NaCl胁迫对甜高粱幼苗保护酶活性等生理特性的影响

采用不同浓度NaCl溶液(100 mmol/L、200 mmol/L)胁迫处理甜高粱幼苗,测定了叶片中叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量及三种保护酶活性等生理指标。结果表明:100 mmol/L和200 mmol/L处理的甜高粱幼苗质膜相对透性、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量升高;可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量降低;保护酶系统中叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均升高,且在100 mmol/L浓度处理下达到最大,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈先升高再降低趋势。NaCl胁迫对甜高粱幼苗的一些生理特性产生一定影响。

盐和有机物对氨基酸热力学性质的影响-NaCl氨基酸-葡萄糖-水体系

在278.15-318.15范围内，本文测定了以下四个无液接电池的电动势：Pt,H_2(g, 1 atm)|HCl(m)、X Mass% Glucose-H_2O|Ag-AgCl (A) Pt,H_2 (g, 1 atm)|G(m_1), HGCl (m_2), X Mass% Glucose-H_2O|Ag-AgCl (B) Pt,H_2 (g, 1 atm) |HCl (m), NaCl (M-m), X Mass% Glucose-H_2O|Ag-AgCl (C) Pt,H_2 (g, 1 atm)|G(m_1), HGCl (m_2), NaCl (M-m), X Mass% Glucose-H_2O|Ag-AgCl (D) 其中G为中性甘氨酸，NH_3CH_2COO~-, HGClm为甘氨酸的盐酸盐，为相应电解质的质量摩尔浓度，X为葡萄糖在葡萄糖-水混合溶剂中的质量百分数，M为恒定的离子强度且M = 1.0mol/kg。并且测定了Glucose-H_2O的密度和介电常数。利用传统的D-H公式外推法和基于Pitzer理论的多项式逼近法分别确定了电池的标准电动势E°_3、E°_3，以及甘氨酸的一级热力学解离1.0mol/kg）-葡萄糖-水-HCl的HCl无限稀释溶液为参考态，并将两种方法得到的结果作了比较。甘氨酸的一级热力学解离常数符合Harned-Robinson方程：pK = A_1/T + A_2 + A+3 T 本文讨论了盐和有机物对pK_1的影响，并根据前人及我们的工作，指出在极性质子溶剂中和在极性非质子溶剂中的pK_1对1/D作图，分别得到直线和曲线。同时讨论了混合溶剂中甘氨酸的一级解离过程的各个热力学量ΔG°，ΔH°，ΔS°，ΔCp°，并讨论HCl的迁移性质和有机物葡萄糖、盐对它们的影响。最后将不同混合溶剂中甘氨酸解离过程的迁移能，迁移熵等作了比较。

CeCl_3在NaCl溶液中对LC_4铝合金的缓蚀作用

本工作研究了CeCl_3在NaCl溶液中对LC_4铝合金（Al-Zn5.0/7.0-Mg1.3/2.8-Cu1.4/2.0-Cr0.10/0.25)的缓蚀作用。LC_4铝合金在NaCl溶液中腐蚀严重，腐蚀过程中有氢气析出，许多产物沉积在溶液底部，去膜后，光学显微显示，试样表面有很深的腐蚀坑。铝合金表面有很多缺陷，无氧化膜覆盖的铝成为活性中心，在NaCl溶液中做为阳极，铝合金中活性较低的杂质组分（如金属间化合物），突出氧化膜，在NaCl溶液中做为阴极，铝合金表面活性中心交替发生点蚀，腐蚀加重。LC_4铝合金在NaCl溶液中腐蚀的阴极去极化过程是氧的去极化。活性中心铝自溶解析氢，Cl~-在活性中心吸附，促进铝阳极溶解，氧去极化的慢步聚有扩散、吸附、电化学反应，控制步骤是扩散和吸附。LC_4铝合金在CeCl_3+NaCl溶液中腐蚀速度很底，腐蚀过程中极少有氢气极出，去膜后，光学显微显示，试样表面仍很均一，没有点蚀的迹象，Ce(+3)在阴极相表面吸附、沉积，阻碍氧的吸附，抑制阴极氧还原，降低腐蚀速度，铝腐蚀产生的H_2O_2可将Ce(+3)氧化到Ce(+4)，生成CeO_2：2Ce(OH)_3 + H_2O_2 = 2CeO_2 + 4H_2O在阴极相表面，H_2O_2将Ce(+3)氧化到Ce(+4)，消耗H_2O_2，消除H_2O_2对铝腐蚀的加速作用，进一步减慢活性中心铝阳极溶解的速度。LC_4铝合金在LaCl_3+NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速度下降，但局部腐蚀仍较严重，对析氢并无明显影响。La(+3)在阴极相表面吸附、沉积后，阻碍氧的吸附，抑制阴极氧还原，降低腐蚀速度，La(+3)不影响铝腐蚀产生的H_2O_2还原为OH~-的过程，H_2O_2对铝腐蚀的加速作用继续存在，不影响点蚀的孕育、发展，点蚀孔内铝自溶解析氢过程也不会受到影响。

Thermokinetic investigation of effect of temperature on optimum NaCl concentration for petroleum bacterial growth

The power-time curves of growth of three strains of petroleum bacteria at different NaCl concentrations at 40.0 and 50.0 degreesC have been determined by using a 2277 Thermometric Thermal Activity Analyser. An equation of a power-time curve, ln[alphaP(K)/P(t) - 1] = ln[(alphaK - N-0)/N-0] - alphakt, was established based on the generalized logistic equation, where P(t) is the thermal power at time t, K the carrying capacity, P-K = P0K, P-0 the thermal power of one cell, N-0 the bacterial population at time zero, alpha = (k - D)/k. The method of four observed points with the same time interval was used to calculate the value of P-K. The growth rate constant k and the death rate constant D were calculated. The NaCl concentration of optimum growth rate of petroleum bacteria at 40.0 and 50.0 degreesC, respectively, have been obtained according to the curves k - D versus NaCl concentration, which are 0.26, 0.54 and 0.57 mol l(-1) for B-1, B-2 and B-3, respectively, at 50.0 degreesC, 0.26, 0.55 and 0.56 mol l(-1) for B-1, B-2 and B-3, respectively, at 40.0 degreesC. The results indicated that the effect of temperature on NaCl concentration of optimum growth rate was small. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

NaCl对细颗粒泥沙静水絮凝沉降影响初探

泥沙问题是黄河治理的关键，而黄河泥沙主要来源于中游黄土高原强烈的水土流失。在黄土高原，耕地水土流失面积占耕地总面积的71.3%［1］，其中坡耕地土壤流失量可占流域土壤总流失量的60%～70%［2］。水土流失时，土壤中的养分会随径流及侵蚀泥沙迁入水体［3］，使细颗粒泥沙发生絮凝或分散，而流失泥沙中细颗粒泥沙含量又往往高于耕层。细颗粒泥沙的絮凝或分散，对泥沙输移和沉积过程有重要作用，是造成水库、灌溉渠系以及港湾河口淤积的重要原因，也是研究高含沙水流、浑水淤灌，以及设计冲沙模型的基础［4］。同时， 侵蚀径流中细颗粒泥沙的絮凝或分散也会影响表土的导水率，从而影响水土流失量［5，6］。显然，研究细颗粒泥沙的絮凝或分散对揭示土壤侵蚀机理，以及研究泥沙输移、沉积规律具有重要的意义。但以往研究多侧重于咸淡水交界地区的水质和沙样，较少考虑盐度变化对细颗粒泥沙运动的影响［7］。本文拟以天然级配的细颗粒泥沙作为研究对象，探讨不同浓度NaCl对细颗粒泥沙静水絮凝及沉降的影响，以期为有关问题的深入研究提供科学依据。1材料与方法1.1供试材料供试样为耕层（0～20cm）土，风干后过0.1mm筛，装袋备用。实验前测定泥沙吸湿含水量为3.3...

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of cast Mg-Al-RE-Mn Alloys in NaCl solution

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of Mg-6Al-0.4Mn and Mg-6Al-4RE-0.4Mn (RE = Mischmetal) alloys is investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results of corrosion process, polarization behavior, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the alloys reveal that Mg-6Al-4RE-0.4Mn exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance. The addition of RE stabilizes the solid solution and modifies the passive film through a finer microstructure.

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of Mg-5Al-0.4Mn-xNd in NaCl solution

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of Mg-5Al-0.4Mn-xNd (x = 0, 1, 2 and 4 wt.%) alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated. The corrosion behavior of the alloys was assessed by open circuit potential measure, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical results show the intermetallic precipitates with Nd behave as less noble cathodes in micro-galvanic corrosion and suppress the cathodic process. During corrosion, Al2O3 and Nd2O3, in proper ratio, is incorporated into the corrosion film, and enhances the corrosion resistance.

Probing the micellization of diblock and triblock copolymers of poly(L-lactide) and poly(ethylene glycol) in aqueous and NaCl salt solutions

The micelle formation of a series of amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous and NaCl solutions was studied by a fluorescent probe technique using pyrene as a 'model drug'. These copolymers were synthesized from poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and L-lactide by a new calcium ammoniate catalyst. They had fixed PEG block lengths (44, 104 or 113 ethylene oxide units) and various poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) block lengths (15-280 lactide units). The critical micelle concentration (cmc) was found to decrease with increasing PLLA content. The distinct dissimilarity of the cmc values of diblock and triblock copolymers based on the same block length of PEG provided evidence for the different configurations of their micelles. It was also observed that the introduction of NaCl salt significantly contributed to a decrease in the cmcs of the copolymers with short PEG and PLLA blocks, while it had less influence on the cmcs of copolymers with long PEG or PLLA blocks. The dependence of partition coefficients ranging from 0.2x10(5) to 1.9x10(5) on the PLLA content in the copolymer and on the micelle configuration was also discussed.