Análise sectorial da educação e desenvolvimento em Cabo Verde : que intervenção?

Trata-se de uma dissertação de mestrado, fruto de uma pesquisa teórico-empírica desenvolvida em Cabo Verde, cujo objecto incide sobre a análise sectorial da educação no contexto do desenvolvimento nacional, procurando analisar o processo de intervenção neste domínio, a fim de se avaliar efectivamente o contributo da educação para o desenvolvimento da República de Cabo Verde. Com o intuito de fortalecer o quadro teórico-conceptual, procurou-se levar a cabo uma reflexão profunda em torno de três conceitos-chave: Educação, Desenvolvimento e Intervenção, para que se pudesse proporcionar uma melhor compreensão do objecto de estudo. A selecção e tratamento dos diferentes temas têm essencialmente como referencial teórico a área disciplinar de Sociologia nos seus domínios específicos, com particular atenção para a Educação, Política, Desenvolvimento e a Intervenção, como se pode constatar, na tentativa de dar uma maior consistência à parte prática deste trabalho. As unidades de análise demonstrarão as variáveis mais expressivas, relativamente à realidade do sector educacional e às dinâmicas de desenvolvimento por que tem passado o país, de forma a mensurar as políticas de intervenção e de administração educacional face ao contexto de constrangimentos e recursos existentes ao longo dos anos. Uma vez que Cabo Verde, geograficamente, se trata de uma sub-região no contexto do Continente Africano, fez-se uma análise sectorial sobre África nos seus principais aspectos, sem se esquecer da educação e saúde no contexto do desenvolvimento. Do ponto de vista metodológico, recorreu-se essencialmente ao material de análise documental, para se fazer uma avaliação dos indicadores de evolução educacional em comparação com os índices gerais de desenvolvimento em Cabo Verde, passando a traços largos, pelos períodos colonial e pós-colonial, chegando efectivamente aos anos recentes do séc. XXI. Em alguns casos, baseou-se nas 4 entrevistas exploratórias, na medida em que o objecto de estudo também se circunscreveu ao campo mais restrito (Concelho de S. Lourenço dos Órgãos), para se avaliar o impacto local da “Educação – Desenvolvimento” em Cabo Verde. Do ponto de vista dos resultados, atendendo aos índices gerais de evolução analisados, é de realçar a forte intervenção no sector da educação e o real contributo deste mesmo sector no processo de desenvolvimento de Cabo Verde, fazendo ressalvar a clássica perspectiva que defende a Educação como sector-chave, recurso básico e insubstituível na promoção e desenvolvimento das capacidades pessoais e sociais, dotando o cidadão de autonomia e cidadania responsável, de acordo com as oportunidades. Entretanto, constatou-se entraves e desequilíbrios no quadro da administração e gestão educacional em Cabo Verde, dado a persistência de uma discrepância dicotómica: quantitativo/qualitativo, igualdade/desigualdade na promoção da educação. O quantitativo na maior parte das vezes é o mais expressivo em relação aos indicadores qualitativos aquando da medição do nível de desenvolvimento nacional. As dificuldades inerentes à distribuição dos recursos educativos à escala nacional estarão na origem das assimetrias regionais constatadas, tanto no âmbito das ofertas educativas, como no dos resultados conseguidos em termos de contributo da educação. Ao longo dos anos, as desigualdades e o elevado nível de centralização do sistema educativo terão suscitado a separação entre escola e comunidade (inexistência da rede escolar). A intervenção socioeducativa nas comunidades locais ainda é diminuta devido à acentuada dose do centralismo na administração educacional. O Caso do concelho de S. Lourenço dos Órgãos é o reflexo desta problemática. Deste modo, refira-se que, as ofertas não são acompanhadas regularmente pelo processo interventivo nos domínios políticos e sociais, com vista a reduzir as demandas existentes. Por outro lado, e de uma forma geral, desde a Independência ao presente, a intervenção estatal tem sido cada vez mais eficiente, contando também com a contribuição da sociedade civil em geral. Este facto revela a importância acrescida que o sector educacional tem assumido e, por conseguinte, o contributo que também tem dado a outros subsistemas de desenvolvimento em Cabo Verde.

Crecimiento de las regiones españolas: estructura sectorial, dinámica regional y distribución de rentas.

El análisis de las regiones españolas en el período 1980-1995 indicaque la composición sectorial explica la mayor parte de la evolución del empleo y de las diferencias en productividad, salarios medios y participación de las rentas del trabajo. Para el VAB el componenteregional es más importante que el sectorial, aunque éste no esdespreciable. Nuestro análisis permite identificar a lo largo del tiempo aquellas regiones que han crecido más (menos) que lo esperado dada su composición sectorial. Identificamos una clara relación inversa entre la participación de las rentas del trabajo en el producto y el componente puramente regional del crecimiento del empleo. Sin embargo no observamos relación entre la tasa de paro y la distribución del producto. Ello sugiere que los salarios son poco elásticos a las condiciones del mercado de trabajo, pero el crecimiento del empleo sí lo es a la evolución de las rentas del capital de la región.

The choice of the form of representation in multinational banking: Evidence from Spain

This paper investigates foreign direct investment in the bankingsector. The attention has been addressed to test the importanceof OLI advantages as the determinants of the bank's decisionto invest in foreign locations. Nevertheless, since banks canexpand their activities abroad through different organizationalforms that imply different levels of foreign involvement, theissue of the form of representation has been tackled. Theresults show the importance of OLI advantages in the form ofrepresentation in multinational banking.

Exact representation of antenna system diversity performance from input parameter description

A simplc formulation Io compute thc envelope correlation of anantenna divemiry system is dcrired. 11 is shown how to compute theenvelope correlation hom the S-parameter descnplian of the antennasystem. This approach has the advantage that i t does not require thecomputation nor the measurement of the radiation panem of theantenna system. It also offers the advantage of providing a clcaunderstanding ofthe effects ofmutual coupling and input match on thediversity performance of the antcnnii system.

Somatosensory motor bodily representation cortical thinning in Tourette : effects of tic severity, age and gender

Introduction: Tourette syndrome (TS) implicates the disinhibition of the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuitry (CSTC). Previous studies used a volumetric approach to investigate this circuitry with inconsistent findings. Cortical thickness may represent a more reliable measure than volume due to the low variability in the cytoarchitectural structure of the grey matter. Methods: 66 magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 34 TS (age range 10-25, mean 17.19±4.1) and 32 normal controls (NC) (age range 10-20, mean 16.33±3.56). Brain morphology was assessed using the fully automated Civet pipeline at the Montreal Neurological Institute. Results: We report (1) significant cortical thinning in the fronto-parietal and somatosensory-motor cortices in TS relative to NC (p<0.05); (2) TS boys showed thinner cortex relative to TS girls in the fronto-parietal cortical regions (p<0.05); (3) significant decrease in the fronto-parietal mean cortical thickness in TS with age relative to NC and in the pre-central cortex in TS boys relative to TS girls; (4) significant negative correlations between tic severity and the somatosensory-motor cortical thickness. Conclusions: TS revealed important thinning in brain regions particularly involved in the somatosensory/motor bodily representations which may play an important role in tics. Our findings are in agreement with Leckman et al. (1991) hypothesis stating that facial tics would be associated with dysfunction in an orofacial subset of the motor circuit, eye blinking with the occulo-motor circuit, whereas lack of inhibition to a dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex. Gender and age differences may reflect differential etiological factors, which have significant clinical relevance in TS and should be considered in developing and using diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

SBML qualitative models: a model representation format and infrastructure to foster interactions between qualitative modelling formalisms and tools.

BACKGROUND: Qualitative frameworks, especially those based on the logical discrete formalism, are increasingly used to model regulatory and signalling networks. A major advantage of these frameworks is that they do not require precise quantitative data, and that they are well-suited for studies of large networks. While numerous groups have developed specific computational tools that provide original methods to analyse qualitative models, a standard format to exchange qualitative models has been missing. RESULTS: We present the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) Qualitative Models Package ("qual"), an extension of the SBML Level 3 standard designed for computer representation of qualitative models of biological networks. We demonstrate the interoperability of models via SBML qual through the analysis of a specific signalling network by three independent software tools. Furthermore, the collective effort to define the SBML qual format paved the way for the development of LogicalModel, an open-source model library, which will facilitate the adoption of the format as well as the collaborative development of algorithms to analyse qualitative models. CONCLUSIONS: SBML qual allows the exchange of qualitative models among a number of complementary software tools. SBML qual has the potential to promote collaborative work on the development of novel computational approaches, as well as on the specification and the analysis of comprehensive qualitative models of regulatory and signalling networks.

One Stop Reentry Reduces Disproportionate Representation, Data Download, Iowa Department of Corrections, January 2011

In a national study released in 2007 by The Sentencing Project, Iowa tops the nation for imprisoning African Americans at a rate of 13.6 times that of whites. In addition, African Americans in Iowa are much more likely to be unemployed, lacking a high school diploma, and earning less than white Iowans. And African American offenders’ return-to-prison rates are higher than for white offenders.

On the spinning axis representation

A new spinning axis representation is introduced. It allows us to calculate the evolution operator of a system with slowly varying time dependent Hamiltonian with the desired degree of approximation in the parameter used for describing its dynamical evolution. The procedure is compared with a previously existing one and applied to a simple example.

Space and momentum representation analysis of Hartman's effect in wave packet transmission

The Hartman effect is analyzed in both the position and momentum representations of the problem. The importance of Wigner tunneling and deep tunneling is singled out. It is shown quantitatively how the barrier acts as a filter for low momenta (quantum speed up) as the width increases, and a detailed mechanism is proposed. Superluminal transmission is also discussed.

The Poor Representation of the Poor in a Comparative Perspective

Due to diverging levels of political influence of various income groups, political institutions likely reflect¦the policy preferences of certain groups of citizens better than others, independently of their numerical¦weight. This runs counter the egalitarian principle of 'one citizen, one vote'. The present article documents¦a general trend of underrepresentation of the preferences of relatively poor citizens both by¦parties and by governments across Western democracies, although important cross-national differences¦exist.

Tree edit distance as a baseline approach for paraphrase representation

Finding an adequate paraphrase representation formalism is a challenging issue in Natural Language Processing. In this paper, we analyse the performance of Tree Edit Distance as a paraphrase representation baseline. Our experiments using Edit Distance Textual Entailment Suite show that, as Tree Edit Distance consists of a purely syntactic approach, paraphrase alternations not based on structural reorganizations do not find an adequate representation. They also show that there is much scope for better modelling of the way trees are aligned.

Unequal Representation of Age Groups in Switzerland

The representation of age groups is becoming an increasingly discussed topic in Swiss politics. In this study, we explore inequalities in the descriptive and substantive representation of various age groups and find that despite important disparities in descriptive representation, the policy preferences of various age groups are relatively equally represented in the lower house of the Swiss parliament. Our analysis thus suggests that even if it is gaining visibility, the age cleavage is not central for parliamentary representation in Switzerland.