkutvecklingen och eventuella språksvårigheter som barnen kan få. Valet av åldern avspeglar sig i att jag ville belysa den grupp av barn som är på godväg att bilda sig ett språk på ett modersmål när den processen ska avbrytas och ett nytt modersmål ska läras in.Alla barn som adopteras är inte lika, detta säger sig själv. Det finns dock minst två saker som förenar dem och det är att de under sina första år har upplevt minst en separation och att de får en avbruten språkutveckling oavsett ankomstålder. I de intervjuer som genomförts har jag tagit del av adopterades egen uppfattning om sin språkutveckling och en mamma till två adoptivbarn har berättat ur sitt perspektiv hur hon ser på sina barns språkutveckling. Tidigare studier bekräftar de svårigheter som mina informanter vittnar om.Jag menar att pedagoger måste bli medvetna om att barn som är adopterade har haft en avbruten språkutveckling och att de därför kan sakna viktiga bitar av språket. Genom att läsa vad tidigare studier säger samt att se vad mina informanter berättar vet vi att det nya modersmålet tar form snabbt, att barnen lär sig vardagsspråket snabbt och att de har ett felfritt uttal gör att de ofta försvinner i mängden i skolan. Att deras problem inte uppmärksammas förrän senare. Det går inte att ta igen sitt modersmål när man uppnått en ålder av 13-14 år. Därför måste förskolan och skolan få en förståelse för hur det kan se ut och jobba intensivt med språkförståelsen tidigt.

Fan Culture as an Informal Learning Environment : Presentation of a NGL project

Fan culture is a subculture that has developed explosively on the internet over the last decades. Fans are creating their own films, translations, fiction, fan art, blogs, role play and also various forms that are all based on familiar popular culture creations like TV-series, bestsellers, anime, manga stories and games. In our project, we analyze two of these subculture genres, fan fiction and scanlation. Amateurs, and sometimes professional writers, create new stories by adapting and developing existing storylines and characters from the original. In this way, a "network" of texts occurs, and writers step into an intertextual dialogue with established writers such as JK Rowling (Harry Potter) and Stephanie Meyer (Twilight). Literary reception and creation then merge into a rich reciprocal creative activity which includes comments and feedback from the participators in the community. The critical attitude of the fans regarding quality and the frustration at waiting for the official translation of manga books led to the development of scanlation, which is an amateur translation of manga distributed on the internet.  Today, young internet users get involved in conceptual discussions of intertextuality and narrative structures through fan activity. In the case of scanlation, the scanlators practice the skills and techniques of translating in an informal environment. This phenomenon of participatory culture has been observed by scholars and it is concluded that they contribute to the development of a student’s literacy and foreign language skills. Furthermore, there is no doubt that the fandom related to Japanese cultural products such as manga, anime and videogames is one of the strong motives for foreign students to start learning Japanese. This is something to take into pedagogical consideration when we develop web-based courses. Fan fiction and fan culture make it ​​possible to have an intensive transcultural dialogue between participators throughout the world and is of great interest when studying the interaction between formal and informal learning that puts the student in focus

Konsten att välja rätt spårvagn : en studie av segregation, skolval och unga människors studieplaner

The art of choosing the right tram – A study of urban segregation, choice of school and young people’s life plans When discussing barriers to integration and young people’s choice of school, research often focuses on language skills, cultural capital, supportive environments and other more obvious, distinct and material aspects that have an impact on educational achievement. In the present study, we have instead chosen to look at how young immigrants construct their inner career landscapes and life-plans, and how this relates to their perception of ethnicity, neighbourhood and identity. The sample used here consists of altogether twenty individuals. The interviews were used to explore certain designated dimensions and processes. All interviews were conducted in the school environment, in classrooms and other locations. The students attended two different inner-city schools. A narrative-sociological approach is used in the analysis. The young people’s perceptions and narratives are analysed in relation to concepts such as: territorial stigmatization, identity, self-perception and modifications of life plans. The findings show that the feelings of otherness which originates in housing conditions, experiences of exclusion and the everyday life of many immigrants, are transposed into the school area and transformed into strategies and life plans.