Ammonia observations of the nearby molecular cloud MBM 12

We present NH_3(1,1) and (2,2) observations of MBM 12, the closest known molecular cloud (65-pc distance), aimed at finding evidence for on-going star formation processes, No local temperature (with a T_rot upper limit of 12 K) or linewidth enhancement is found, which suggests that the area of the cloud that we have mapped (∼ 15-arcmin size) is not currently forming stars. Therefore this nearby 'starless' molecular gas region is an ideal laboratory to study the physical conditions preceding new star formation. A radio continuum source has been found in Very Large Array archive data, close to but outside the NH_3 emission. This source is likely to be a background object.

When Spanish owns English words

The English language and the Internet, both separately and taken together, are nowadays well-acknowledged as powerful forces which influence and affect the lexico-grammatical characteristics of other languages world-wide. In fact, many authors like Crystal (2004) have pointed out the emergence of the so-called Netspeak, that is, the language used in the Net or World Wide Web; as Crystal himself (2004: 19) puts it, ‘a type of language displaying features that are unique to the Internet […] arising out of its character as a medium which is electronic, global and interactive’. This ‘language’, however, may be differently understood: either as an adaptation of the English language proper to internet requirements and purposes, or as a new and rapidly-changing and developing language as a result of a rapid evolution or adaptation to Internet requirements of almost all world languages, for whom English is a trendsetter. If the second and probably most plausible interpretation is adopted, there are three salient features of ‘Netspeak’: (a) the rapid expansion of all its new linguistic developments thanks to the Internet itself, which may lead to the generalization and widespread acceptance of new words, coinages, or meanings, hundreds of times faster than was the case with the printed media. As said above, (b) the visible influence of English, the most prevalent language on the Internet. Consequently, (c) this new language tends to reduce the ‘distance’ between English and other languages as well as the ignorance of the former by speakers of other languages, since the ‘Netspeak’ version of the latter adopts grammatical, syntactic and lexical features of English. Thus, linguistic differences may even disappear when code-switching and/or borrowing occurs, as whole fragments of English appear in other language contexts. As a consequence of the new situation, an ideal context appears for interlanguage or multilingual word formation to thrive: puns, blends, compounds and word creativity in general find in the web the ideal place to gain rapid acceptance world-wide, as a result of fashion, coincidence, or sheer merit of the new linguistic proposals.

Blending in English Charactoons

This article deals with both the word-formation mechanism of blending and the creative process involved in providing characters with proper names in cartoons or TV series for children in English. The study addresses the nature and features of proper and common names, two apparently well-distinguished categories, as well as, and basically fictional proper names, by suggesting differences between fictional proper names and other types of proper and common names. Furthermore, it discusses the presence of blending in fiction and in fictional proper names, with special reference to charactonyms. The main focus of this work is on blended charactonyms in cartoons addressed to children, which for the purposes of this study will be called cartoonyms or charactoons. Questions such as the following are addressed: the formation or creation of cartoonyms or charactoons from pre-existing material; the semantic motivations behind their formation; their resulting structural complexity; their particularly descriptive, expressive and meaningful nature; as well as how suitable they are to the genre in which they are used.

Formação continuada em professores de educação física da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Maceió-Alagoas

Enquadramento:A formação continuada é entendida como a formação recebida por for-mandos já profissionalizados e com uma vida ativa, tendo como base a adaptação contínua para a mudança de conhecimentos, técnicas e condições de trabalho, melhorando as quali-ficações profissionais e, por conseguinte, a sua promoção profissional e social. Objetivos: O objetivo geral foi avaliar o impacto do programa de formação continuada, oferecido pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Maceió-AL aos professores de educa-ção física, no período de 2005 a 2011. Os objetivos específicos foram:caracterizar o perfil do grupo pesquisado, compreender os itinerários formativos e identificar os principais fato-res profissionais e sociais na formação realizada. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo transversal descritivo de natureza quantitativa, com a seleção dos participantes elaborada com base no rol das unidades escolares que atendem a educação básica. A amostra final foi de 48 professores licenciados e concursados na área de educação física, por amostragem baseada em agrupamento e com aplicação de questio-nários de perguntas fechadas e abertas para coleta de dados, revelando: qual a modalidade de formação preferida, a participação do professor no programa de formação, principais motivações para participação, principais efeitos alcançados e qual a satisfação na formação realizada. Resultados: Entre as modalidades de formação analisadas a preferida foi a ‘oficina’com uma percentagem de 42,35%, seguida pelo ‘círculos de estudo’ com 24,71%. Os motivos referidos como muito importante pelos professores para a participação na formação foram os ‘emancipatórios’ com 66,67% e logo após motivos ‘pedagógicos’em 54,17%. Os três principais aspectos positivos na formação, mencionados pelos participantes foram a quali-dade do formador (16,60%), partilhar experiências (15,35%) e conviver/recordar colegas (14,11%). Quanto aos aspectos negativos indicados apontam duração da formação (22,58%), horário da formação (20,43%) e local da formação (15,05%). O grau de satisfa-ção quanto as dimensões exploradas (instrução, gestão/organização, clima relacional e dis-ciplina) na formação os professores encontram-se satisfeitos variando entre 43,75% e 66,67% para os diferentes itens das dimensões. Conclusão: Considerações finais apontam a frequência maior do género feminino, os pro-fessores com experiência profissional de 15 a 29 anos de atuação no magistério, e vincula-ção expressiva com outra instituição de ensino. Quanto aos itinerários formativos elegeram a modalidade formativa oficina como a preferida; quanto aos aspectos positivos valoriza-ram a qualidade do formador e negativo a duração da formação. Principalmente nas dimensões de instrução e gestão/organização da prática docente. A formação continuada da SEMED contribuiu satisfatoriamente para a prática educativa dos professores de educação física ao longo deste período. Palavras-chave: Formação continuada, educação física, professor.

Organic geochemistry of ODP Hole 162-985A sediments

Dark, organic-rich sediments were recovered from the lower Miocene section (~16.6 Ma) in Hole 985A in the Norway Basin during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 162. Organic carbon and total sulfur contents of the dark sediments showed a maximum concentration of 5.6 and 26.1 wt%, respectively. Sulfur enrichment in the sediments indicates that these dark layers were formed under anoxic conditions in bottom water. Four dark and eight greenish gray sediment samples, ranging in age from early Miocene to Pleistocene, were analyzed for lipid-class compounds (aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, and sterols) using gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry to better understand the formation processes of the organic-rich dark layers and to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental changes. The molecular distributions of n-alkanes and fatty alcohols indicate that terrigenous organic matter largely contributed to both types of sediments. Significant amounts of hopanoid hydrocarbons, such as diploptene and hop-17(21)-ene, however, were detected characteristically in the dark sediments, which suggests that prokaryotes such as methane-oxidizing bacteria or cyanobacteria may have significantly contributed to the formation of these organic-rich, dark sediments. These results indicate that the bottom waters of the Norway Basin had been subjected to anoxic conditions during the early Miocene.

Interrogation of Gender Identity: Aesthetic Consumption of Korean Television Dramas by Young Women in China

Given the popularity of Korean television dramas among various age groups in other countries, one would expect to see a similar pattern of consumption across different ages in China. Instead, we see high levels of consumption of Korean dramas by a very specific demographic. Why do young Chinese females consume Korean dramas at such high levels? I argue that young Chinese women’s heavy consumption of Korean dramas that portray a particular aesthetic of self and familial resolution may be explained by a need to redress contemporary psychological issues related to gendered self-identity. I posit that the identity formation processes of this particular demographic has been shaped by changes in family dynamics that stem from social and political restructuring in the 1980s, particularly the one-child policy. Thus, this thesis explores how the consumption of Korean dramas by young females in China may be understood as an implicit interrogation of gendered identity.

A POLÍTICA DE FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR DE QUÍMICA

Considerando as inúmeras fragilidades em relação à minha própria formação de professora de Química, considerando também as disposições legais e as orientações curriculares das políticas educacionais atuais que incorporam aportes teóricos fundamentais para que a aprendizagem se concretize e considerando ainda que as transformações nos procedimentos pedagógicos não acompanham o desenvolvimento das ciências da educação, este estudo teve com foco de investigação os seguintes problemas: a) os professores de Química que atuam no Ensino Médio estão devidamente formados para enfrentar as exigências colocadas pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacional para o Ensino Médio (PCNEM) e a realidade vivida na escola pública? b) O que o professor faz para que o aluno aprenda Química? c) A política de formação do professor de Química dá conta de formar o químico educador? Para obter os dados para responder a estas questões, recorri a uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnográfico, aplicando questionários a um grupo de 12 professores de Química que atuam no Ensino Médio da rede pública estadual da Grande São Paulo. As questões do questionário foram agrupadas em três categorias: aprendizagem de conceitos, aprendizagem de procedimentos e aprendizagem de valores. No anos de 2001, essas categorias foram utilizadas por García Barros e Martinez Losada em pesquisa com professores da educação básica na Espanha, com ênfase nas duas primeiras, para averiguar que tipo de atividades se realiza habitualmente no ensino de Química e para conhecer a importância que os professores respondentes atribuem aos procedimentos que utilizam no processo de ensino. Os dados coletados, analisados à luz de contribuições dos estudiosos que compõem o corpo teórico deste estudo e das propostas contidas nos PCNEM, evidenciam que o saber fazer do professor, como o definem Carvalho e Perez (2002), é fruto de uma formação inicial precária e da quase inexistência de processos de formação continuada na escola.(AU)

Analyzing lexical emergence in Modern American English online

This paper introduces a quantitative method for identifying newly emerging word forms in large time-stamped corpora of natural language and then describes an analysis of lexical emergence in American social media using this method based on a multi-billion word corpus of Tweets collected between October 2013 and November 2014. In total 29 emerging word forms, which represent various semantic classes, grammatical parts-of speech, and word formations processes, were identified through this analysis. These 29 forms are then examined from various perspectives in order to begin to better understand the process of lexical emergence.

Chemical composition of hydrothermal carbonates and barites from the Deryugin Basin, Sea of Okhotsk

Data on hydrothermal activity in the Deryugin Basin (Sea of Okhotsk) are reviewed. Barites and carbonates found in sediment cores sampled at feet of hydrothermal mounds were subdivided into recycled and authigenic types. Recycled minerals were represented by crystals and aggregations of travertine-like barite and fragments of barite and carbonate tubes. Authigenic formations included: (1) carbonate nodules; (2) barite micronodules; (3) transparent colorless barite that generated numerous small nests and filled cavities in sediments; (4) yellow barite formed thin (0.5 mm) veins; and (5) white barite cemented small aggregations of coarse-grained sediments. A detailed examination of formation processes of authigenic minerals in the bottom sediment cores allowed to conclude that, there, hydrothermal activity is still going on today. This was confirmed by high methane concentration in near-bottom water above a field of hydrothermal barite minerals.

Table 3.1 Content and composition of air in an ice profile from Camp III i Greenland

The air trapped in freshly formed ice gives information concerning the ice formation processes as weH as concerning severa,l environmental parameters at the time of ice formation. Air arnount, air composition, and the size and form of bubbles may change with time. Possible processes responsible for such changes are discussed. In very cold ice air content and air composition remain almost unchanged. Samples of ancient atmospheric air are therefore very weH preserved in cold ice. In temperate ice changes of the air amount and air composition depend on the intergranular water fiow through the glacier. This waterfiow can be estimated by measuring air amount and air composition in ice sampIes.

Detrital layer thickness in 12 varved sediment cores in Lake Mondsee and related flood events AD1976-2005

A succession of 23 sub-millimetre to maximum 12-mm-thick, mostly flood-triggered detrital layers, deposited between 1976 and 2005, was analysed in 12 varved surface sediment cores from meso-scale peri-alpine Lake Mondsee applying microfacies and high-resolution micro X-ray fluorescence analyses. Detailed intrabasin comparison of these layers enabled identification of (i) different source areas of detrital sediments, (ii) flood-triggered sediment flux and local erosion events, and (iii) seasonal differences of suspended flood sediment distribution within the lake basin. Additional calibration of the detrital layer record with river discharge and precipitation data reveals different empirical thresholds for flood layer deposition for different parts of the basin. At proximal locations detrital layer deposition requires floods exceeding a daily discharge of 40 m**3/s, whereas at a location 2 km more distal an hourly discharge of 80 m**3/s and at least 2 days of discharge above 40 m**3/s are necessary. Furthermore, we observe a better correlation between layer thickness and flood amplitude in the depocentre than in distal and proximal areas of the basin. Although our results are partly site-specific, the applied dual calibration approach is suitable to precisely decipher flood layer formation processes and, thereby, improve the interpretation of long flood time series from lake sediments.

Upper-Pleistocene terrace deposits in Mediterranean climate: geomorphological and source-rock control on mineral and geochemical signatures (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain)

Mineral and chemical composition of alluvial Upper-Pleistocene deposits from the Alto Guadalquivir Basin (SE Spain) were studied as a tool to identify sedimentary and geomorphological processes controlling its formation. Sediments located upstream, in the north-eastern sector of the basin, are rich in dolomite, illite, MgO and KB2BO. Downstream, sediments at the sequence base are enriched in calcite, smectite and CaO, whereas the upper sediments have similar features to those from upstream. Elevated rare-earth elements (REE) values can be related to low carbonate content in the sediments and the increase of silicate material produced and concentrated during soil formation processes in the neighbouring source areas. Two mineralogical and geochemical signatures related to different sediment source areas were identified. Basal levels were deposited during a predominantly erosive initial stage, and are mainly composed of calcite and smectite materials enriched in REE coming from Neogene marls and limestones. Then the deposition of the upper levels of the alluvial sequences, made of dolomite and illitic materials depleted in REE coming from the surrounding Sierra de Cazorla area took place during a less erosive later stage of the fluvial system. Such modification was responsible of the change in the mineralogical and geochemical composition of the alluvial sediments.

The Neolithic of El Niño cave (Ayna, Albacete) in the Sierra del Segura context

Since its excavation in the summer of 1973, El Niño cave has been considered a key site to understand the process of production economy and pottery technology introduction in South-eastern Iberian Peninsula, and especially to approach how such process could have affected people already settled in the Segura mountains. However, data from El Niño cave was very fragmentary, due to the lack of a broad study of Neolithic occupations of the site. In this paper, we present the analysis of pottery, lithic industry and faunal remains, as well as the existing dates from the site´s Holocene levels. The review of different evidence from the site allows suggesting that El Niño cave would have probably acted as a hunting and shepherding station, being a logistical site of larger places. However, limitations due to the fact that we are dealing with a 40- year-old excavation, prevent specifying how the process of Neolithic introduction in the Segura Mountains occurred.

Notas lexicográficas: extensión semántica de algunos derivados en -τρον y -θρον

Cuatro derivados en -τρον y -θρον se refieren no a un objeto, sino a una persona. Analizo κύκηθρον y τάρακτρον, con especial atención al pasaje de la Paz de Aristófanes, y λαίμαστρον y el plural νώβυστρα, documentados en Herodas.

Посланието на патриарх Фотий до българския княз Борис-Михаил и неговият славянски превод

Статията разглежда славянския превод на Посланието на патриарх Фотий до българския княз Борис- Михаил, запазен само в руски преписи от началото на XVI до началото на XX в. Специално внимание се отделя на езика на славянския превод (правопис, морфосинтаксис, лексика и словообразуване), чрез който става възможно датирането на превода, тъй като липсват всякакви други (литературни, исторически, палеографски, кодикологични) сведения за това. Изследването на езика позволява пре- водът да се отнесе към книжовната продукция на XIV в. и по-точно към школата на Евтимий Търновски. Причината за появата на славянския превод на Фотиевия трактат трябва да се търси в основното послание на съчинението – запазване устоите на християнската вяра и въплъщаването й в държавното управление.