Violência otélica: a agressão masculina nas relações conjugais

Este trabalho versa sobre violência nas relações conjugais e afetivas; mais precisamente, sobre os episódios em que o agressor é o homem e a vítima de agressão é a mulher. O foco principal de nossa discussão é a motivação das agressões sob o ponto de vista dos homens envolvidos neste tipo de episódio. Nossa análise se concentra nos inquéritos policiais qualificados como violência doméstica, instaurados após a promulgação da Lei Maria da Penha. Buscou-se explicitar os fatores sociais envolvidos na construção da lógica que orienta a ação do agressor. Constatou-se inicialmente que há uma inadequação nos termos comumente utilizados para designar as agressões praticadas pelos maridos e namorados contra suas esposas e namoradas, o que limita a compreensão da real dimensão do problema. Os resultados sugerem que a violência tem uma racionalidade que é dada pela sua relação com a tradição; e esta por sua vez, introjetada e reproduzida como conhecimento de senso comum, funciona como um recurso de linguagem através do qual os códigos informais que servem de parâmetro para a vida conjugal são constantemente reafirmados. Constatou-se que há uma relação de complementaridade entre aquele pratica e aquela que sofre a agressão, principalmente nos casos em que a violência se instala como uma prática rotineira; verificou-se também que as agressões do cônjuge masculino sobre o cônjuge feminino estão quase sempre relacionadas a valores e papéis tradicionalmente consagrados tais como: suspeita de infidelidade conjugal, hierarquias domésticas e espaços sociais.

Transmissão intrafamiliar do HTLV: investigação sorológica em familiares de pacientes acompanhados no ambulatório do Núcleo de Medicina Tropical da UFPA

O Vírus Linfotrópico Humano de Células T é um oncoretrovírus responsável por doenças linfoproliferativas, inflamatórias, degenerativas do Sistema Nervoso Central e por algumas alterações imunológicas do ser humano. Embora tenha associações com várias outras patologias, a Paraparesia Espástica Tropical ou Mielopatia Associada ao HTLV (PET/MAH), doença progressiva e incapacitante do Sistema Nervoso, e a Leucemia/Linfoma de Células T do Adulto (LLcTA), doença linfoproliferativa maligna e letal, são os principais agravos consistentemente definidos como provocados pelo HTLV-1. A propagação do vírus acontece de forma silenciosa, especialmente de mãe para filhos e pela via sexual. No Brasil, onde existem regiões de alta prevalência, ainda são escassas informações oficiais sobre essa transmissão. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o Vírus Linfotrópico Humano de Células T – tipos 1 e 2 (HTLV-1/2) entre familiares de portadores confirmados do vírus, matriculados no ambulatório do Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT), para estudar as características da transmissão do HTLV nos grupos familiares da região metropolitana de Belém do Pará. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, de base ambulatorial, envolvendo 82 pacientes matriculados no NMT e seus respectivos familiares, os quais foram submetidos à pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HTLV-1/2, utilizando-se o teste de ELISA (Ortho Diagnostic System Inc., US), no período entre junho de 2007 e novembro de 2009. A Soroprevalência da infecção pelo HTLV-1/2 foi observada em 40,2 % (33/82) das famílias e 24,0 % (50/208) no total de familiares pesquisados. A transmissão de mãe para filho(a) ocorreu em 23,2 % (19/82) das famílias, com taxas de soropositividade de 22,4 % (17/76) para filhas e 15,2 % (7/46) para filhos (p > 0.05). A transmissão sexual provável ocorreu em 25,6 % (21/82) das famílias e em 42,0 % (21/50) dos casais, com taxas de soropositividade de esposas e maridos de 53,1 % (18/34) e 18,8 % (3/16), respectivamente (p < 0.05). Não houve diferença significativa de soroprevalência entre familiares de portadores sintomáticos e assintomáticos e entre HTLV-1 e HTLV-2. Conclui-se que existe agregação da infecção nas famílias investigadas e que os dados obtidos estão em acordo com os previamente relatados na literatura. Os serviços de atendimento precisam realizar, rotineiramente, a educação dos indivíduos portadores de HTLV e manter ativas as medidas de controle dos comunicantes familiares, para evitar a propagação do vírus principalmente através do contacto sexual e amamentação.

A violência desnuda: justiça penal e pistolagem no Pará

Esta tese analisa a prática violenta da pistolagem no Estado do Pará e discute a seletividade da justiça penal paraense em face de tais conflitos que culminam sempre com a eliminação física das vítimas ou resultam na vida em suspenso dos “jurados para morrer”, pessoas envolvidas com a questão da terra no Pará (agentes de pastorais, esposas e filhos de lideranças rurais assassinadas, entre outros) e que sofrem constantes ameaças de morte por parte de fazendeiros, grileiros, madeireiros e pistoleiros. Desenvolve-se a partir de duas grandes “frentes de trabalho”: a primeira lança luzes sobre a violência embutida na pistolagem, para daí compreender de que modo as relações sociais entre pistoleiros, mandantes, intermediários e vítimas dão vida à prática dos crimes de mando; a segunda, por seu turno, consiste em discutir a seletividade das agências de poder envolvidas no processo de criminalização dos estratos sociais mais débeis, de um lado, e imunização das ações delituosas dos segmentos mais poderosos da sociedade, de outro. Essa segunda frente de trabalho procura explicar a impunidade nos assassinatos sob encomenda promovida pelo sistema penal paraense, aqui entendido como um conjunto de agências de poder, tais como a Polícia Civil, o Ministério Público e o Poder Judiciário.

Hibridismo cultural: o imaginário europeu na construção da sexualidade feminina do primeiro século de colonização brasileira

The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the conceptions of sexuality and female sexual behavior and conduct, formed from the merger of information and securities purchased under the eyes, rules and guidelines established relations with the Holy Office during his visit to Inquisitorial Brazil in the late sixteenth century. It is a survey of historical methodology in which we used as the exploratory research and literature. In the sixteenth century the Church increases the pressure to change the sexual mores that were free in the Middle Ages, a fact which influences the rules and regulations that are adopted by the Holy Office regarding the person's sex life. The first structure was based on Brazilian sexual alliance between Indians and settlers, which led to sugar, by the Portuguese, the customs of the land, which included sexual practices free since the Indians were out of Christian influence. Supported by the absence of white women, the settlers took them wives of the earth, usually more than one, creating conflict with the Jesuits who condemned Indian polygamy. In this context, in 1591, landed on Brazilian soil Heitor Furtado de Mendonca, and with it, the First Visitation of the Holy Office to investigate, arguing, exploring feelings and behaviors, to discover the true facts, finally, to demonstrate the errors Faith and punish them with the rigor of ecclesiastical law. His passing opens us to visualize traces of sexuality in the current "Tropic" a racist, misogynist world where black women and degraded land could be subject to the wishes of the white man, with whom he could mate at will. Alone and forgotten, women have not found the colony margin to denounce or to speak and were stigmatized by the look of travelers and writers have been through here.

Outlook Club of Rock Hill Records - Accession 210

Organized in 1904 as the Monday Afternoon Club and later the Monday Club, it became the Outlook Club in 1916. The original purpose of the book club (later the interests of the club were literary, social, and philanthropic) was to affect a better relationship between the wives of the Winthrop College faculty, and the women of Rock Hill, SC. The club was federated by the South Carolina Federation of Women’s Clubs in 1907 and the General Federation of Women’s Clubs in 1933. Minutes, reports, correspondence, financial records, program notes, newspaper clippings, membership records, publications, constitutions and bylaws, historical data, yearbooks, bulletins, convention records, magazines, catalogs, memorabilia, and a scrapbook. The records provide information, not only on the club but also on other subjects, including the General Federation of Women’s Clubs, the South Carolina Federation of Women’s Clubs, the role of women’s clubs during World War II, and the relationship between the wives of Winthrop College faculty and the women in the Rock Hill community.

Psychosexual Perspectives of the Husbands of Women Treated With an Elective Hysterectomy

The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosexual perspectives of a group of Brazilian men whose wives underwent an elective hysterectomy. A qualitative design based on the narrative analysis method was used to interview 22 husbands. Results showed similarities and differences among husbands regarding the support provided to their wives, the notion of sexual absence in the postsurgical period, the notion of sexual pleasure after the hysterectomy, and feelings regarding the impossibility of having children. The authors conclude that personal care requirements should be identified and satisfied to provide comprehensive and meaningful care.

„They can be responsible leaders, they can also be housewives…“: ein Mädcheninternat in Nordghana /// Arbeitspapiere / Institut für Ethnologie und Afrikastudien ; 104

Diese Arbeit analysiert, welche Erziehungsziele ein gymnasiales Mädcheninternat in der Upper West Region in Ghana verfolgt und wie diese Erziehungsziele im Schulalltag praktisch umsetzt werden. Angeregt durch das Goffmansche Konzept der „totalen Institution“ untersucht die Arbeit den umfassenden Einfluss der katholischen Internatsschule auf die Schülerinnen, die mit dem Eintritt in die Schule ihre dörfliche Herkunftswelt verlassen und ein Übergangsstadium durchlaufen. Die Schülerinnen werden nicht nur im Unterricht erzogen, sondern der gesamte Schulalltag wird von Regeln bestimmt, die aus den Schülerinnen gute Staatsbürgerinnen machen sollen. Dabei entwickelte sich die 1959 gegründete St. Francis Girls’ Secondary School im Lauf der Zeit von einer Institution, die vor allem christliche Haus- und Ehefrauen produzieren wollte, zu einer Schule, die die Mädchen auch akademisch gut ausbilden will und ihnen vermittelt, dass sie künftig zu einer „Elite“ gehören werden. Dass der Einfluss des Internats aber weder „total“ ist, noch die Schülerinnen passiv sind, zeigt sich daran, dass die Schülerinnen zum einen die Schulregeln nicht immer befolgen und sich zum anderen auch gegenseitig, und dies nicht immer im Sinne der Regeln, disziplinieren.

Nothing ever ends: il concetto di fine negli universi seriali

L'oggetto principale di questa tesi è il concetto di fine negli universi seriali. Spesso si intende il “The End” in un romanzo o in un film come un momento climatico, e che i finali sono collegati ad una teleologia che guida il testo nel suo insieme. Come risultato di questo modo di approcciare i finale, una delle opinioni più comuni è simile a quella di Henry James [1884] che diceva: “distribution at the last of prizes, pensions, husbands, wives, babies, millions, appended paragraph, and cheerful remarks”. Ma è molto difficile applicare la posizione di James a un romanzo modernista o a un film postmoderno e ancor ameno ai cosiddetti universi narrativi seriali, in cui la storia si sviluppa lungo decenni. Nel nostro contemporaneo panorama mediale, il testo non è più concepito come un'opera, ma deve essere costruito e concepito come un network, un ecosistema in cui nuove connessioni economiche e nuove relazioni bottom-up modellano una struttura inedita. Questa nuova struttura può riconfigurare il senso del finale e della fine, ma anche per le vast narratives spesso si dice che “Il finale non corrispondeva alla spirito della storia”, “il finale era deludente”. Potremmo sostenere che il concetto di finale sia ancora importante, nonostante sia stato superato dal punto di vista teorico. Per analizzare se il finale è costruito in un maniera non-lineare ma percepito come teleologico, la tesi è strutturata in due parti e di quattro capitoli. Prima parte “Storia” [1. Letteratura; 2. Cinema], seconda “Forme/strutture” [3. Transmedia; 4. Remix]

Understanding Recent Developments in the Turkish Labor Market: Empirical Essays with a Gender Focus

This dissertation comprises three essays on the Turkish labor market. The first essay characterizes the distinctive characteristics of the Turkish labor market with the aim of understanding the factors lying behind its long-standing poor performance relative to its European counterparts. The analysis is based on a cross-country comparison among selected European Union countries. Among all the indicators of labor market flexibility, non-wage cost rigidities are regarded as one of the most important factors in slowing down employment creation in Turkey. The second essay focuses on an employment subsidy policy which introduces a reduction in non-wage costs through social security premium incentives granted to women and young men. Exploiting a difference-in-difference-in differences strategy, I evaluate the effectiveness of this policy in creating employment for the target group. The results, net of the recent crisis effect, suggest that the policy accounts for a 1.4% to 1.6% increase in the probability of being hired for women aged 30 to 34 above men of the same age group in the periods shortly after the announcement of the policy. In the third essay of the dissertation, I analyze the labor supply response of married women to their husbands' job losses (AWE). I empirically test the hypothesis of added worker effect for the global economic crisis of 2008 by relying on the Turkey context. Identification is achieved by exploiting the exogenous variation in the output of male-dominated sectors hard-hit by the crisis and the gender-segmentation that characterizes the Turkish labor market. Findings based on the instrumental variable approach suggest that the added worker effect explains up to 64% of the observed increase in female labor force participation in Turkey. The size of the effect depends on how long it takes for wives to adjust their labor supply to their husbands' job losses.

Public Drinking in the Early Modern World: Voices from the Tavern, 1500-1800

Until recently the role of the public drinking house has been approached from elitist, folkloric and anecdotal perspectives. The work of a new generation of social historians, however, has raised the tavern’s profile in the academic consciousness and confirmed its position within the mainstream of social and cultural history. It is now recognized that an understanding of the centrality of public drinking to the development of both elite and popular culture is vital to studies of social behaviour. The study of taverns has also been at the forefront of emerging interest in the history of consumption and material culture, and has contributed to a richer understanding of economic history. Constructions of gender and identity are also visible through research into the patterns of behaviour and discourse in and around the public house. This four-volume reset edition presents a wide-ranging collection of primary sources which uncover the language and behaviour of local and state authorities, of peasants and town-dwellers, and of drinking companions and irate wives. The documents are translated and set in their social and historical context, providing a multidisciplinary collection that will be of great importance to scholars of all areas of social and cultural history of the early modern period. The vast majority of this material is published here for the first time, ensuring that the collection will open up new avenues of research. Volume 1 draws heavily from the Parisian police archives and includes inspectors’ reports, complaints by the general public and details of court cases to build a picture of drinking in early modern France. Volumes 2 and 3 address public drinking in the Holy Roman Empire through a variety of chronicles, civic ordinances, court records, travel reports and surveys of public houses. Volume 4 locates taverns within a broader analysis of America’s public houses, drawing on visual material as well as journal entries, business reports and newspaper articles. Each volume is accompanied by editorial introductions and is annotated to provide readers with a high-quality resource of scholarly material.

Towards a Variety of Family Models: Economic Contributions of Spouses and Family Power

In Western societies the increase in female employment (especially among married women) is seen as having brought about the crisis of the traditional model of the family, reinforcing the position of the "modern" model - the egalitarian family with two working spouses and a "dual-career" family. In contrast, the transitional situation in the post-communist countries during the 1990s is producing a crisis of the family with two working spouses (the basic type of the communist period) and leading to new power relations within the family. While the growth of dual-earner households in this century has implied modification of family models towards greater symmetry of responsibility for breadwinning and homemaking, there is considerable evidence that women's increased employment does not necessarily lead to a more egalitarian approach to gender roles within the family. The group set out to investigate the economic situation of families and economic power within the fame as a crucial factor in the transformation of families with two working spouses in order to reveal the specific patterns of gender contracts and power relations within the family that are emerging in response to the current political and economic transformation. They opted for a comparative approach, selecting the Czech Republic as a country where the very similar tendencies of a few years ago (almost 100% of women employed and the family as a realm of considerable private freedom where both women's and men's gender identities and the traditional distribution of family responsibilities were largely preserved) are combined with a very different experience in terms of economic inequalities during the 1990s to that of Russia. In the first stage of the study they surveyed 300 married couples (150 in each country) on the question of breadwinning. They then carried out in-depth interviews with 10 couples from each country (selected from among the educated layers of the population), focusing on the process of the social construction of gender, using breadwinning and homemaking as gender boundaries which distinguish men from women. By analysing changes in social position and the type of interpersonal interaction of spouses they distinguished two main types of family contracts: the neo-traditional "communal sharing" (with male breadwinner, traditional distribution of family chores and negotiated family power) and the modern one based on negotiated agreement. The most important pre-conditions of husband-wife agreement about breadwinning seemed to imply their overall gender ideology rather than the economic and/or family circumstances. In general, wives were more likely to express egalitarian views, supporting the blurring or even elimination of many gender boundaries. Husbands, on the other hand, more often gave responses calling for the continued maintenance of gender boundaries. The analysis showed that breadwinning is still an important gender boundary in these cultures, one that is assumed unless it is explicitly questioned and that is seen as part of what makes a man a "real man". The majority of respondents seemed to be committed to egalitarian ideology on gender roles and the distribution of family tasks, including decision making, but this is contradicted by the persistent idea of the husband as the breadwinner. This contradiction is more characteristic of the Russian situation than of the Czech. The quantitative study showed a difference in prevailing family models between the two countries, with a clearer shift towards the traditional family contract in the Russian case. The Czechs were more likely to consider their partnerships as based on negotiated agreement, while the Russians saw theirs as based on egalitarian contract, in both cases seeing this as the norm. The majority of couples said they felt satisfied with their marriage, although in both countries wives seemed to be less satisfied. There was however a difference in the issues that aroused dissatisfaction, with Czech women being more sensitive to issues such as self-realisation, personal independence, understanding and recognition in the family, and Russians to issues of love, understanding and recognition. The most disputed area for the majority of families was chores in the home, presumably because in many families both husband and wife were working hard outside the home and because a number of partners had differing views as to the ideal distribution of chores within the family. The distribution of power in the family seems to be linked to the level of well being. The analysis showed that in the dominant democratic model there is still an inverse connection between family leadership and well being: the more prominent the wife's position as head of the family is, the lower the level of family income. This may reflect both the husband's refusal to play the leading role in the family and even his rejection of any involvement in family issues in such a family. The qualitative research revealed that both men and women see the breadwinning role to be an essential part of masculine identity, a role which the female partner would take on temporarily to assist the male but not permanently since this would threaten the gender boundaries and the man's identity. At the same time, few breadwinners expressed a sense of job satisfaction and all considered their choice as imposed on them by the circumstances (i.e. having a family in difficult times). The group feel that family orientation and some loss of personal involvement in their profession is partly reflected in the fact that many of the men felt more comfortable and self-confident at home than at work. Women's work, on the other hand, was largely seen as a source of personal and self-realisation and social life. Eight out of ten of the Russian women interviewed were employed, although only two on a full-time basis, but none saw their jobs as adding substantially to the family budget. Both partners see the most important factor as the wife's wish to work or stay at home, and do not think it wise for the wife to work at the expense of her part of the "family contract", although husbands from the "egalitarian" relationships expressed more willingness to compromise. The analysis showed clearly that wives and husbands did not construct gender boundaries in isolation, with the interviews providing clear evidence of negotiation. At the same time, husbands' interpretations of their wives' employment were less susceptible to the influence of negotiation than were their gender attitudes and norms about breadwinning. One of the most interesting aspects of the spouses' negotiations was the extent to which they disagreed about what they seemed to have agreed upon. Most disagreements about the breadwinning boundaries, however, were over norms and were settled by changes in norms rather than in behavioural interpretation. Changes in norms were often a form of peace offering or were in response in changes in circumstances. The study did show, however, that many of the efforts at cooperation and compensation were more symbolic than real and the group found the plasticity of expressed gender ideology to be one of the most striking findings of their work. They conclude that the shift towards more traditional gednder distributions of incomes and domestic chores does not automatically mean the reestablishment of a patriarchal model of family power. On the contrary, it seems to be a compromise formation, relatively unstable, temporary and containing self-defeating forces as the split between the personal and professional value of work and its social value expressed in a money equivalent cannot be maintained for generations.

Flash in the Pan: Cross-Class Cooperation in 1916 Iron Range Strike

In the Iron Range Strike of 1916, working-class wives picketed alongside their husbands in a conflict-ridden and dangerous setting. Mine deputies abused immigrant women on the picket lines and in their homes, with several disquieting reports receiving statewide attention in Minnesota. Many middle-class reformers in the Twin Cities grew sympathetic to the plight of northern mining families and became controversially involved the labor struggle. Some middleclass women worked alongside working-class wives and radical organizers from the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). At the center of this gendered analysis is the cross-class cooperation between an upper-middle class woman, Lenora Austin Hamlin, a radical reformer, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, and the story of a working-class housewife, Mikla Masonovich. This study will ask how authentic, prevalent, and unproblematic their stories of cross-class cohesive action actually were. In answering this, it will address and identify those factors that impeded women’s potential for unity. “Flash in the Pan” argues that as a result of both real and perceived differences, these networks of women remained isolated, inhibiting each from gaining sufficient power to work cohesively, and marginalizing their influence. Drawing upon a variety of sources, including media representations in newspapers, and archives of social, labor and women’s organizations, this regional study lends state-level insight into the larger gender-labor historiography.

The Role of Fraternal Organisation in Migration and Informal Labour Organisations in Mining Communities: Cornwall, the Keweenaw, and California Compared

During the second half of the nineteenth century fraternal and benevolent associations of numerous descriptions grew and prospered in mining communities everywhere. They played an important, but neglected role, in assisting transatlantic migration and movement between mining districts as well as building social capital within emerging mining communities. They helped to build bridges between different ethnic communities, provided conduits between labour and management, and networked miners into the non-mining community. Their influence spread beyond the adult males that made up most of their membership to their wives and families and provided levels of social and economic support otherwise unobtainable at that time. Of course, the influence of these organisations could also be divisive where certain groups or religions were excluded and they may have worked to exacerbate, as much as ameliorate, the problems of community development. This paper will examine some of these issues by looking particularly at the role of Freemasonry and Oddfellowry in Cornwall, Calumet, and Nevada City between 1860 and 1900. Work on fraternity in the Keweenaw was undertaken in Houghton some years ago with a grant from the Copper Country Archive and has since been continued by privately funded research in California and other Western mining states. Some British aspects of this research can be found in my article on mining industrial relations in Labour History Review April 2006

Gender on the Range: Feminine Strategies in the 1913 Michigan Copper Strike

In the autumn of 1913, a small, remote Michigan mining community attracted national attention as miners and management found themselves embroiled in a conflict that would prove no easy victory for either side. The strike came as a shock to management, who, with the help of a nearly perfected paternal system, had come to expect a generally docile and compliant workforce. But what was even more shocking was the involvement of the miners’ wives in the strike effort, and the lengths they went to in order to keep men from crossing the picket line. This paper focuses on that effort, arguing that the women of the Michigan copper country developed strike strategies that were derived from their domestic experience, and justified their involvement through maternal arguments. However, these public actions allowed the management to disregard the respect and courtesy generally given to the domestic sphere as police and private agents perpetrated a number of home invasions in an attempt to break the strike. The involvement of women in male dominated labor disputes (mining, steel productions) has been largely ignored in the literature due to their indirect connection to the company as wives and not workers. This paper seeks to remedy this gap, and gain a better understanding of that indirect relationship. Sources include newspaper articles, private correspondence, public investigation records, and oral histories, found largely in the Michigan Tech Archives and Copper Country Historical Collections, Michigan Technological University, Michigan.

The Amplifier - v. 1, no. 2

In this issue...Baker Oil Tool Co., Golf Team, Coed Club, Student Wives, Butte High Band, AFROTC, Whiskey Gulch, M-Club, Montana State University, Debate Team