菜籽粕对异育银鲫免疫应答能力的影响

试验鱼以投喂饲料的不同和是否注射抗原共分为10组,即免疫组:A、B、C、D、E组,免疫对照组:a、b、c、de、组,饲料对照组:A、a组。饲料试验组B、C、D、E、bc、、d、e组。其中,饲料对照组以豆粕和鱼粉为基础蛋白源,饲料试验组分别以双低菜籽粕和普通菜籽粕等氮替代对照组中50%(B、b;D、d)和100%(C、c;E、e)的豆粕蛋白,测定异育银鲫血液白细胞和头肾吞噬细胞的吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性、血清补体(C3,C4)含量、血清凝集抗体效价及免疫保护率。结果表明:从免疫后21 d开始,饲料试验组E、

Numerical study of the shielding properties of macroscopic hybrid ferromagnetic/superconductor hollow cylinders

We study the magnetic shielding properties of hybrid ferromagnetic/ superconductor (F/S) structures consisting of two coaxial cylinders, with one of each material. We use an axisymmetric finite-element model in which the electrical properties of the superconducting tube are modeled by a nonlinear E-J power law with a magnetic-field-dependent critical current density whereas the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic material take saturation into account. We study and compare the penetration of a uniform axial magnetic field in two cases: 1) a ferromagnetic tube placed inside a larger superconducting tube (Ferro-In configuration) and 2) a ferromagnetic tube placed outside the superconducting one (Ferro-Out configuration). In both cases, we assess how the ferromagnetic tube improves the shielding properties of the sole superconducting tube. The influence of the geometrical parameters of the ferromagnetic tube is also studied: It is shown that, upon an optimal choice of the geometrical parameters, the range of magnetic fields that are efficiently shielded by the high-temperature superconductor tube alone can be increased by a factor of up to 7 (2) in a Ferro-Out (Ferro-In) configuration. The optimal configuration uses a 1020 carbon steel with a thickness of 2 mm and a height that is half that of the superconducting cylinder (80 mm). © 2009 IEEE.

Static analysis of Euler-Bernoulli beams with multiple unilateral cracks under combined axial and transverse loads

The paper deals with the static analysis of pre-damaged Euler-Bernoulli beams with any number of unilateral cracks and subjected to tensile or compression forces combined with arbitrary transverse loads. The mathematical representation of cracks with a bilateral behaviour (i.e. always open) via Dirac delta functions is extended by introducing a convenient switching variable, which allows each crack to be open or closed depending on the sign of the axial strain at the crack centre. The proposed model leads to analytical solutions, which depend on four integration constants (to be computed by enforcing the boundary conditions) along with the Boolean switching variables associated with the cracks (whose role is to turn on and off the additional flexibility due to the presence of the cracks). An efficient computational procedure is also presented and numerically validated. For this purpose, the proposed approach is applied to two pre-damaged beams, with different damage and loading conditions, and the results so obtained are compared against those given by a standard finite element code (in which the correct opening of the cracks is pre-assigned), always showing a perfect agreement. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

C-values of seven marine mammal species determined by flow cytometry

C-values, which estimate genome size, have puzzled geneticists for years because they bear no relationship to organismal complexity. Though C-values have been estimated for thousands of species, considerably more data are required in order to better understanding genome evolution. This is particularly true for mammals, in which C-values are known for less than 8% of the total number of mammalian species. Among marine mammals, a C-value has been estimated only for the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Thus examination of additional species of marine mammals is necessary for comparative purposes. It will enable a better understanding of marine mammal genome evolution, and it is also relevant to conservation, because larger genome size has been linked to increased likelihood of extinction in some plant and animal groups. Our study presents C-values of seven marine mammal species, including five cetacean species that are endangered to varying degrees. Similarly to the results for other groups, our results suggest that larger genome size in cetaceans is related to an increased likelihood of extinction.

场发射(FED)用荧光粉的研制与改性

场发射平板显示器（Field Emission Displays, FED）是一种新发展起来的平板显示器，由于其在亮度、视角、响应时间、工作温度范围、能耗等方面具有优良的特性，成为近年新型显示器研究的热点之一。为实现高效的FED红、绿、蓝全色显示，荧光粉在其中起着十分重要的作用。制备性能优良的场发射用彩色荧光粉是决定将来FED技术成功与否的关键因素之一。 本论文研究的内容包括场发射(FED)用荧光粉的研制和改性工作。在场发射(FED)用荧光粉研制方面，采用溶胶-凝胶方法，制备了一系列新型场发射(FED)用荧光粉，包括稀土离子激活的镓酸镧 [(LaGaO3: Re3+ (Re = Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm, Sm)]体系、铟酸钙[(CaIn2O4: Re3+ (Re = Eu, Pr, Tb, Dy,)]体系、铟酸锶[(SrIn2O4: Re3+ (Re = Pr, Tb, Dy)]体系、镓酸镥[Lu3Ga5O12:Re3+ (Re = Eu, Tb，Pr)]体系，并研究了Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm等稀土离子在这些基质中的光致发光、低压阴极射线发光性质和能量传递等性质。在荧光粉的改性方面，采用喷雾热解法制备了Sr2CeO4球形场发射用荧光粉，研究了喷雾前驱体溶液中，聚乙二醇浓度、金属离子浓度、烧结温度对形貌及发光性能的影响；采用溶胶－凝胶方法成功将SiO2表明包覆一层CaTiO3:Pr3+, Y3Al5O12:Ce3+/Tb3+荧光粉，得到单分散，球形形貌，分布均匀，具有核/壳结构的球形荧光粉；另外研究了不同的制备方法对Ga2O3:Dy3+荧光粉的发光性能的影响。所得样品用XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM、漫反射光谱、光致发光(PL)光谱、荧光寿命曲线、低压阴极射线(CL)光谱等进行表征。 在紫外光激发下，稀土离子激活的镓酸镧彩色荧光粉有基质(LaGaO3)的发射和稀土离子(Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Tm3+, Sm3+)的特征发射，研究表明在基质和稀土离子之间存在能量传递，其能量传递效率因离子而异。在阴极射线激发下，样品仅有稀土离子(Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Tm3+, Sm3+)的特征发射。如：LaGaO3: Eu3+发红光，LaGaO3: Dy3+发白光，LaGaO3: Tm3+发蓝光，LaGaO3: Sm3+发黄光，LaGaO3: Sm3+,Tb3+发白光。LaGaO3: Tb3+的发光颜色可通过不同Tb3+的掺杂浓度从蓝光到绿光进行调控。在相同的激发条件下，所制备的蓝光发射的LaGaO3: Tb3+和LaGaO3: Tm3+荧光粉与商业FED用蓝粉(Y2SiO5: Ce3+，日亚化学工业株式会社，NP-1047)相比具有更好的色纯度和更高的发光效率；所制备的黄光发射的LaGaO3: Sm3+荧光粉与商业低压黄色荧光粉((Zn,Cd)S: Ag，日亚化学工业株式会社，NP-1020)相比，色纯度接近，但具有更高的发光效率。并首次实现了单一基质中白光发射(LaGaO3: Sm3+,Tb3+), 所制备的稀土离子激活的镓酸镧彩色荧光粉[(LaGaO3: Re3+ (Re = Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm, Sm )]在场发射器件有潜在的应用。 在稀土离子掺杂的Sr/CaIn2O4荧光粉体系中，在基质Sr/CaIn2O4和掺杂离子Pr3+/Tb3+/Dy3+存在高效能量传递。基质Sr/CaIn2O4吸收能量向激活离子Pr3+/ Tb3+/Dy3+传递，发射为稀土离子Pr3+/Tb3+/Dy3+的特征发射，发光强度、荧光寿命等符合应用要求，在低压电子束激发下，Sr/CaIn2O4: Pr3+/Tb3+/Dy3+荧光粉为稀土离子的特征发射，其低压阴极射线发光(CL)光谱与光致发光(PL)发射光谱一致，CL强度随激发电压，电流密度增加而增强。 对于CaIn2O4:Eu3+荧光粉，进一步研究表明CaIn2O4:Eu3+荧光粉的光致发光和阴极射线发光颜色可以通过掺杂不同浓度的Eu3+从白光，黄光，到红光进行调控。低浓度掺杂发白光，高浓度掺杂发红光，适当的浓度发黄光。 在Lu3Ga5O12:Re3+ (Re = Eu, Tb，Pr)荧光粉体系中，在紫外（UV）和低压阴极射线激发下，所制备的荧光粉Lu3Ga5O12: Eu3+, Lu3Ga5O12: Pr3+为稀土离子Eu3+, Pr3+的特征发射，分别发黄光和绿光。Lu3Ga5O12:Tb3+的发光颜色因Tb3+掺杂浓度不同而不同，低浓度掺杂发蓝光，高浓度发绿光。 Sr2CeO4荧光粉在UV及低压阴极射线激发下发出强烈蓝光，源于配体到金属离子电荷迁移带跃迁(Ce4+-O2-)。其阴极射线发光强度与电压及灯丝电流呈良好的线性关系。 采用溶胶－凝胶方法的核壳结构的SiO2@CaTiO3:Pr3+和SiO2@Y3Al5O12: Ce3+/Tb3+荧光粉, FESEM和TEM结果表明这种核壳结构的发光材料表面致密，厚度均匀，保持了单分散SiO2微球的形貌特征。在UV及低压阴极射线激发下，SiO2@CaTiO3:Pr3+呈强红色发射，源于Pr3+ 的1D2—3H4 (612 nm)跃迁；SiO2@Y3Al5O12:Ce3+和SiO2@Y3Al5O12:Tb3+ 分别发黄绿光和绿光，源于Ce3+的5d-4f和Tb3+的5D4-7FJ (J = 6, 5, 4, 3)跃迁。PL强度可以通过包覆次数调控，CL强度随激发电压及灯丝电流增加而增强。 在Ga2O3:Dy3+荧光粉体系中，采用了溶胶-凝胶，氨水共沉淀，和高温固相法制备了Ga2O3:Dy3+荧光粉并比较了他们的结晶行为，形貌，光致发光和低压阴极射线发光性能。溶胶-凝胶法制备由于原料在分子层次上混合，可以得到纯相，氨水共沉淀和高温固相法原料不如溶胶凝胶法混合均匀，很难得到纯相。溶胶-凝胶和氨水共沉淀所得荧光粉为纳米级别大小，分别呈球形和玉米棒形状；高温固相法微米级别且呈不规则形状。Ga2O3向Dy3+传递能量效率依次按溶胶-凝胶，氨水共沉淀，和高温固相法逐渐降低。在紫外光激发下，分别发白光，蓝白光，蓝光。其低压阴极射线发光与光致发光类似。相比之下，溶胶-凝胶法制备Ga2O3:Dy3+荧光粉比氨水共沉淀和高温固相法制备要好。

导电聚哒嗪的电化学合成与结构、性能表征

在现有导电聚合物中，芳香族杂环聚合物尤为人们所重视，这不仅因为它们能够容易地用电化学方法合成，而且还因为它们具有较好的稳定性。然而在众多的杂环聚合物中，只有聚吡咯、聚噻吩及其取代衍生物得到广泛深入的研究，对其他聚合物则了解甚少。Satoh等曾报道过聚哒嗪的电化学合成，但是却缺乏详细的表征、研究工作。为深入了解聚哒嗪的结构和性质，在本论文中，我们详细讨论了聚哒嗪的电化学合成及其结构、性能表征，并提出了其导电机理。首先，我们按文献方法成功地合成了单体哒嗪，并且对中间产物2，5－二甲氧基－2.5－二氢呋喃的电解合成法作了较大修改。在单体合成的基础上，进行了聚哒嗪的电化学合成。对哒嗪的电化学氧化聚合研究表明，哒嗪具有较高的氧化聚合电位，其值约为1.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl。哒嗪的循环伏安氯化电流峰在1.9V附近；与其它杂环化合物类似，哒嗪氧化聚合时，聚合物同时也发生氧化掺杂，因此，在1.3-1.5V范围内，循环伏安谱上有一小肩峰逐渐形成；与此相对应，还原聚哒嗪膜在不含单体的电解质溶液中扫描时，在1.2V附近有一氧化电流峰出现。由于哒嗪阳离子自由基较高的稳定性，它的一部分能够从阳极表面向溶液扩散而产生可溶性低分子量产物，使哒嗪氧化聚合反应电流效率只达到70％左右。另外对聚哒嗪膜的电化学行为表征表明，聚哒嗪膜的电化氧化－还原活性很差，这使得它的应用价值受到限制。根据元素分析结果，中性聚哒嗪的化学组成符合分子式：(C_4H_2N_2)_n。在它的红外光谱上，840cm~(-1)的δ_(CH)面外吸收的出现证明聚合物主要是α-α'联结的；但聚哒嗪的C1s*PS谱在高结合能侧出现一小峰也意味着其它类型的键接方式的存在。元素分析，红外光谱、XPS等表征均说明，电化学聚合所得的聚哒嗪是高掺杂的，掺杂阴离子含量约为0.2-0.3阴离子／环，而且其N1s*PS谱的不对称性暗示，掺杂聚哒嗪的正电荷存在非均匀分布。另外，掺杂聚哒嗪在1020和920cm~(-1)有两个掺杂诱导吸收带。作为一种导电聚合物，聚哒嗪具有较高的电导率（σ_(max)=2.2s/cm），而且具有较好的环境和空气稳定性。对聚哒嗪的吸收光谱研究表明，中性聚哒嗪只有一个相应于能隙的吸收峰；而掺杂聚哒嗪有两个低于能隙的吸收峰（分别位于0.9eV和1.9eV），从而证明掺杂聚哒嗪中荷电态是双极子，聚哒嗪的主要导电机制为双极子的链内迁移和链间跳跃。ESR研究表明，聚哒嗪中存在着中性自由基，它们大都是由于聚合反应的不完善带来的，而且它能与氨气作用而湮灭。另外，聚哒嗪能溶于二甲基亚砜，且溶液与聚哒嗪膜有相同的光谱和ESR性质，从而证明其电子结构没有发生变化。

INTERFACIAL REACTIONS IN THE CO/SI/GAAS AND SI/CO/GAAS SYSTEMS

The interfacial reactions between thin films of cobalt and silicon and (100)-oriented GaAs substrates in two configurations, Co/Si/GaAs and Si/Co/GaAs, were studied using a variety of techniques including Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The annealing conditions were 200, 300, 400, 600-degrees-C for 30 min, and rapid thermal annealing for 15 s. It was found that Si layer in the Co/Si/GaAs system acts as a barrier at the interface between Co and GaAs when annealed up to 600-degrees-C. The interfacial reaction between Co and Si is faster than that between Co and GaAs in the system of Si/Co/GaAs. The sequence of compound formation for the two metallizations studied (Co/Si/GaAs and Si/Co/GaAs) depends strongly on the sample configuration as well as the layer thickness of Si and Co (Co/Si atomic ratio). From our results, it is promising to utilize Co/Si/GaAs multilayer film structure to make a CoSi2/GaAs contact, and this CoSi2 may offer an alternative to the commonly used W silicides as improved gate metallurgies in self-aligned metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) technologies.

50/100GHz AWG型光学梳状滤波器的设计与制备

以Si基SiO2平面光波导为基础,设计并制备了50/100GHz AWG型光学梳状滤波器.制备得到的AWG型光学梳状滤波器可以覆盖1520～1585nm的波长范围,共有160个信道.功率输出不均匀度＜0.5dB,插入损耗＜8dB,相邻通道的串扰＞13dB,在距离中心频率最远的信道,输出频率偏离ITU标准15GHz.分析了影响器件串扰和信道频率偏移的原因,并提出了相应的解决办法.