麻黄-甘草药对配伍前后主要药效成分及抗炎活性的变化

利用高效液相色谱串联质谱联用法(HPLC-MS/MS)和气相色谱质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析了麻黄与甘草药对配伍前后水煎液中主要药效成分的变化,并通过小鼠的耳廓肿胀试验考察了甘草、麻黄单煎液及药对共煎液的抗炎活性变化。分别通过HPLC法和GC-MS法对甘草与麻黄中主要化学成分,甘草酸、甘草苷、麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱进行了定量分析,通过单煎液和药对共煎液的对比,发现麻黄与甘草配伍共煎液中麻黄碱(含伪麻黄碱)的含量增加了14.52%;甲基麻黄碱(含甲基伪麻黄碱)的含量增加了64.0%;甘草酸含量增加了13.50%;而甘草苷含量降低了19.38%。药效实验证明,甘草与麻黄配伍后抗炎作用较甘草麻黄单煎液明显增强。从而在主要成分的变化程度上揭示了甘草与麻黄配伍过程中的增效机理。

Investigation of "Rearrangement Step" in classical Beckmann rearrangement mechanism over solid acid by means of O-18 isotopic

The reaction mechanism of the Beckmann rearrangement over B2O3/gamma-Al2O3 and TS-1 in the gas phase has been investigated by isotope labeling approach. The isotopic labeled products were measured by mass spectrometry method. By exchanging oxygen with H, 180 in the rearrangement step, it was found that the exchange reaction between cyclohexanone oxime and (H2O)-O-18 over B2O3/-gamma-Al2O3 and TS-1 could only be carried out in some extent. It suggested that the dissociation of nitrilium, over solid acids be not completely free as the classical mechanism. A concept of the dissociation degree (alpha) that is defined as the ratio of the dissociated intermediate nitrilium to the total intermediate nitrilium has been proposed. By fitting the experimental values with the calculation equation of isotopic labeled products, it is obtained that a values for B2O3/-gamma-Al2O3 and TS-1 are 0.199 and 0.806 at the reaction conditions, respectively.

Hydrothermal synthesis of Fe and Mn doped SnO2 and its magnetic structures

The dilute magnetic semiconductor of Sn1-x-yMnxFeyO2 (0 <= x <= 0.10, 0 <= y <= 0.10) Were syhthesized with the hydrothermal method using SnCl4, Mn(CH3COO)(2) center dot 4H(2)O and FeCl3 center dot 6H(2)O as the raw materials. The structure, morphologies and magnetic properties of the sample were characterized via X-ray powder diffractometer(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Raman spectrum and superconducting and quantum interference device(SQUIT), and Mossbeaur spectrum. No secondary phase was found in the XRD spectrum. The morphology of the samples is affected by the kind or the mount of transition metal. The local vibrating model-of Mn Positioned SnO2 sites was found in Raman spectrum. The measured magnetic results indicate that when x = 0.10, y = 0, the sample exhibits strong magnetization in low-temperature (5 K), but the magnetization decrease rapidly at room. temperature; In contrast, when x = 0, y = 0.1, the sample's magnetization and coercivity are both small, but being temperature independent. Mossbeaur spectra indicates that part of the Fe is ferromagnetic coupled, and the simulating results indicate that the ferromagnetic character is intrinsic.

La_(4-x)(P_2O_5)_3:Eu_x的合成及光谱性质

磷酸盐是一类十分稳定的晶体化合物 ,易形成 P— O键的多酸根聚合体[1 ] ,以直键或环状排列 ,它们能与稀土离子形成稳定的化合物。作为稀土发光材料的基质 ,具有吸收能力强、转换效率高、物理化学性质稳定、能承受大功率的电子束和高能射线等优点 ,在光致发光 [2 ] 、电致发光[3] 、阴极射线发光 [4 ] 和X射线发光 [5] 等方面获得了广泛的应用。近年来 ,关于稀土焦磷酸盐的合成已有不少的报道。常用的方法是高温固相法 [6 ] ,用此方法合成的样品虽然亮度高 ,但纯度较低 ,粒度不均匀 ,所以探索合成稀土焦磷酸盐的新方法十分有必要。本文采用液相法合成稀土焦磷酸盐 ,通过对产物的 X射线衍射图的分析来探索合成稀土焦磷酸盐的最佳酸度和最佳锻烧温度 ,并对产物的激发光谱和发射光谱作了分析 ,此方法具有纯度高、粒度小和工艺简单等特点。La4 - x(P2 O5) 3:Eux 的合成 :准确称取 1 0 .0 0 0 0 g La2 O3(99.99% )和 2 .0 0 0 0 g Eu2 O3(99.99% ) ,分别用浓 HNO3(优级纯 )溶解完全 ,加蒸馏水配制成 0 .1 mol/ L 的 La(N...

Effect of compatibilization on the properties of HIPS/PA1010 blends

Blends consisting of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) as the matrix and polyamide 1010 (PA1010) as the dispersed phase were prepared by mixing. The grafting copolymers of HIPS and maleic anhydride (MA), the compatibilizer precursors of the blends, were synthesized. The contents of the IMA in the grafting copolymers are 4.7 wt % and 1.6 wt %, and were assigned as HAM and LMA, respectively. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the domain size of the PA1010 dispersed phase in the HIPS matrix of compatibilized blends decreased comparing with that of uncompatibilized blends. For the blend with 25 wt % HIPS-g-MA component, the T-c of PA1010 shifts towards lower temperature, from 178 to 83 degrees C. It is found that HIPS-g-MA used as the third component has profound effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting blends. This behavior has been attributed to the chemical reaction taking place in situ during the mixing between the two components of PA1010 and HIPS-g-MA. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

预混旋流雾化-氢化物发生电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定氢化物及非氢化物形成元素

在原旋流雾室气动雾化-氢化物发生装置上增加样品-硼氢钠溶液混合通道,使氢化物形成元素的检出限较原装置明显改善,非氢化物形成元素的检出限也有一定改善;汞可还原为原子蒸汽而提高进样效率,检出限较通常的气动雾化法改善20倍。方法应用于地质样品中氢化物及非氢化物形成元素的同时测定。

Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles of Fenneropenaeus chinensis Challenged with WSSV and Vibrio

Microarray technique was used to analyze the gene expression profiles of shrimp when they were challenged by WSSV and heat-inactivated Vibrio anguillarum, respectively. At 6 h post challenge (HPC), a total of 806 clones showed differential expression profile in WSSV-challenged samples, but not in Vibrio-challenged samples. The genes coding energy metabolism enzyme and structure protein were the most downregulated elements in 6 h post WSSV-challenged (HPC-WSSV) tissues. However, a total of 155 clones showed differential expression in the Vibrio-challenged samples, but not in WSSV-challenged samples. Serine-type endopeptidase and lysosome-related genes were the most upregulated elements in tissues 6 h post Vibrio challenge (HPC-Vibrio). Totally, 188 clones showed differential expression in both 6 and 12 HPC-WSSV and HPC-Vibrio samples. Most of the differentially expressed genes (185/188) were downregulated in the samples of 12 HPC-WSSV, whereas upregulated in the samples at 6 and 12 HPC-Vibrio and 6 HPC-WSSV. The expression profiles of three differentially expressed genes identified in microarray hybridization were analyzed in hemocytes, lymphoid organ, and hepatopancreas of shrimp challenged by WSSV or Vibrio through real-time PCR. The results further confirmed the microarray hybridization results. The data will provide great help for us in understanding the immune mechanism of shrimp responding to WSSV or Vibrio.

趋磁细菌AMB-1培养条件优化及磁小体变化过程研究

趋磁细菌(Magnetotactic bacteria)的研究是国际微生物学研究热点之一。趋磁细菌体内含有纳米单磁畴的氧化铁/硫化铁(Fe3O4或Fe3S4)晶体，称为磁小体。由于趋磁细菌营养条件要求苛刻，在环境中需要微好氧条件，且营养类型属于化能自养，使得培养趋磁细菌时常遇到问题。 本研究首先通过正交试验优化趋磁细菌AMB-1菌株培养条件，在培养条件铁源为奎尼酸铁0.02 mmol/L，装瓶量75% ，pH值6.7，温度25 ℃时，AMB-1 OD600达到0.440(1.166×109 cells/ml)。同时运用磁收集传代法，使带有磁小体的AMB-1细胞比例占95％以上(Cmag值稳定在1.9-2.0)。 在AMB-1具有较好的生物量，同时又具有较好的含磁小体细胞比例后，研究磁小体的变化过程。通过透射电镜观察磁小体变化过程，发现培养24 h细菌体内已有较小晶体形成(平均27 nm，n=188)且沿长轴分布；48 h晶体长大(平均43 nm，n=203)且形成分段链沿长轴排列；72 h晶体进一步成熟(平均50 nm，n=191)仍以分段链沿长轴排列；随后细菌逐渐衰亡磁小体变小，168 h可见部分自溶细菌中仍有磁小体链(平均37 nm，n=186)；192 h细菌自溶磁小体链(平均33 nm，n=184)分散到环境中。 通过透射电镜在细胞水平上研究趋磁细菌细胞分裂时发现，磁小体在细菌分裂时采用两种分离方式：一种为磁小体分配到两个子细胞；另一种为磁小体只分配到一个子细胞。无磁小体的子细胞，在随后的生长过程又分为两种情况：一种为细胞逐渐产生磁小体，另一种为不再产生磁小体。这种现象的发现，解释了随着传代次数的增多，细菌磁性有所下降的原因(Cmag值降低)。 在对趋磁细菌磁小体合成机制的研究中，常使用基因敲除的办法获得缺陷型，并与野生型对比进行研究。但是，利用基因敲除获得缺陷型不仅操作繁琐并且所得缺陷型不稳定。本研究利用特殊的磁富集传代法，先将带有磁小体的菌体收集并连续传代，筛选获得了高磁菌株；利用这种方法，收集不含磁小体的菌体并连续传代，筛选获得了无磁菌株。 趋磁细菌磁小体在医疗、环保等领域具有广阔应用价值，但是目前由于趋磁细菌难以大规模培养，并且磁小体纯化存在成本高等原因，将磁小体真正实际应用尚有一段距离。通过研究磁小体在趋磁细菌中的变化过程发现，AMB-1菌株在培养192 h后自溶，并且磁小体随着细胞的破碎释放到环境中去。

矮嵩草草甸植物种群物候学定量研究

通过对矮嵩草草甸主要植物种群物候特性的观测研究，采用聚类分析和主分量排序法将矮嵩草草甸19种植物种群划分为不同的物候类群。利用相关系数排序法指出了影响不同物候期的主要生态因子依次是温度、降水量和日照时数。研究结果表明，物候指数是说明高寒矮嵩草草甸物候模式的一个有用指标。

高压差热分析方法（HP-DTA）研究钙蒙脱石-氯化钙-水体系中的脱水作用

在开放（P_水806 * (1000/T) (11.26M) 20%: 1np = 14.580 - 5.831 * (1000/T) (16.9M) 30%: 1np = 14.412 - 5.519 * (1000/T)根据这些等式求出了在不同压力、温度下各种浓度的CaCl_2-H_2O流体的水逸度系数（￡）。由于至目前为止在文献中还没有这方面的实验研究报道，因而无法评价这一新方法所获得的数据的准确性。利用求得的￡值，在本篇论文中建立起了不同浓度的CaCl_2-H_2O流体影响钙蒙脱石脱水温度的热力学模式：TD' = [T_1*T_D*(ΔH_(tw) + ΔH_(sv)~盐）/[T_1*(ΔG + ΔH_(dn)~水）-T_D~* (ΔH_(av)~水-ΔH_(sv)~盐）在0-1M浓度范围内，可以认为ΔH_(dh)~水≈H_(dh)~盐，等式变为：TD' = (TD*ΔH_(dh))/(ΔG + ΔH_(dh)）根据这个模式，能推导出在实验浓度范围内，钙蒙脱石在盐水体系中的脱水温度。通过本次论文的实验研究知道在一般沉积盆地的埋芷条件下，钙蒙脱石矿物不会发生简单的脱水作用。在缺乏K~+和低盐度的环境中，含水相蒙脱石可稳定地存在在一定深度的地壳中因而不可忽略蒙脱石在海洋化学和俯冲带水来源中的作用。在选择处理簇射性废料的回填料（backfill）时，如其它条件相同，则应优先选择钙蒙脱石，而不是蛭石。在石油采矿和勘探工程中，因压力释放所造成的蒙脱石的脱水作用可能是使钻井变大和塌方的可能性原因之一。

Electrophoretic migration behavior of DNA fragments in polymer solution

A newly developed polymer coil shrinking theory is described and compared with the existing entangled solution theory to explain electrophoretic migration behaviour of DNA in hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) polymer solution in buffer containing 100 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane 100 mM boric acid, 2 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at pH 8.3. The polymer coil shrinking theory gave a better model to explain the results obtained. The polymer coil shrinking concentration, C-s, was found to be 0.305% and the uniform entangled concentration, C+, 0.806%. The existence of three regions (the dilute, semidilute, and concentrated solution) at different polymer concentrations enables a better understanding of the system to guide the selection of the best conditions to separate DNA fragments. For separating large fragments (700/800 bp), dilute solutions (HPMC < 0.3%) should be used to achieve a short migration time (10 min). For small fragments (200/300 bp), concentrated solutions are preferred to obtain constant resolution and uniform separation. The best resolution is 0.6% HPMC due to a combined interaction of the polymer coils and the entangled structure. The possibility of DNA separation in semidilute solution is often neglected and the present results indicate that this region has a promising potential for analytical separation of DNA fragments.

The Irish credit union movement: member participation and organisational effectiveness

This thesis explores the relationship between organisational effectiveness and member participation in Irish credit unions. It is hypothesised that a positive relationship exists between both variables. Co-operative literature suggests that co-operatives require the involvement of the members in identifying and meeting their own needs in order to be effective organisations. Previous research studies into the issue across a variety of organisational types have shown mixed results. Related research into credit unions is sparse. The primary research undertaken is both quantitative and qualitative in approach. Organisational effectiveness is examined in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Member participation, being an organisational process, is examined in qualitative terms. Indicators of organisational effectiveness, specific to credit unions, are drawn up and form a framework through which effectiveness is examined. A typology and indicators of member participation are also developed and form a framework through which member participation is examined. The case study method is used primarily, to examine organisational effectiveness and member participation in Irish credit unions. A case study of a theoretical credit union, which is based on a composite of good practice in credit unions in Ireland and internationally, is also drawn up to develop the analysis further. The case studies allow an analysis of both organisational effectiveness and member participation, as well as an exploration of the relationship between the two. The findings support the hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between the two variables. In order to be effective, credit unions must involve their members in identifying their needs and in designing services to meet these needs. At present, they do not do this to any large extent. In order to continue to meet the needs of their members and to compete in the financial services sector, credit unions will need to find ways of involving members, drawing on good practice in other co-operatives. This will be critical to their continued success.

Advanced occupant behavioural features of the building-EXODUS evacuation model

The purpose of this paper is to describe and demonstrate some of the advanced behavioral features currently being developed for the building-EXODUS evacuation model. These advanced features involve the ability to specify roles for particular individuals during the evacuation. With these enhancements to the Behavioral Sub model of building-EXODUS, it is possible to include a number of procedural and behavioral aspects previously ignored in evacuation simulations. These include the behavioral aspect of group bonding, the procedural aspects involved with the role of the fire warden and rescue operations undertaken by the fire services. The importance of these enhancements are discussed and demonstrated through three simple simulations.

Parallel performance in multi-physics simulation

A comprehensive simulation of solidification/melting processes requires the simultaneous representation of free surface fluid flow, heat transfer, phase change, non-linear solid mechanics and, possibly, electromagnetics together with their interactions in what is now referred to as "multi-physics" simulation. A 3D computational procedure and software tool, PHYSICA, embedding the above multi-physics models using finite volume methods on unstructured meshes (FV-UM) has been developed. Multi-physics simulations are extremely compute intensive and a strategy to parallelise such codes has, therefore, been developed. This strategy has been applied to PHYSICA and evaluated on a range of challenging multi-physics problems drawn from actual industrial cases.