749 resultados para silagem de girassol
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O presente relatório procura divulgar as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no infantário “O Girassol” e na Escola Básica com Pré-Escolar da Nazaré, práticas desenvolvidas de acordo com o plano de estudos do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, da Universidade da Madeira. Em cada valência procedeu-se à planificação semanal das atividades, desenvolvendo-se posteriormente uma reflexão, com bases teóricas, que procurou fundamentar/esclarecer as intervenções desenvolvidas à luz das teorias atuais de educação e de acordo com as nossas conceções pedagógicas. As práticas iniciaram-se com uma observação participante que nos permitiu verificar/constatar alguns dos problemas/dificuldades das crianças/alunos. Posteriormente à definição das estratégias/metodologias de intervenção, optou-se, na valência de creche, por realizar uma avaliação semanal com o intuito de verificar se o grupo se encontrava a desenvolver/trabalhar as dificuldades/problemas detetados. Já no 1.º Ciclo, procurou-se desmistificar o chavão da avaliação, procedendo-se à verificação dos conhecimentos com o recurso a estratégias lúdico didáticas.
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The mobilization of food reserves in storage tissues and allocation of their hydrolysis products in the growing axis are critical processes for the establishment of seedlings after germination. Therefore, it is crucial for mobilization of reserves to be synchronized with the growing axis, so that photosynthetic activity can be started before depletion of reserves. For this, integrative approaches involving different reserves, different hydrolysis products and interaction between storage and growing axis tissues, either through hormones or metabolites with signaling role, can contribute greatly to the elucidation of the regulation mechanisms for reserve mobilization. In this study, was hypothesized that hormones and metabolites have different actions on reserve mobilization, and there must be a crossed effect of sugars on the mobilization of proteins and amino acids on lipids and starch mobilization in sunflower seedlings. This study was conducted with seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid Helio 253 using in vitro culture system. Seeds were germinated on Germitest® paper and grown on agar-water 4 g/L without addition of nutrients during 9 days after imbibition (DAI) for growth curve. To verify the effect of metabolites and hormones, seedlings were transferred in the 2nd DAI to agar-water 4 g/L supplemented with increasing concentrations of sucrose or L-glutamine, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid or indolebutyric acid. The results of this study confirm that the mobilization of lipids and storage proteins occurs in a coordinated manner during post-germination growth in sunflower, corroborating the hypothesis that the application of external carbon (sucrose) and nitrogen (L-glutamine) sources can delay the mobilization of these reserves in a crossed way. Moreover, considering the changes in the patterns of reserve mobilization and partition of their products in seedlings treated with different growth regulators, it is evident that the effects of metabolites and hormones must involve, at least in part, distinct mechanisms of action
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Oilseeds are a high-value natural resource, due to its use as a substitute for petroleum. However, the storage time can reduce seed viability and oil quality. Therefore, scientific efforts have been made to provide a increment of storage time, germination rates and plant establishment of high-value oilseeds. The seedling establishment depends of the plant pass over the functional transition stage, characterized by a metabolic change from heterotrophic condition to autotrophic one. The storage oil mobilization is performed by β-oxidation process and the glyoxylate cycle. Also, the functional transition involves acclimation to photosynthetic condition, which generally includes the participation of antioxidant system and the reactive oxygen species, the latter are produced in various reactions of primary and secondary metabolism. In the present study, Catalase was inhibited during the functional transition of sunflower and safflower, after were performed many analyzes to elucidate the effects caused on the SOD and APX antioxidant systems. Also, were checked the changes in expression pattern of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes markers, ICL and MLS. It was observed that after CAT inhibition, the SOD and APX antioxidant systems allow the seedling establishment. Besides, was verified that both oilseeds can be accelerate the reverse mobilization and the photosynthetic establishment when Catalase activity has dramatically decreased
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The use of biofuels remotes to the eighteenth century, when Rudolf Diesel made the first trials using peanut oil as fuel in a compression ignition engine. Based on these trials, there was the need for some chemical change to vegetable oil. Among these chemical transformations, we can mention the cracking and transesterification. This work aims at conducting a study using the thermocatalytic and thermal cracking of sunflower oil, using the Al-MCM-41 catalyst. The material type mesoporous Al-MCM-41 was synthesized and characterized by Hydrothermical methods of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, absorption spectroscopy in the infrared and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG / DTG).The study was conducted on the thermogravimetric behavior of sunflower oil on the mesoporous catalyst cited. Activation energy, conversion, and oil degradation as a function of temperature were estimated based on the integral curves of thermogravimetric analysis and the kinetic method of Vyazovkin. The mesoporous material Al-MCM-41 showed one-dimensional hexagonal formation. The study of the kinetic behavior of sunflower oil with the catalyst showed a lower activation energy against the activation energy of pure sunflower oil. Two liquid fractions of sunflower oil were obtained, both in thermal and thermocatalytic pyrolisis. The first fraction obtained was called bio-oil and the second fraction obtained was called acid fraction. The acid fraction collected, in thermal and thermocatalytic pyrolisis, showed very high level of acidity, which is why it was called acid fraction. The first fraction was collected bio-called because it presented results in the range similar to petroleum diesel
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The experiment constituted in evaluating the acid silage prepared from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) filletage industry residues. This silage was prepared in a filetage industry through the residues milling and 5% of ascetic acid addition and stock piling in a period up to until 201 days. Storaged silages in a period of 7, 12, 22, 27, 41, 48, 61, 75, 84, 91, 96, 110, 140, 151, 181, 187 and 201dias were evaluated. Bromatologics analyses of rude protein(PB), etereal extract (EE), humidity (UM), ashes (CZ) and microbiological analyses of Salmonella, total coliforms, faecals and Escherichia coli of the storaged silages in a period of 7, 91 and 201 days were realized. The pH was evaluated in all the storaged periods. Differences (P > 0.05) in the substance of PB, EE, UM and CZ were not observed. A linear increase in PH was observed, being stabilizing in plateau of 4.74. In relation to the microbiological analysis the presence of Salmonella, total coliforms, faecals and E. Coli were not found. Was concluded that the acid silage gotten from tilapia filetage residues produced with the use of 5% ascetic acid can be stored during 201 days without having Salmonella, total coliforms and faecals proliferation.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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A study was made to compare dry matter, crude protein and gross energy digestibility of corn silage, associated to concentrate, through in vitro and in vivo digestion techniques. A completely randomized design was used, with two treatments and nine replications, involving three assays. The in vivo digestion assay was conducted with 12 Holstein heifers, on a 24 h permanent sample collection. The in vitro digestion assay was achieved with three collection methods: manual (M), vacuum pump (VP) and nasoesophagic (N). The collection methods VP and M can he used to determine the dry matter digestibility, instead of in vivo method, for the present study ration. The digestion methods influenced the DM, CP and GE digestibility for the studied ration.
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Verificou-se o comportamento de cultivares de girassol em relação ao ataque de Chlosyne lacinia saundersii em condições de campo, avaliando-se o número de lagartas por planta, numero de lagartas por metro linear de plantas, porcentagem de plantas atacadas e porcentagem de desfolha. Concluiu-se que: a) os métodos mais adequados para a avaliação da infestação desse inseto foram a porcentagem de plantas atacadas e o número de lagartas por metro linear de plantas; b) as cultivares de girassol menos infestadas pela praga foram 'Cargill-33', 'Contissol', 'Issanka-P, 'PIGB', 'Uruguai' e 'Contissol-621', enquanto 'Contissol-711% 'Contissol-112' e 'Rumano-P4' foram as mais infestadas e, c) a ocorrência de C. lacinia saundersii foi maior na segunda época de cultivo (fevereiro a junho) do que na primeira (outubro a fevereiro).
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O lodo de esgoto é um resíduo urbano-industrial que tem causado preocupação, quanto ao uso agrícola. Sua utilização pode ser viável, após a devida suplementação potássica, em substituição a fertilizantes minerais, especialmente em culturas como a do girassol. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a produtividade e nutrição mineral do girassol cv. CATISSOL 01, além da fertilidade de um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico adubado com lodo de esgoto, em comparação à adubação mineral, por dois anos consecutivos. O experimento utilizou delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 4 tratamentos (fertilização mineral, 5 t ha-1 ano-1, 10 t ha-1 ano-1 e 20 t ha-1 ano-1 de lodo de esgoto) e 5 repetições. Foram analisadas a produtividade de grãos de girassol, a concentração de macro e micronutrientes na folha diagnóstico e a fertilidade do solo. A produtividade de sementes do girassol adubado com o resíduo, em todas as doses, foi equivalente à adubação mineral, e os teores foliares situaram-se na faixa adequada, tanto para macro quanto para micronutrientes. O uso de lodo de esgoto, com suplementação potássica, mostrou-se eficiente na substituição total ou parcial da adubação mineral, sem prejudicar a produtividade da cultura do girassol.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Seis ovinos machos, não castrados, da raça Santa Inês, com média de peso de 30kg, fistulados no rúmen, foram distribuídos em delineamento de quadrado-latino duplo (3x3). Três períodos e três dietas, uma controle, sem inclusão de fonte de lipídio, e duas com inclusão de grãos de girassol ou gordura protegida, foram testados quanto aos parâmetros ruminais. Foram verificadas diferenças (P<0,05) entre as dietas quanto à concentração ruminal de amônia (18mg/dL), mas não houve efeito sobre o pH (6,1), a produção total de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (98mM), a proporção de acetato (66,4%), de propionato (20%) e de butirato (13%) e sobre a razão acetato:propionato (3,2:1). As bactérias sólido-aderidas isoladas do conteúdo ruminal dos animais recebendo a dieta-controle apresentaram maior teor de nitrogênio (10,7%) que as das dietas com gordura protegida (9,8%) ou com grãos de girassol (9,1%). A produção de nitrogênio pelas bactérias sólido-aderidas da dieta-controle (170mg/g) não diferiu da dieta com grãos de girassol (153mg/kg) ou com gordura protegida (160mg/kg). A inclusão de grãos de girassol ou gordura protegida na dieta com alto concentrado para ovinos propiciou ambiente adequado para fermentação ruminal.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O objetivo deste ensaio foi avaliar o efeito do emurchecimento e da adição de fubá durante o processo de ensilagem da alfafa sobre a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca (MS), da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e da proteína bruta (PB). Foram utilizados três bovinos adultos mestiços fistulados no rúmen, nos quais foram incubados seis tipos de silagens (1-alfafa fresca; 2-alfafa fresca +5% de fubá; 3-alfafa fresca +10% de fubá; 4-alfafa emurchecida; 5-alfafa emurchecida + 5% de fubá ; 6-alfafa emurchecida + 10% de fubá) durante três tempos de incubação (6, 24, 96 horas). O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas, com tratamentos em parcelas, tempos em subparcelas e animais como blocos. A adição de fubá à silagem aumentou (P<0,05) a degradação da MS e FDN com o tempo de incubação. O emurchecimento proporcionou diminuição (P<0,05) na degradabilidade dos nutrientes, entretanto esse efeito foi ligeiramente contornado pela adição de 10% de fubá. Os tratamentos com a adição de fubá e o emurchecimento proporcionaram maior taxa de degradabilidade da MS de fração b, entretanto o emurchecimento diminuiu o potencial de degradação a, enquanto que a adição de níveis de fubá não alterou a degradabilidade da MS dessa fração. A degradação da fração b da FDN aumentou com a adição de fubá e diminuiu com o emurchecimento, entretanto houve aumento dessa fração quando se adicionou fubá à forragem emurchecida. A degradação da fração a da PB aumentou com a adição de fubá e diminuiu com o emurchecimento; para a fração b ocorreu o inverso. Concluiu-se que a prática do emurchecimento, por reduzir a fração solúvel da forragem, diminui a degradabilidade dos nutrientes da silagem de alfafa, que no entanto pode ser melhorada com a adição de fubá.
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The nutritive value of elephant grass silages, with increasing levels of dehydrated cashew stalk (DCS) was evaluated. Five addition levels were studied (0: 4: 8: 12 and 16%), using 20 rams in a completely randomized design with five treatments (addition levels) and four replicates (animals). Intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM). crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) were determined, as well as total digestible nutrients (TDN) and silages nitrogen balance (NB) DCS did not affect intakes of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, TC and TDN, neither digestibility of OM, CB, NDF ADF and TC silages. Otherwise. the addition of DCS increased intakes of CP EE and NFC and digestibility of EE, NFC, as well as TON values and nitrogen balance. Inclusion of DCS, showed linear decreasing digestibility of ADF It is concluded that addition of DCS to silages of elephant grass up to 16% on a natural basis can be used as a forage source for ruminants.