Pd/C-catalyzed hydrodehalogenation of aromatic halides in aqueous solutions at room temperature under normal pressure

The hydrodehalogenation of aromatic halides, catalyzed by Pd/C in aqueous solutions, yields arenes in short reaction times at room temperature under normal pressure. The nature of the solvents has an important influence on the reaction rates and the activity of the catalyst. The catalyst shows the highest activity in water. In the hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorohypnone, it was in water that C-Cl bond was easier to be hydrogenated, and in isopropanol that C=O was easier to be hydrogenated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Facile synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers using pseudo-high dilution technique

A new approach for the synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers under pseudo-high dilute conditions in aqueous system has been developed. High yield nanoscale polyaniline fibers with 18-110 nm in diameter are readily prepared by a high aniline concentration 0.4 M oxidation polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant in the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), perchloric acid (HClO4), (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), acidic phosphate PAEG120 (PA120) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as the dopants. The novel pathway always produces polyaniline nanofibers of tunable diameters, high conductivity (from 10(0) to 10(1) S/cm) and crystallinity.

Electrocatalytic reduction of 1,2-diiodoethane by anions of supramolecular complex of (beta-CD)(2)/C-60 in DMF solution

The homogeneous electrocatalytic reduction of 1,2-diiodoethane by anions of the supramolecular complex of (beta-CD)(2)/C-60 in DMF solution is reported. The results show that the trianion of (beta-CD)(2)/C-60 exhibits electrocatalytic behavior towards the reduction of 1,2-diiodoethane, whereas the diani on is unable to reduce the diiodoethane. The second-order catalytic rate constant in DMF solution was determined to be 3.1 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1) by analysis of voltammetric responses under pseudo-first-order conditions with respect to (beta-CD)(2)/C-60. The results suggest that the host beta-cyclodextrin molecules have little effect on the electrocatalytic ability of the encapsulated C-60 toward organic halides.

Synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides catalyzed by hexaalkylguanidinium halides

Hexaalkylguanidinium halides exhibit an efficient catalytic activity in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from, epoxides and carbon dioxide. By this method cyclic carbonates can be obtained in a high yield and a high selectivity at a low temperature and atmospheric pressure. This procedure is easy for the product isolation and recycling of the catalyst.

[H2N (C2H4)(2)NH2](4) (H3O) [(PMo2Mo6V4O40)-Mo-V-V-VI-O-IV ((VO)-O-IV)(2)] center dot H2O: A new highly reduced, bicapped pseudo-Keggin vanadylpoly-molybdophosphate

A new vandylpolymolybdophosphate, [H2N(C2H4)(2)NH2](4)-(H3O)[(PMo2Mo6V4O40)-Mo-V-V-VI-O-IV((VO)-O-IV)(2)].H2O, was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-vis, XPS, ESR spectra, mid singe crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound contains an unusual highly reduced pseudo-Keggin type polyoxoanion with nine negative charges and exhibits an interesting phosphorus-centered alternate layer arrangement of molybdenum and vanadium oxides.

The synthesis of phenyl-capped trianiline and teraaniline by a modified-pseudo-high dilution technique and their UV-Vis spectral studies

Phenyl-capped trianiline and tetraaniline in the leucoemeraldine oxidation state were synthesized through a modified-pseudo-high-dilution technique. The chemical oxidation process of these compounds were studied by UV-Vis spectra. It was found that phenyl-capped trianiline in the leucoemeraldine oxidation state was oxidized to its EB form and then decomposed, Phenyl-capped tetraaniline was oxidized to its EB form and then to the pernigraniline oxidation state.

Facile synthesis of phenyl-capped oligoanilines using pseudo-high dilution technique

Monodispersed phenyl-capped trianiline and tetraaniline were successfully synthesized by the reactions of diphenylamine with acetaldehyde-based Sckiff's bases of N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and 1,4-phenylenediamine, respectively, in the presence of ammonium persulfate and hydrochloric acid, subsequent deprotonation and reduction with phenylhydrazine. The reaction mechanism probably involves the slow hydrolysis of the Sckiff's bases and subsequent oxidative coupling reactions of the formed ammonium salts with diphenylamine at pseudo-high dilution condition of the salts.

Genetic mapping of laminaria japonica and l. longissima using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers in a "two-way pseudo-testcross" strategy

With a "two-way pseudo-testcross" mapping strategy, we applied the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to construct two moderate density genetic linkage maps for Laminaria. The linkage maps were generated from the 60 progenies of the F, cross family (Laminaria longissima Aresch. x L. japonica Miyabe) with twenty pairs of primer combinations. Of the 333 polymorphic loci scored in 60 progenies, 173 segregated in a 1:1 ratio, corresponding to DNA polymorphisms heterozygous in a single parent, and the other 58 loci existing in both parents followed a 3:1 Mendelian segregation ratio. Among the loci with 1:1 segregating ratios, 79 loci were ordered in 14 linkage groups (648.6 cM) of the paternal map, and 72 loci were ordered in 14 linkage groups (601.9 cM) of the maternal map. The average density of loci was approximately 1 per 8 cM. To investigate the homologies between two parental maps, we used 58 loci segregated 3:1 for further analysis, and deduced one homologous linkage group. The linkage data developed in these maps will be useful for detecting loci-controlling commercially important traits for Laminaria.