Estudi i implantació del sistema Lean Manufacturing a una empresa convencional del sector de l'automòbil, per incrementar la competitivitat

El projecte es planteja la implantació de la metodologia LEAN en una de les plantes de producció d’una empresa del sector de la indústria de l’automòbil per aconseguir millorar la seva competitivitat. El projecte engloba l’anàlisi de les cadenes de valor de quatre dels productes més significatius que es fabriquen actualment a la planta, mitjançant la metodologia Value Stream Map (VSM), així com el desenvolupament de noves propostes per la millora de cadascuna de les cadenes

The integration of proteomics and systems approaches to map regulatory mechanisms underpinning platelet function.

Platelets in the circulation are triggered by vascular damage to activate, aggregate and form a thrombus that prevents excessive blood loss. Platelet activation is stringently regulated by intracellular signalling cascades, which when activated inappropriately lead to myocardial infarction and stroke. Strategies to address platelet dysfunction have included proteomics approaches which have lead to the discovery of a number of novel regulatory proteins of potential therapeutic value. Global analysis of platelet proteomes may enhance the outcome of these studies by arranging this information in a contextual manner that recapitulates established signalling complexes and predicts novel regulatory processes. Platelet signalling networks have already begun to be exploited with interrogation of protein datasets using in silico methodologies that locate functionally feasible protein clusters for subsequent biochemical validation. Characterization of these biological systems through analysis of spatial and temporal organization of component proteins is developing alongside advances in the proteomics field. This focused review highlights advances in platelet proteomics data mining approaches that complement the emerging systems biology field. We have also highlighted nucleated cell types as key examples that can inform platelet research. Therapeutic translation of these modern approaches to understanding platelet regulatory mechanisms will enable the development of novel anti-thrombotic strategies.

The persistence of distance: a gravity model of European cross-border real estate development flows

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the scale and drivers of cross-border real estate development in Western Europe and Central and Eastern Europe. Design/methodology/approach – Placing cross-border real estate development within the framework of foreign direct investment (FDI), conceptual complexities in characterizing the notional real estate developer are emphasized. Drawing upon a transaction database, this paper proxies cross-border real estate development flows with asset sales by developers. Findings – Much higher levels of market penetration by international real estate developers are found in the less mature markets of Central and Eastern Europe. Analysis suggests a complex range of determinants with physical distance remaining a consistent barrier to cross-border development flows. Originality/value – This analysis adds significant value in terms of understanding cross-border real estate development flows. In this study, a detailed examination of the issues based on a rigorous empirical analysis through gravity modelling is offered. The gravity framework is one of the most confirmed empirical regularities in international economics and commonly applied to trade, FDI, migration, foreign portfolio investment inter alia. This paper assesses the extent to which it provides useful insights into the pattern of cross-border real estate development flows.

Effect of Ti-C and Cr Additions on Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline (Pr,Nd)-Fe-B Alloys

The addition of both Ti-C and Cr as grain refiners in Nd-Fe-B nanocomposites substantially increases the coercive field Hc. This motived our investigation of the effect of Ti-C and Cr on Pr-Fe-B nanocomposites. Melt-spun ribbons of composition (Pr(9.5)Fe(84.5)B(6))(0.97-x)Cr(x)(TiC)(0.03)(x = 0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1) and (Nd(9.5)Fe(84.5)B(6))(0.97-x)Cr(x)(TiC)(0.03)(x = 0.5 and 1) were produced for study. For a Pr nanocomposite with 1% Cr, Hc = 12.5 kOe. However, the energy product was limited to 13.6 MGOe by the remanence value. Rietveld analysis of X-ray spectra showed the ribbons to consist of predominantly hard (similar to 70 wt%) R(2)Fe(14)B, the soft phase being (similar to 30 wt%) alpha-Fe. Mossbauer measurements at 300 K are consistent with a reduced hyperfine field for the hard magnetic phase due to the Cr addition. Analysis of transmission electron microscopy images showed the Pr nanocomposite with 1% Cr to have an increased average grain size.

Simultaneous determination of As, Cu, Mn, Sb, and Se in drinking water by GFAAS with transversely heated graphite atomizer and longitudinal zeeman-effect background correction

A method has been developed for the direct and simultaneous determination of As, Cu, Mn, Sb, and Se in drinking water by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) using a transversely heated graphite tube atomizer (THGA) with longitudinal Zeeman-effect background correction. The thermal behavior of analytes during the pyrolysis and atomization stages was investigated in 0.028 mol L-1 HNO3, 0.14 mol L-1 HNO3 and 1 + 1 (v/v) diluted water using mixtures of Pd(NO3)2 + Mg(NO3)2 as the chemical modifier. With 5 μg Pd + 3 μg Mg as the modifier, the pyrolysis and atomization temperatures of the heating program of the atomizer were fixed at 1400°C and 2100°C, respectively, and 20 μL of the water sample (sample + 0.28 mol L-1 HNO3, 1 + 1, v/v), dispensed into the graphite tube, analytical curves were established ranging from 5.00 -50.0 μg L-1 for As, Sb, Se; 10.0 - 100 μg L-1 for Cu; and 20.0 - 200 μg L-1 for Mn. The characteristic masses were around 39 pg As, 17 pg Cu, 60 pg Mn, 43 pg Sb, and 45 pg Se, and the lifetime of the tube was around 500 firings. The limits of detection (LOD) based on integrated absorbance (0.7 μg L-1 As, 0.2 μg L-1 Cu, 0.6 μg L-1 Mn, 0.3 μg L-1 Sb, 0.9 μg L-1 Se) exceeded the requirements of the Brazilian Food Regulations (decree # 310-ANVS from the Health Department), which established the maximum permissible level for As, Cu, Mn, Sb, and Se at 50 μg L-1, 1000 μg L-1, 2000 μg L-1, 5 μg L-1, and 50 μg L-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n = 12) were typically < 5.3% for As, < 0.5% for Cu, < 2.1% for Mn, < 11.7% for Sb, and < 9.2% for Se. The recoveries of As, Cu, Mn, Sb, and Se added to the mineral water samples varied from 102-111%, 91-107%, 92-109%, 89-97%, and 101-109%, respectively. Accuracy for the determination of As, Cu, Mn, Sb, and Se was checked using standard reference materials NIST SRM 1640 - Trace Elements in Natural Water, NIST SRM 1643d - Trace Elements in Water, and 10 mineral water samples. A paired t-test showed that the results were in agreement with the certified values of the standard reference materials at the 95% confidence level.

O uso do pool de plasma caseiro interfere no valor da rni?

Introduction: The prothrombin time (PT) test is commonly used to monitor anticoagulant levels in patients undergoing oral anticoagulant therapy. Currently, anticoagulation levels have been assessed through the international normalized ratio (INR) value. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if inhouse preparations of polled plasma, containing five (P5) and 20 (P20) samples, respectively, may be used as normal control of PT and to assess its interference in INR values. Material and methods: The experiment was performed in 32 days. Both polled plasma preparations were analyzed in comparison with a commercial control (PC). PT was performed for PC, P5 and P20 daily and the INR value for PC, P5 and P20 was assessed in patients undergoing oral anticoagulant therapy. The applied statistical tools were mean value (X), analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results: There were no statiscally significant differences in PT and INR for PC, P5 and P20. Conclusion: In-house polled plasma (P5 and P20) may be applied as normal control of PT and it does not interfere in the INR value.

Eigenvalue analyses for non-transposed three-phase transmission line considering non-implicit ground wires

This paper presents a method for analyzing electromagnetic transients using real transformation matrices in three-phase systems considering the presence of ground wires. So, for the Z and Y matrices that represent the transmission line, the characteristics of ground wires are not implied in the values related to the phases. A first approach uses a real transformation matrix for the entire frequency range considered in this case. This transformation matrix is an approximation to the exact transformation matrix. For those elements related to the phases of the considered system, the transformation matrix is composed of the elements of Clarke's matrix. In part related to the ground wires, the elements of the transformation matrix must establish a relationship with the elements of the phases considering the establishment of a single homopolar reference in the mode domain. In the case of three-phase lines with the presence of two ground wires, it is unable to get the full diagonalization of the matrices Z and Y in the mode domain. This leads to the second proposal for the composition of real transformation matrix: obtain such transformation matrix from the multiplication of two real and constant matrices. In this case, the inclusion of a second matrix had the objective to minimize errors from the first proposal for the composition of the transformation matrix mentioned. © 2012 IEEE.

A produção enxuta em um sistema de fabricação contínuo: aplicação da simulação discreta estocástica na indústria de condutores elétricos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fluxo contínuo: ferramenta do Sistema de Produção Enxuta aplicado ao processo de produção de estacas pré-moldadas de concreto para fundações

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a aplicação do fluxo contínuo na produção de estacas pré-moldadas de concreto para fundação, com base no Sistema de Produção Enxuta. Princípios que regem a Produção Enxuta, eliminação de desperdícios e o mapeamento do fluxo de valor em uma situação real foram utilizados para a obtenção de resultados dessa aplicação, evidenciando uma transformação enxuta, com expressivas reduções dos desperdícios gerados no processo puxado de produção das estacas. O período da pesquisa foi de 8 meses em uma empresa de caráter privado, onde por meio da utilização de ferramentas desse sistema e a metodologia da pesquisa-ação, foi possível identificar o processo crítico – serralheria – para onde se concentraram as ações de melhoria, com a mudança de leiaute, redução de desperdícios e criação de uma célula de produção, favorecendo a aplicação do fluxo contínuo nesta cadeia produtiva. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foram realizados treinamentos in loco com os futuros operadores da célula da serralheria, os quais participavam ativamente na promoção de melhorias. O resultado da implementação do fluxo contínuo é o seqüenciamento da produção por meio de leiaute celular e supermercados sincronizando à cadeia produtiva. A determinação do takt time de 14 minutos, o dimensionamento do pichi e o novo leiaute para a célula, permitiram reduções de 80% de movimentação no chão de fábrica, 15% de ganhos totais de área, diminuição de 66,5% de deslocamentos na serralheria. Essas mudanças beneficiaram as outras duas etapas do processo (ferragem e concretagem), também na redução de desperdícios com movimentações e, diante do contexto das melhorias, foi possível identificar os ganhos quanto aos custos operacionais. Como conseqüência, obteve-se um fluxo de informação claro através dos supermercados dentro da célula de produção, o estabelecimento de um fluxo de material e pessoas sem interrupções, favorecendo a implementação do fluxo contínuo. Contudo, criar o fluxo contínuo na produção de estacas pré-moldadas de concreto, em uma empresa privada, depende de fatores organizacionais quanto ao estilo gerencial, comprometimento e delegações de poderes, uma vez que a interrupção imediata do processo produtivo na ocorrência de problemas, somente tornou-se possível mediante intervenção da gerência geral, o que dificultou o prosseguimento das melhorias na linha de produção quanto aos demais processos.

Análise do Mapa da Cadeia de Valor em um Hospital do Vale do Paraíba

The Lean Thinking is a method used by various industries in order to eliminate waste and ensure quality for the customer. In the current scenario, Lean has been used in other areas such as the hospital in which many tools are being adopted in order to improve its internal processes. One such tool is the Value Stream Mapping, which proved to be an effective tool in industrial environments, and is being adopted by several hospitals. Thus, this paper presents a case study on the use of this tool in a sector of a hospital in the Vale do Paraíba, evaluating its importance, its impacts, positive and negative points and future projections. This is in the context of Lean Healthcare, a new model based on the principles of Lean Thinking which has been adopted by several hospitals and clinics throughout Brazil successfully

Ferramentas do Lean Manufacturing aplicadas em uma indústria de luminária

Due to globalization, is increasingly common for companies to make their products more competitive. With this background, the industries seek more efficient ways to produce. This paper aims to examine the tools of Lean Manufacturing applied in an industry luminaries ,addressing the positive aspects. Were applied tools like value stream mapping, Kanban, setup reduction and 5S program. With the application of these tools obtained improvements in processes, reducing lead time from factory and reducing the cost of the luminaries

Efeitos da experimentação no cotidiano letivo no ensino médio

In this work, it was studied the effects of the experimentation in the physics teaching. Beginning from the theoretic reference and discussions, the objective was prove the efficiency of researches of this nature related to two main aspects of a class: The aroused interest in the students and the facilitating action on the understanding of the theory. For such objective, using the comparison, it was chosen two distinct classes, but the more similar possible, so that, in one of them, it was showed a tradition class, lectures and in another, a class using experimentation to contemplate the theory. To manage a way to rate these aspects, it was made a conceptual questionnaire, requiring only concepts rather than mathematics and equations, besides specific interviews to rate the opinion of the student related to each method. The observations in classes and of the reactions of the students also were of a big value to analysis. After the experimental class completed, it may analyze and conclude some positive points related to experimental methods: As for the opinion of the students, the approval was big, and the majority opined to this class as being “more interesting”. On the point of view of learning, it had a sensitive improvement of grades, but with more mature answers, deep and autonomous, if looking at a general vision

Redução do tempo de ciclo baseado na produção enxuta em uma rémontagem de tubos de freios e combustível

In today's competitive environment of automakers, it is essential to obtain the highest efficiency of the production process. This paper presents a study in a pre-assembly of brake pipes and fuel of a vehicle where the value stream maps and information (VSM – Value Stream Mapping) were designed in order to improve the process by reducing the Lead Time Production of a product, reducing waste and decrease time between processes. This work can be divided into three stages, the first building the VSM of the initial state, the second VSM of the proposed state and finally the VSM than was actually performed and to present the gains were achieved effectively. The proposed VSM would lead to a gain of 54% in lead time and 61% in processing time, since the VSM implemented had gains of 47% in lead time and 48% in processing time even without major investments as originally proposed. Concluding that even without big investment, using the techniques of lean manufacturing is possible to achieve high levels of process efficiency

Aumento de produtividade em uma célula produtiva com processo de usinagem utilizando conceitos Lean

In the current competitive and global scenario, companies in search for solutions that become the production every time more efficient is increasing and at the same time cost reductions and cost eliminations are becoming increasingly evident and needed. In an attempt to improve production, this work aims to compare benefits obtained using principles of philosophy Lean Manufacturing in an productivity growth of a cell from an auto parts sector industry. For that purpose it will be studied the history, the concepts and the tools of philosophy Lean Manufacturing, thus using the as a business-strategic tool to accomplish goals that the company expects to get greater competitiveness and quality. The efficiency of philosophy Lean Manufacturing was already confirmed through applying the concepts in the process which has been improved inside an auto parts sector industry. At last, comparative analyzes showed benefits obtained with the use of Lean Manufacture tool called VSM, Value Stream Map, which translates the Value Stream Map of a particular family of parts as the identification, minimization and elimination of waste identified