A parceria público-privada do Instituto Ayrton Senna e a Prefeitura Municipal de Benevides - PA: entre os desafios (pro)postos e os limites da realidade

A tese intitulada “A parceria público-privada com o Instituto Ayrton Senna e a Prefeitura de Benevides/PA: entre os desafios (pro)postos e os limites da realidade”, cujo problema se refere à relação existente entre as orientações emanadas pela parceria entre o Instituto Ayrton Senna (IAS) e a Prefeitura Municipal de Benevides (PMB), executadas por meio dos Programas Acelera Brasil e Se Liga, e o processo de interferência na política de educação municipal e, consequentemente, no “fazer pedagógico” dos professores. Como questão central, definiu-se: Quais as implicações dos Programas Acelera Brasil e Se Liga (do IAS), no município de Benevides/PA no período de 2010-2012, no contexto de redefinição do papel do Estado, na gestão educacional municipal e na melhoria da qualidade do ensino? O estudo objetivou analisar a implantação e desenvolvimento dessa parceria entre o IAS e a PMB, com vistas a compreender a dinâmica vivenciada pelos diferentes sujeitos envolvidos no processo, as relações construídas, suas formas de atuação e significado da parceria para o Município. Com essa perspectiva analisa-se a crise estrutural do capital e a emergência do “terceiro setor”, como aspecto central para compreender as reformas que se seguiram, sobretudo, a partir dos anos de 1990. Trabalha-se a temática das parcerias público-privadas com o IAS a partir de três eixos de análise: gestão, autonomia e qualidade do ensino, abordados em suas particularidades ao longo do texto. A fundamentação teórico-metodológica pautou-se no materialismo histórico-dialético, assumindo os estudos e análises nessa perspectiva e defendeu-se a importância teórica e política de compreender esse fenômeno das parcerias público-privadas em sua totalidade, em sua materialidade no ensino público, principalmente as vivenciadas para a correção de fluxo em Benevides/PA. O estudo caracteriza-se por ser um estudo de caso, cujas fontes privilegiadas para a obtenção dos dados centraram-se em entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 18 (dezoito) profissionais da educação que atuaram no município durante a vigência dos programas (professores, supervisores, diretores de escola, ex-secretários de educação) e na observação não participante. Das análises realizadas constatou-se que a parceria entre Prefeitura Municipal de Benevides e Instituto Ayrton Senna atendeu as determinações do MEC, buscando alcançar os patamares requeridos no IDEB que, subjacente à política de enfrentamento do fracasso escolar, priorizaram orientações e propostas pautadas em critérios gerenciais para promover a concorrência entre as instituições públicas; a gestão democrática, embora constitua a retórica dos gestores, não é constatada em práticas empreendidas pelos sujeitos objetos da pesquisa, no Município, cujas ações estiveram mais próximas do modelo gerencial defendido pelo IAS e; que a busca pela propalada qualidade do ensino produziu a intensificação no trabalho dos professores, cujo nível de exigência por resultados e cumprimento de metas, por vezes, irreais, (pro)postos pela parceria provocou, nos profissionais da educação envolvidos, a impossibilidade de vivências de gestão democrática e de qualidade socialmente referenciada.

Dinâmica sazonal de nutrientes em estuário amazônico

Este artigo mostra a distribuição dos nutrientes no estuário do rio Paracauari, durante um ciclo hidrológico amazônico (2008), e no final do período de La Niña (abril de 2008). Esse estuário é influenciado por clima tropical úmido e meso-marés (3 a 4m), semi-diurna. A amostragem foi realizada em 10 estações em três períodos sazonais distintos: chuvoso (março), intermediário (junho) e menos chuvoso (setembro). Medimos “in situ” os parâmetros físico-químicos utilizando uma sonda multiparâmetro; analisamos os nutrientes dissolvidos (nitrato, nitrito, n-amoniacal, fosfato e silicato) por espectofotometria e o material particulado em suspensão por gravimetria. Observamos amplas variações sazonais nas concentrações dos parâmetros estudados. A temperatura da água (média de 28,58 ºC) é bastante homogênea, típica das águas tropicais. O pH variou de ácido (5,80) à alcalino (7,86) e a salinidade entre 0,06 a 7,56 ambos com valores máximos na foz, devido à maior influência marinha. As águas são mal oxigenadas no período chuvoso (2,35 mg.L-1) e bem no menos chuvoso (6,55 mg.L-1). As concentrações de material particulado em suspensão e de nutrientes foram máximas no período chuvoso devido ao aporte natural proveniente das áreas adjacentes.

Desenvolvimento de software utilizando a técnica sph (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) na geração de ondas de submersão

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Medidores inteligentes: o primeiro passo em direção as redes inteligentes

Smart grids are the focus of major study today because of the necessity of modernization in electrical systems and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that increases global warming. Reaching the best deployment method, you must first of all know the current electrical system and how to use them for the benefit of this new technology. Preparing the action plan we should be aware of the main points of smart grids in each step of the electricity system - generation, transmission and distribution. Analyzed these topics, this work will focus on the first step in the implementation of the smart grids: the smart meters, tool which is already being implemented in Brazil. The main characteristics and applications of these devices, as well as their communication structure with the core distributors will be showed during the paper. Finally, we present a case study which will be discussed and analyzed based in the results obtained with the implementation of smart meters in the city of Vancouver, Canada, where we have a considerable savings already in the first year, with fully paying the initial investment and still have a profit

When size makes a difference: allometry, life-history and morphological evolution of capuchins (Cebus) and squirrels (Saimiri) monkeys (Cebinae, Platyrrhini)

Abstract Background How are morphological evolution and developmental changes related? This rather old and intriguing question had a substantial boost after the 70s within the framework of heterochrony (changes in rates or timing of development) and nowadays has the potential to make another major leap forward through the combination of approaches: molecular biology, developmental experimentation, comparative systematic studies, geometric morphometrics and quantitative genetics. Here I take an integrated approach combining life-history comparative analyses, classical and geometric morphometrics applied to ontogenetic series to understand changes in size and shape which happen during the evolution of two New World Monkeys (NWM) sister genera. Results Cebus and Saimiri share the same basic allometric patterns in skull traits, a result robust to sexual and ontogenetic variation. If adults of both genera are compared in the same scale (discounting size differences) most differences are small and not statistically significant. These results are consistent using both approaches, classical and geometric Morphometrics. Cebus is a genus characterized by a number of peramorphic traits (adult-like) while Saimiri is a genus with paedomorphic (child like) traits. Yet, the whole clade Cebinae is characterized by a unique combination of very high pre-natal growth rates and relatively slow post-natal growth rates when compared to the rest of the NWM. Morphologically Cebinae can be considered paedomorphic in relation to the other NWM. Geometric morphometrics allows the precise separation of absolute size, shape variation associated with size (allometry), and shape variation non-associated with size. Interestingly, and despite the fact that they were extracted as independent factors (principal components), evolutionary allometry (those differences in allometric shape associated with intergeneric differences) and ontogenetic allometry (differences in allometric shape associated with ontogenetic variation within genus) are correlated within these two genera. Furthermore, morphological differences produced along these two axes are quite similar. Cebus and Saimiri are aligned along the same evolutionary allometry and have parallel ontogenetic allometry trajectories. Conclusion The evolution of these two Platyrrhini monkeys is basically due to a size differentiation (and consequently to shape changes associated with size). Many life-history changes are correlated or may be the causal agents in such evolution, such as delayed on-set of reproduction in Cebus and larger neonates in Saimiri.

La hidráulica kárstica como aplicación de la hidrodinámica general. Estudio del flujo en un terreno yesífero fisurado

Se pretende plantear y desarrollar algunas de las leyes clásicas de hidrodinámica introduciendo las características que permiten su aplicación al flujo subterráneo en general y a la hidráulica kárstica en particular. Se estudia la consideración de si el movimiento del agua subterránea en el karst se puede definir como flujo a través de conductos individuales o como un medio continuo con huecos saturados en una matriz sólida. Los trabajos de Hagen (1839) y Poiseuille (1846), junto con los de Darcy (1856) configuran la referencia básica para este estudio (in Crespo, 2006). A ellos puede añadirse también las aportaciones de Couette y Chezy (Rouse, 1951) para flujo libre sobre superficies rocosas. Se presentan varios casos en los que las leyes del movimiento laminar unidireccional ofrecen soluciones que pueden ser válidas para la definición de los parámetros fundamentales del flujo del agua en el subsuelo.

Friction factors and rheological behavior of Australian honey in a straight pipe

The pumping characteristics of four Australian honey samples were investigated in a straight pipe. Six flow rates (100-500 kg h(-1)) were studied at three temperatures (35-50degreesC). The pressure loss increased with an increase in the length of the pipe, as the low rate was increased and as the temperature was reduced. In the 25.4 mm-pipe, the Reynolds number ranged from 0.2-32.0 and are substantially less than the critica value (2040-2180) for laminar condition in the system. The relationship between the wall shear stress and shear rate approximated power-law behaviour, and the power-law index was not significantly (p>0.05) different from 1.0. The honey samples exhibited Newtonian behaviour at all the temperatures and this was confirmed by rheometric studies using Couette geometry. A friction chart was generated independent of temperature and the type of honey. An equation was developed to predict the pressure loss of the honey in a typical pipeline at any temperature once the viscosity-temperature relationship had been established.

Cross-correlation-aided transport in stochastically driven accretion flows

The origin of linear instability resulting in rotating sheared accretion flows has remained a controversial subject for a long time. While some explanations of such non-normal transient growth of disturbances in the Rayleigh stable limit were available for magnetized accretion flows, similar instabilities in the absence of magnetic perturbations remained unexplained. This dichotomy was resolved in two recent publications by Chattopadhyay and co-workers [Mukhopadhyay and Chattopadhyay, J. Phys. A 46, 035501 (2013)1751-811310.1088/1751-8113/46/3/035501; Nath, Phys. Rev. E 88, 013010 (2013)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.88.013010] where it was shown that such instabilities, especially for nonmagnetized accretion flows, were introduced through interaction of the inherent stochastic noise in the system (even a "cold" accretion flow at 3000 K is too "hot" in the statistical parlance and is capable of inducing strong thermal modes) with the underlying Taylor-Couette flow profiles. Both studies, however, excluded the additional energy influx (or efflux) that could result from nonzero cross correlation of a noise perturbing the velocity flow, say, with the noise that is driving the vorticity flow (or equivalently the magnetic field and magnetic vorticity flow dynamics). Through the introduction of such a time symmetry violating effect, in this article we show that nonzero noise cross correlations essentially renormalize the strength of temporal correlations. Apart from an overall boost in the energy rate (both for spatial and temporal correlations, and hence in the ensemble averaged energy spectra), this results in mutual competition in growth rates of affected variables often resulting in suppression of oscillating Alfven waves at small times while leading to faster saturations at relatively longer time scales. The effects are seen to be more pronounced with magnetic field fluxes where the noise cross correlation magnifies the strength of the field concerned. Another remarkable feature noted specifically for the autocorrelation functions is the removal of energy degeneracy in the temporal profiles of fast growing non-normal modes leading to faster saturation with minimum oscillations. These results, including those presented in the previous two publications, now convincingly explain subcritical transition to turbulence in the linear limit for all possible situations that could now serve as the benchmark for nonlinear stability studies in Keplerian accretion disks.

Lattice Boltzmann method for flow and heat transfer in microgeometries

Recent technological developments have made it possible to design various microdevices where fluid flow and heat transfer are involved. For the proper design of such systems, the governing physics needs to be investigated. Due to the difficulty to study complex geometries in micro scales using experimental techniques, computational tools are developed to analyze and simulate flow and heat transfer in microgeometries. However, conventional numerical methods using the Navier-Stokes equations fail to predict some aspects of microflows such as nonlinear pressure distribution, increase mass flow rate, slip flow and temperature jump at the solid boundaries. This necessitates the development of new computational methods which depend on the kinetic theory that are both accurate and computationally efficient. In this study, lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was used to investigate the flow and heat transfer in micro sized geometries. The LBM depends on the Boltzmann equation which is valid in the whole rarefaction regime that can be observed in micro flows. Results were obtained for isothermal channel flows at Knudsen numbers higher than 0.01 at different pressure ratios. LBM solutions for micro-Couette and micro-Poiseuille flow were found to be in good agreement with the analytical solutions valid in the slip flow regime (0.01 < Kn < 0.1) and direct simulation Monte Carlo solutions that are valid in the transition regime (0.1 < Kn < 10) for pressure distribution and velocity field. The isothermal LBM was further extended to simulate flows including heat transfer. The method was first validated for continuum channel flows with and without constrictions by comparing the thermal LBM results against accurate solutions obtained from analytical equations and finite element method. Finally, the capability of thermal LBM was improved by adding the effect of rarefaction and the method was used to analyze the behavior of gas flow in microchannels. The major finding of this research is that, the newly developed particle-based method described here can be used as an alternative numerical tool in order to study non-continuum effects observed in micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS).

Lattice Boltzmann Method for Flow and Heat Transfer in Microgeometries

Recent technological developments have made it possible to design various microdevices where fluid flow and heat transfer are involved. For the proper design of such systems, the governing physics needs to be investigated. Due to the difficulty to study complex geometries in micro scales using experimental techniques, computational tools are developed to analyze and simulate flow and heat transfer in microgeometries. However, conventional numerical methods using the Navier-Stokes equations fail to predict some aspects of microflows such as nonlinear pressure distribution, increase mass flow rate, slip flow and temperature jump at the solid boundaries. This necessitates the development of new computational methods which depend on the kinetic theory that are both accurate and computationally efficient. In this study, lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was used to investigate the flow and heat transfer in micro sized geometries. The LBM depends on the Boltzmann equation which is valid in the whole rarefaction regime that can be observed in micro flows. Results were obtained for isothermal channel flows at Knudsen numbers higher than 0.01 at different pressure ratios. LBM solutions for micro-Couette and micro-Poiseuille flow were found to be in good agreement with the analytical solutions valid in the slip flow regime (0.01 < Kn < 0.1) and direct simulation Monte Carlo solutions that are valid in the transition regime (0.1 < Kn < 10) for pressure distribution and velocity field. The isothermal LBM was further extended to simulate flows including heat transfer. The method was first validated for continuum channel flows with and without constrictions by comparing the thermal LBM results against accurate solutions obtained from analytical equations and finite element method. Finally, the capability of thermal LBM was improved by adding the effect of rarefaction and the method was used to analyze the behavior of gas flow in microchannels. The major finding of this research is that, the newly developed particle-based method described here can be used as an alternative numerical tool in order to study non-continuum effects observed in micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS).

Effet de l'aération d'appoint, de la saison et de l'espèce de macrophytes dans le traitement d'un effluent piscicole par marais artificiel

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Écoulements granulaires par avalanches : indices de fluidité, fractales et multifractales

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Le processus de thermo-érosion du pergélisol dans la zone de pergélisol continu

Les polygones à coin de glace sont très répandus dans la zone du pergélisol continu. Lorsque le ruissellement d’eau de fonte nivale s’infiltre de façon concentrée dans une cavité, il peut initier le processus de thermo-érosion du pergélisol (notamment des coins de glace) pouvant mener à la formation de ravins. Dans la vallée de Qalikturvik sur l’Ile Bylot (NU, Canada), le développement de ravins de thermo-érosion dans un milieu de polygones à coins de glace entraîne comme impact : i. la réorganisation des réseaux de drainage impliquant un assèchement des milieux humides en marge des chenaux d’érosion, ii. des variations dans le régime thermique et de l’humidité de proche-surface et iii. la prise en charge et le déplacement des sédiments vers l’extérieur du bassin-versant. L’objectif de cette thèse vise à approfondir les connaissances géomorphologiques propres au ravinement par thermo-érosion, d’examiner, caractériser et quantifier les impacts du ravinement (tel que sus-mentionné en i. ii. iii.) et le rôle de celui-ci dans une optique d’évolution du paysage périglaciaire à l’échelle temporelle de l’année à la décennie. Les ravins sont dynamiques : un ravin en particulier déclenché en 1999 et étudié depuis s’érodait à une vitesse de 38 à 50 m/a durant sa première décennie d’existence, pour atteindre une longueur totale de ~750 m et une surface érodée de ~25 000 m² en 2009. Des puits sont localisés près des zones de ravinement actives ; des levées alluviale, mares et polygones effondrés dans les zones stabilisées post-perturbation. Sur la terrasse de polygones recouvrant le plancher de la vallée au site à l’étude, 35 ravins furent identifiés et 1401 polygones furent perturbés avec 200 000 m³ de sols transportés. Une amélioration du drainage, une dégradation de la capacité de rétention de l’humidité, une transition d’un écoulement de ruissellement vers un écoulement canalisé caractérise les aires ravinées et leurs environs. Les polygones intacts sont homogènes d’un à l’autre et dans leurs centres ; les polygones perturbés ont une réponse hétérogène (flore, humidité et régime thermique). Les milieux érodés hétérogènes succèdent aux milieux homogènes et deviennent le nouvel état d’équilibre pour plusieurs décennies.

Effet de l'aération d'appoint, de la saison et de l'espèce de macrophytes dans le traitement d'un effluent piscicole par marais artificiel

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.