Mercury selective electrochemical sensor based on a double armed crown ether as ionophore

PVC based membranes of a double armed crown ether, N, N'-dibenzyl, 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7, 16-diaza cyclooctadecane (I) as ionophore with sodium tetra phenyl borate (NaTPB) as anion excluder and with many plasticizing solvent mediators have been prepared and used for Hg(II) ion determination. The membrane with DBBP (dibutyl butyl phosphonate ) as plasticizer with various ingredients in the ratio PVC: I: NaTPB: DBBP (150: 12: 2: 100) shows the best results in terms of working concentration range (3.1x10-5-1.0x10-tM) with a Nernstian slope (29.0′0.5 mV/decade of activity). The electrode works in the pH range 2.1-4.5. The response time of the sensor is 15s and it can be used for about 4 months in aqueous as well as in non-aqueous medium. It has good stability and reproducibility. The potentiometric selectivity coefficient values for mono-, di-, and trivalent cations are tabulated. The sensor is highly selective for Hg2+ in the presence of normal interferents like cadmium, silver, sodium and iron.

科尔沁沙地沙漠化过程中植被与土壤退化特征的研究

选择科尔沁沙地沙漠化严重地区相邻地段的固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、半流动沙丘和流动沙丘为对象,对土地沙漠化过程中植物种类消长、物种多样性、生活型结构及土壤理化性质和生物活性的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:沙漠化过程是一个物种多样性衰减的过程,沙漠化导致大多数原生性物种消失。从生活型来看,地面芽植物受沙漠化影响最大。沙漠化过程中土壤养分严重丧失,土壤微生物量C、N、P,以及土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸单酯酶、脱氢酶和硝酸还原酶的活性均随沙漠化程度的加剧而大幅度下降。土壤生物活性对土壤沙漠化比较敏感,在固定沙丘到半固定沙丘的转化过程中土壤生物活性和物种多样性下降最快。

黄土丘陵区退耕地土壤水分入渗特征及影响因素

为评价退耕还林(草)工程的成效及认识下垫面改变对土壤水文过程的影响,采用圆盘入渗仪以4、6、8年退耕地为对象,长芒草草地为对照在黄土丘陵区分层(表层、20 cm、40 cm)研究退耕地土壤水分入渗特征,并探讨其影响因素。结果表明:1)较短年限退耕地表层土壤入渗能力较天然草地差,而下层入渗能力较天然草地强;2)退耕地下层的初始入渗速率是表层的1.2~1.4倍,稳定入渗率是表层的1.9~2.8倍,饱和导水率是表层的1.9~3.0倍;3)随着退耕年限增加,表层土壤入渗能力下降,而下层入渗能力增强;4)土壤结皮阻碍退耕地表层土壤的入渗。

浅析沙漠化与沙尘暴对中国生态环境的影响

深入分析了沙漠化、沙尘暴形成的原因和沙漠化、沙尘暴对国民经济发展所造成的危害,并系统地提出了相应对策。

沈阳市苏家屯区耕层土壤养分空间变异性研究

利用地统计学和地理信息系统相结合的方法,研究了沈阳市苏家屯区耕地土壤(0～20 cm)有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的空间变异性特征.结果表明,各变量符合正态分布或经对数转换后符合正态分布,最佳的变异函数理论模型均为球状模型.有机质具有较强的空间相关性(C0与C0+C比值为24.11％),速效氮、速效磷、速效钾具有中度的空间相关性(C0与C0+C比值分别为29.53％、60.77％、58.82％).各变量的空间自相关距离分别为26.051、28.293、15.132和23.813 km.有机质和速效氮的空间变异主要受结构性因子(如成土因子)的影响,速效磷和速效钾主要受随机性因子(如施肥)的影响.Kriging插值绘制出的养分含量空问分布图显示了养分的空间分布格局,它将有助于进一步监测养分动态,为农业和环境管理提供数字地图支持.

再生植物纤维地膜的降解实验研究

介绍了再生植物纤维地膜降解的实验研究方法,检测分析了其干热老化实验结果,选择定量、抗张强度、伸长率为再生植物纤维地膜的追踪监测指标。在相同的田间实验环境条件下,以塑料地膜为参比,观测再生植物纤维地膜自然降解随时间变化的规律,为其降解的可控性提供实验依据。

Coordination reactions in the extraction of cerium(IV) and fluorine(I) by DEHEHP from mixed nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid solutions

The coordination reactions during the solvent extraction of cerium(IV) and fluorine(l) from mixed nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid solutions by di-(2-ethylhexyl)-2-ethylhexylphosphonate, L (DEHEHP) in heptane have been investigated. The extraction data have been analyzed by graphical methods taking into account all plausible species extracted into the organic phase. Different variables influencing the extraction of Ce(IV), such as the concentrations of nitrate ions, hydrofluroric acid, nitric acid, and extractant have been studied. The results demonstrate that DEHEHP can extract not only Ce(NO3)(4) as Ce(NO3)4.2L and HF as HF (.) H2O (.) L, but both together as Ce(HF)(NO3)(4) (.) L. The extraction equilibrium equations are determined according to slope analysis and IR spectra. The equilibrium constants of the extracted complexes have been calculated, taking into account complexation between the metal ion and inorganic ligands in the aqueous phase and all plausible complexes extracted into the organic phase. It is also shown that boric acid, which was added into the mixed solutions to complex with F(I) is not extracted by DEHEHP, and neither does it affect the extraction of cerium(IV) and HF, nor change the extraction mechanism.

Polydispersity of ethylene sequence length in metallocene ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymers. I. Characterized by thermal-fractionation technique

In this article, the polydispersity of the ethylene sequence length (ESL) in ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymers was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the thermal-fractionation technique. The crystal morphology observation by AFM showed that morphology changed gradually with decreasing average ESL from complete lamellae over shorter and more curved lamellae to a granular-like morphology, and the mixed morphology was observed after stepwise crystallization from phase-separated melt. This result indicated that the ethylene sequence with different lengths crystallized into a crystalline phase with a different size and stability at the copolymer systems. The thermal-fractionation technique was used to characterize the polydispersity of ESL. Three of the following statistical terms were introduced to describe the distribution of ESL and the lamellar thickness: the arithmetic mean (L) over bar (n), the weight mean (L) over bar (w), and the broadness index I = (L) over bar (w)/(L) over bar (n). It was concluded that the polydispersity of ESL could be quantitatively characterized by the thermal-fractionation technique. The effects of temperature range, temperature-dependent specific heat capacity C-p of copolymer, and the molecular weight on the results of thermal fractionation were discussed,

Extraction and separation of heavy rare earth (III) with Extraction Resin containing di(2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272)

Extraction resins, of the type of;levextrel, (which is a collective term for styrene/divinylbenzene based copolymers of predominantly macroporous structure that contain a selective extractant) are important for the recovery and separation of metal ions, as they combine features of solvent extraction and ion exchange resins. This paper presents the results of the adsorption of heavy rare earth ions (Ho(III), Er(III), Tm(III), Yb(III), Lu(III) and Y(III)) from hydrochloric acid solutions at 0.2 mol/L ionic strength and 50 degrees C by the extraction resin containing di (2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) and the chromatographic separation of (Er(III), Tm(III) and Yb(III)). Technological separation products, with purity and yield of Tm2O3 >99.97%, >80%, Er2O3 >99.9%, >94% and Yb2O3 >99.8%, >80% respectively, have been obtained from a feed having the composition Tm2O3 60%, Er2O3 10%, and Yb2O3 3%, the others 27%. The distribution coefficients, extraction equilibrium constants and separation factors have been determined as a function of acidity, loading of the resin and rare earths, flow rates and column ratios. The resolutions and efficiencies of separation of Er/Tm/Yb each other have been calculated. The stoichiometry of the extraction of rare earth ions has been suggested as well.

Miscibility and phase behavior in blends containing random copolymers of poly(ether ether ketone) and phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone)

The miscibility and phase behavior of polysulfone (PSF) and poly(hydroxyether of bisphenol A) (phenoxy) with a series of copoly(ether ether ketone) (COPEEK), a random copolymer of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), and phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone) (PEK-C) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry. A COPEEK copolymer containing 6 mol % ether ether ketone (EEK) repeat units is miscible with PSF, whereas copolymers containing 12 mol % EEK and more are not. COPEEK copolymers containing 6 and 12 mol % EEK are completely miscible with phenoxy, but those containing 24 mol % EEK and more are immiscible with phenoxy. Moreover, a copolymer containing 17 mol % EEK is partially miscible with phenoxy; the blends show two transitions in the midcomposition region and single transitions at either extreme. Two T(g)s were observed for the 50/50 blend of phenoxy with the copolymer containing 17 mol % EEK, whereas a single composition-dependent T-g appeared for all the other compositions. An FTIR study revealed that there exist hydrogen-bonding interactions between phenoxy and the copolymers. The strengths of the hydrogen-bonding interactions in the blends of the COPEEK copolymers containing 6 and 12 mol % EEK are the same as that in the phenoxy/PEK-C blend. However, for the blends of copolymers containing 17, 24, and 28 mol % EEK, the hydrogen-bonding interactions become increasingly unfavorable and the self-association of the hydroxyl groups of phenoxy is preferable as the content of EEK units in the copolymer increases. The observed miscibility was interpreted qualitatively in terms of the mean-field approach. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

常规二脉冲叠加四阶跃微分伏安法研究──准可逆电极过程的理论和验证

推导并验证了新型阶跃伏安技术──常规二脉冲叠加四阶跃微分伏安法准可逆电极过程的理论电流方程式，同时研究了各项参数如扫描增量（Ｅ_ｓ）、脉冲高度（△Ｅ）、传递系数（α）对峰电流函数（ψｐ）、峰电流（ｉ_ｐ）、峰电位（Ｅ_ｐ）和半峰宽（Ｗ_（１／２））的影响．运用理论ψｐ－ｌｇｋ_ｓ图和单纯形优化计算测量了及Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）／Ｚｎ（Ｈｇ）－ＮａＮＯ３体系的Ｋ_ｓ及α值，结果与文献值一致。

PrP_5O_(14)的晶体结构与铁弹畴

本文用X射线衍射方法研究了PrP_5O_(14)的晶体结构和铁弹相变。晶体空间群为P2_1/c,晶胞参数a=8.777(1)A,b=9.029(2)A,c=13.068(2)A,β=90.35°(1),z=4,最终R值为0.046。在130±5℃转变成正交晶系,空间群为P_(ncm),a=8.813(7)A,b=9.075(2)A,c=13.119(10)A。高温相变使晶体产生了铁弹性孪晶,室温下晶体属mmmF2/m类铁弹体。

乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物序列结构的~(13)C NMR研究——Ⅳ.氯化聚乙烯(CPE)

本文应用取代基效应方法研究了氯化聚乙烯~(13)C NMR谱的归属。讨论了它的链结构并指出中氯含量氯化聚乙烯的结构特征是分子链中出现1,2-二氯乙烷式的结构,从氯化聚乙烯的~(13)C谱中归纳出取代基参数,发现氯含量和温度的改变对取代基参数没有明显的影响。而在溶剂ODCB中加入C_2Cl_4后,取代基参数S_1减小0.48ppm。文章最后研究了氯化聚乙烯的序列分布,讨论了氯含量对序列结构的影响。

Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant Chinese shrimp crustin-like protein (CruFc) in Pichia pastoris

A crustin-like protein (CruFc) from Fenneropenaeus chinensis was expressed in Pichia pastoris and then purified to electrophoretic homogeneity on a Sephacryl S-100 column with a band corresponding to the expected one (13 kDa) shown by 15% SDS-PAGE. Western blot indicated that the rCruFc specifically reacted with polyclonal rabbit anti-Fenneropenaeus chinensis CruFc. Production in a 5 l bioreactor gave 237 mg rCruFc/l. Antimicrobial assay revealed that 4 mu M rCruFc inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus.

Estimation of gas hydrate saturation using constrained sparse spike inversion: Case study from the northern South China Sea

Bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs) were observed beneath the seafloor in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS). Acoustic impedance profile was derived by Constrained Sparse Spike Inversion (CSSI) method to provide information on rock properties and to estimate gas hydrate or free gas saturations in the sediments where BSRs are present. In general, gas hydrate-bearing sediments have positive impedance anomalies and free gas-bearing sediments have negative impedance anomalies. Based on well log data and Archie's equation, gas hydrate saturation can be estimated. But in regions where well log data is not available, a quantitative estimate of gas hydrate or free gas saturation is inferred by fitting the theoretical acoustic impedance to sediment impedance obtained by CSSI. Our study suggests that gas hydrate saturation in the Taixinan Basin is about 10 - 20% of the pore space, with the highest value of 50%, and free gas saturation below BSR is about 2 - 3% of the pore space, that can rise to 8 - 10% at a topographic high. The free gas is non-continuous and has low content in the southeastern slope of the Dongsha Islands. Moreover, BSR in the northern continental margin of the SCS is related to the presence of free gas. BSR is strong where free gas occurs.