Policies to promote healthy eating in Europe: a structured review of policies and their effectiveness

This review provides a classification of public policies to promote healthier eating as well as a structured mapping of existing measures in Europe. Complete coverage of alternative policy types was ensured by complementing the review with a selection of major interventions from outside Europe. Under the auspices of the Seventh Framework Programme's Eatwell Project, funded by the European Commission, researchers from five countries reviewed a representative selection of policy actions based on scientific papers, policy documents, grey literature, government websites, other policy reviews, and interviews with policy-makers. This work resulted in a list of 129 policy interventions, 121 of which were in Europe. For each type of policy, a critical review of its effectiveness was conducted, based on the evidence currently available. The results of this review indicate a need exists for a more systematic and accurate evaluation of government-level interventions as well as for a stronger focus on actual behavioral change rather than changes in attitude or intentions alone. The currently available evidence is very heterogeneous across policy types and is often incomplete.

Precariedade e precarização do mercado de trabalho brasileiro

Nos últimos anos, a taxa de desemprego no Brasil tem-se mantido relativamente estável. No entanto, assistimos a uma redução do emprego no mercado de trabalho formal concomitante a um crescimento do mercado informal. Esta mudança tem sido identificada com uma piora de qualidade, ou precarização, do emprego, já que este, no mercado informal, é tido como de baixa qualidade. Nesta pesquisa, procuramos investigar a dimensão desta precarização analisando a qualidade dos postos de trabalho que estão sendo eliminados no mercado de trabalho formal. O que se observa é que a qualidade dos postos de trabalho neste mercado é bastante heterogênea, e há evidência de que a redução do emprego que está ocorrendo se dá, principalmente na indústria, nos postos de baixa qualidade. Assim, o fenômeno não se caracteriza pela eliminação dos postos de qualidade, mas pela transferência dos de baixa qualidade para o mercado informal. Por sua vez, a análise do mercado informal revela também uma grande heterogeneidade entre trabalhadores que não têm carteira de trabalho assinada e trabalhadores autônomos. O emprego destes últimos tem crescido a taxas elevadas como conseqüência da terceirização. O aumento da força de trabalho no mercado informal, por outro lado, coloca novas questões para as políticas públicas, que também são investigadas neste trabalho.

Reforma do sistema previdenciário brasileiro: a previdência complementar e o papel do Estado

Apesar do indiscutível avanço que os sistemas previdenciários representaram no campo social verifica-se, em todo o mundo, um crescente consenso quanto à necessidade de se repensar sua estrutura. As recentes transformações da estrutura demográfica, do mercado de trabalho e do processo de globalização da economia, nos remetem a uma nova realidade e ao imperativo de buscar novas soluções para assegurar a proteção social. Por outro lado, o Estado, enquanto promotor do desenvolvimento e de redução das desigualdades, se encontra sob severo questionamento, ao passo que a moral individualista e os méritos do mercado gozam de crescente prestígio. Como resultado destas múltiplas pressões, o Brasil, a exemplo de vários outros países, vem experimentando um processo de ajustes e reforma de seu sistema previdenciário, no qual o fortalecimento do elo entre contribuições e beneficios tem-se constituído o principal elemento. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento do regime complementar privado ocupa um espaço cada vez maior na formulação e execução de políticas públicas. Com a aprovação da Emenda Constitucional no. 20 (em dezembro de 1998) foram lançadas as novas diretrizes para o sistema previdenciário brasileiro. O trabalho analisa as iniciativas estatais até o momento realizadas, e sua contribuição para a construção de um arcabouço regulatório para a área, mais adequado às novas demandas sociais, econômicas e políticas

Estado, política cultural e manifestações populares: a influência dos governos locais no formato dos carnavais brasileiros

Apesar das controvérsias sobre a forma como as festas populares têm sido tratadas, é fundamental reconhecer que, além das questões econômicas, elas envolvem um componente social muito importante. Fatores como o fortalecimento de identidade e do sentimento de pertencimento, reforço de laços comunitários, participação popular na formulação e implementação das políticas e ocupação de espaços públicos têm íntima relação com essas festas. Dentro desse cenário está inserida a maior das festas populares brasileiras, o carnaval. Os festejos carnavalescos são estudados nesta Dissertação. A idéia é analisar como o a Administração Pública e o Carnaval estiveram sempre muito próximos, em relações que por vezes eram consensuais e, em outros momentos, bastante conflitantes. Para a realização desta dissertação foram coletados diversos dados públicos, que compõem a parte quantitativa da pesquisa. Os dados qualitativos foram obtidos através de várias entrevistas, com atores governamentais e não-governamentais ligados à festa. Além do aspecto descritivo sobre a atuação dos governos locais em relação aos carnavais citados, este trabalho pretende ampliar uma dimensão pouco explorada nas pesquisas sobre a cultura em geral e sobre o carnaval em especial: a Economia do Carnaval. Os dias de realização da festa geram grandes ganhos financeiros e é fundamental analisar quem, de fato, são os beneficiários através de uma pergunta básica, mas de crucial importância: Carnaval para quem? Esta dissertação visa colaborar com a discussão sobre o papel que os governos locais podem, com algumas medidas, melhorar as condições socioeconômicas dos trabalhadores, criando mecanismos capazes de desconcentrar a renda, reduzindo assim as desigualdades socioeconômicas do país.

Políticas públicas para erradicação do trabalho escravo contemporâneo no Brasil: um estudo sobre a dinâmica das relações entre os atores governamentais e não-governamentais

O estudo tem como objetivo identificar na evolução das políticas públicas para erradicação do trabalho escravo os diferentes atores e a dinâmica das relações entre eles. A ocorrência da escravidão contemporânea pôde se dar a partir da contribuição de alguns fatores estruturais e conjunturais, tais como o processo de aprofundamento do capitalismo e de modernização conservadora no país e especificamente na agricultura e relações políticas, sociais e históricas que perpetuam a enorme concentração fundiária brasileira. Além disso, algumas relações pessoais, sociais e políticas de intermediação de interesses entre Estado e sociedade, tais como clientelismo e patronagem e redes de políticas, de modo geral e de forma mais específica nas políticas agrárias, também interferem no desenvolvimento dos processos de políticas públicas e dentre elas nas políticas de combate ao trabalho escravo. Desse modo, a dissertação tem como problema a investigação da dinâmica das relações entre atores governamentais e nãogovernamentais na formulação e implantação das políticas públicas de erradicação ao trabalho escravo no Brasil. Para tanto, o estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, tendo entrevistado os seguintes atores políticos: MTE, MPT, OIT, CPT, ONG Repórter Brasil, GPTEC e OAB. Os dados foram analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo, sob um viés qualitativo. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram identificar a formação de múltiplas redes entre os atores governamentais e não-governamentais envolvidos nesta questão, demonstrando certa divisão entre as redes que atuam lutando pelo combate ao trabalho escravo e outras que se posicionam como uma certa resistência a esse combate, devido a interesses econômicos e políticos, revelando, assim, um jogo de forças que ora apresenta avanços e conquistas, ora mostra retrocessos ou estagnação na luta contra a escravidão contemporânea brasileira.

Trabalho escravo contemporâneo e Estado capaz no Brasil

This thesis demonstrates the exercise of slave labor in the context of free or decent work, in contemporary times, supported by the federal constitution 1988 Brazil than places like fundamentals "the dignity of the human person" and "the social values of work and free enterprise" , and is as fundamental objectives of the Federative Republic of Brazil "build a free, just and united society," "guarantee national development", "eradicate poverty and marginalization and reduce social and regional inequalities", "promote the well all without prejudice of origin, race, sex, color, age and any other forms of discrimination. " It is considered that the analytical work category interacts both conceptually as an integral part of the capitalist development model as a driving force to the definition of State Capable. The panorama of acquired rights and rights infringed upon evidences the presence, or not, of the Brazilian state. Highlights, however, as state functions are being performed under the auspices of the Democratic State of Rights. So the original question that motivated this work is: To what extent the Brazilian government is structured to implement measures that can eradicate modern-day slavery? This question led to questions as: The Brazilian state has never failed in implementing the policy of "eradication to work analogous to slavery"? The answer the research questions were outlined using the dialectical materialist historical method under a sociological perspective in order to draw relationships and interrelationships between the current situation of the concept contemporary slavery and its historical roots. In the theoretical framework considers the conceptual approach regarding the capable state in order to answer the question regarding the eradication policy to contemporary forced labor and the Brazilian nation-state's ability to put it into action. In this sense, it employed concepts such as state, nation-state and capable state, from the interpretations of Bresser-Pereira, including the discussion regarding the formation of the arrangements and conservative and progressive political alliances. The research subject was analyzed from the reports published in 2013 by the Ministry of Labour after the Special Group of the inspection actions for Mobile Inspection (GEFM) to Combat Labour Analogous to Slave. The study of public policies related to the eradication program to work analogous to slavery takes up the discussion regarding the conditionality of free labor, or decent, in contemporary Brazil, and reveals that in Brazil the effectiveness or efficacy of government actions comply with governing the Federal Constitution-88, namely, to preserve "the dignity of the human person" and "the social values of work and free enterprise" is an ongoing process. There are advances, but these are conditioned to Brazil stage in the formation of the nation state and the national society.

Escolhas individuais e bem-estar financeiro: três ensaios utilizando microdados

Como orientar políticas públicas de modo a promover o bem-estar da população? Para responder a essa questão a comunidade acadêmica tem enfocado a necessidade de se conhecer melhor as escolhas de consumo individuais. Essa tendência encontra apoio no número, cada vez maior, de bases de microdados disponibilizadas pelos órgãos governamentais e iniciativa privada. O presente trabalho analisa as escolhas dos brasileiros com relação às decisões de financiamento e de oferta de trabalho. O estudo é dividido em três ensaios empíricos distintos. Como a contratação de crédito em mercados informais é motivada pelo déficit de educação financeira é o foco do primeiro ensaio. Considerando mais de 2.000 observações sobre tomadas de crédito, utiliza-se um modelo logit multinomial para estimar a propensão à tomada de crédito na informalidade em contraste com o crédito bancário. Os resultados indicam que a educação financeira pode ter uma relevância maior para a seleção de financiamentos informais do que a restrição de crédito. O segundo ensaio analisa o comportamento de uso de cartões de crédito dentre 1.458 jovens adultos residentes no Brasil, EUA ou França. Um modelo de equações estruturais é utilizado para incorporar relações entre as variáveis latentes. O modelo validado pelo estudo representa uma situação em que o bem-estar financeiro é afetado pela forma com que o indivíduo utiliza o cartão de crédito que, por sua vez, é afetado pelo sentimento de comparação social e pela autoconfiança financeira, essa última sendo impactada também pela educação financeira recebida dos pais. Na comparação entre grupos encontramos evidências de que a comparação social tem um efeito mais forte sobre os jovens brasileiros e que homens são mais dependentes da educação dos pais do que as mulheres. No último ensaio a população pobre brasileira é analisada em relação a um suposto efeito preguiça, que seria causado pela diminuição de oferta de trabalho das famílias que recebem o benefício financeiro do governo via o Programa Bolsa Família. Um modelo de sobrevivência foi usado para comparar a duração no emprego entre beneficiários do programa e um grupo controle, utilizando uma base de dados com mais de 3 milhões de indivíduos. A hipótese de um efeito preguiça é rejeitada. O risco de desligamento do emprego para os beneficiários do Bolsa Família é medido como sendo de 7% a 10% menor, o que é capaz de anular, por exemplo, o maior risco de saída do emprego causado pela presença de filhos pequenos na composição familiar. Uma vez que a rotatividade no emprego dificulta o recebimento de aposentadorias por tempo de contribuição, pode-se concluir que o programa de transferência de renda brasileiro terá um impacto positivo sobre o bem-estar financeiro futuro do trabalhador.

Significados e percepções de puérperas sobre as síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e parto prematuro

Hypertensive syndromes in pregnancy (HSP) are configured as one of the major complications in the pregnancy and postpartum period and can lead premature newborn and subsequent hospitalization of the newborn to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This study aimed to analyze the perceptions, meanings and feelings of mothers on the hypertensive syndromes in pregnancy and premature obstetric labor. The research was qualitative and has a theoretical methodological the Social Representations Theory(SRT) in the approach to the Central Nucleus Theory. The study included 70 women, mean age 29 years, predominantly school to high school, most of them married or in consensual union, primiparous and prevalence of cesarean delivery occurred between 32 and 37 weeks of pregnancy.The data were collected from may to december 2008 in the Maternity School Januário Cicco in Natal , and obtained through the following instruments for data collection: questionnaire including questions about socio-demographic status; the Free Words Association Test (FWAT) and and verbalized mental image construction used three stimuli: such as pregnancy with high blood pressure, preterm birth and NICU, and interview with the following guiding question: what it meant for you to have a pregnancy with high blood pressure and consequently the birth of a premature baby? Data analysis was performed using multi-method obtained from the data processing by EVOC (Ensemble Programmes Permettant L 'Analyze des Évocations) and ALCESTE (Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d'un Ensemble de Segment de Texte) and thematic analysis in categories. The results will be presented in four thematic units under the following representative universes: HSP, prematurity as a result of HSP, NICU and the social representations of mothers on the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy sequenced premature birth and hospitalization of the child in the NICU. The results obtained by multimethod analyses showed similar constructions and point to death as the central nucleus and negative aspects, coping strategies, need of care, knowledge about the disease, fragility and meanings of the NICU as peripheral elements. It is considered that the perceptions, meanings and feelings of puerperal women in relation to HSPs and to premature delivery are a negative social representation, with representational elements that may have influenced the adverse effects on the disease and its consequences. We suggest action on the peripheral elements of this representation, with adequate orientation, early diagnosis, effective conduct, receptive attitude on the part of the team, health promotion measures and effective public policies, in order to improve the care provided to puerperal women, making them feel welcome and minimizing their suffering

Desenvolvimento e autonomia das mulheres: uma avaliação do POPMR na região oeste potiguar - 2008/2012

The dissertation evaluates about Rural Women s Productive Organization Program effectiveness of Western Rio Grande do Norte(2008-2012). Specifically, it has aimed to: 1) Describe about Rural Women s Productive Organization Program characteristics in Western Potiguar Region; 2) Investigate which social economic changes the program has caused in Rural Women s lives from Western Potiguar Region; 3) Evaluate whether women s participation in the feminist social movement has contributed in order to facilitate access to the program; 4) evaluate whether rural women s participation from western Potiguar region in POPMR has provoked some questions in relation to labor sexual division in policy all female users or whether it has amplified their capacities for their economical autonomy conquest. The evaluation has been as reference the development concept as freedom according to Amartya Sen (2000) and labor sex division sustained by separation and hierarchy activities performed by men and women according to Kergoat (2009). The qualitative character investigation was made up by a bibliographical and documental research, semi-structured interviews and focal group. The interviews with female mediator agents and female public managers have demonstrated the paths how to create the program by explaining the difficulties and possibilities. The research was concluded with focal groups that had accessed POPMR in western region. With the methodological instruments used, it was possible to achieve the results: The research data show that POPMR has contributed for the region development specifically by expanding rural women s capacities. However, there are still some difficulties which could be overcome with a state actualization, as policies for home labor and home labor care socialization. In this way, the infrastructure construction for production and reproduction must be based on a kind of legislation for a small production which are indispensable elements for a bigger effective policy for women in a rural environment

Avaliação dos impactos do programa bolsa família na renda, na educação e no mercado de trabalho das famílias pobres do Brasil

This study aims to verify the impact of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) in income and school attendance of poor Brazilian families. It is intended to also check the existence of a possible negative effect of the program on the labor market, titled as sloth effect. For such, microdata from the IBGE Census sample in 2010 were used. Seeking to purge possible selection biases, methodology of Quantilic Treatment Effect (QTE) was applied, in particular the estimator proposed by Firpo (2007), which assumes an exogenous and non-conditional treatment. Moreover, Foster- Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index was calculated to check if there are fewer households below the poverty line, as well as if the inequality among the poor decreases. Human Opportunity Index (HOI) was also calculated to measure the access of young people / children education. Results showed that BFP has positively influenced the family per capita income and education (number of children aged 5-17 years old attending school). As for the labor market (worked hours and labor income), the program showed a negative effect. Thus, when compared with not benefiting families, those families who receive the BFP have: a) a higher family income (due to the shock of the transfer budget money) b) more children attending school (due to the conditionality imposed by the program); c) less worked hours (due to sloth effect in certain family groups) and d) a lower income from work. All these effects were potentiated separating the sample in the five Brazilian regions, being observed that the BFP strongly influenced the Northeast, showing a greater decrease in income inequality and poverty, and at the same time, achieved a greater negative impact on the labor market

As condições do trabalho docente: um estudo em escolas da rede municipal de Currais Novos-RN (2009 a 2012)

This work, named Teaching conditions: a study in municipal schools of Currais Novos RN (2009 to 2012) aims to analyze the status of teaching in schools in the municipality of Currais Novos RN in the period ranging from 2009 - 2012, considering infrastructure, initial and continued training and intensification and casualization of teaching factors in the context of the 1990s educational reformations. It, also, assumes that teaching is a constitutive part of capitalist society, and has been reconfigured with based on the new requirements demanded by the labor market. In order to conduct this study the considered data included the survey research Teaching Work in Basic Education in Brazil (2009 to 2010) , held in seven Brazilian states being: Pará, Rio Grande do Norte, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Espírito Santo. Specifically selected for deepening of the study, there were schools in the municipality of Currais Novos in which semi-structured interviews were performed with teachers of the said municipality. This research is constituted of a qualitative and quantitative approach whose survey instruments adopted were, namely: documental research, literature review, interviews and surveys. The obtained data analysis allows us to infer that the teaching work performed by teachers in the states which participated in the survey has been influenced the changes in the labor market and educational reformations and has been taking on characteristics such as flexibility, tendency to precariousness and intensification; and this trend is also present in schools that were surveyed in the municipality of Currais Novos. As pertaining to the teachers conditions in classroom, these signs are more evident, considering that they had their duties and responsibilities extended beyond the classroom environment. The data also show that in general working conditions of teachers in national, state and local levels are unprofitable and heterogeneous, increasingly deepening the gap between school units and education networks. Therefore, the implantation of public policies that enhance the teaching work and improve their working conditions in all dimensions that directly interfere in their work are crucial

A produção das desigualdades: análise da relação entre trabalho infantil e indicadores sociais

The International Labor Organization (OIT) estimates that there are around 118 million children subjected to child labor around the world. In Brazil, there are 3.5 million workers aged between 5 and 17. This exploitation practice constitutes a serious social problem, including of Public Health, since these workers are exposed to a wide range of risks, such as those related to health, physical integrity and even to life, which may cause them to become sick adults and/or interrupt their lives prematurely. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the relationship between the frequency of child labor in the age group of 10 to 13 years and some socio-economic indicators. It is a quantitative research in an ecological study whose levels of analysis are the Brazilian municipalities grouped in 161 regions, defined from socioeconomic criteria. The dependent variable of this study was the prevalence of child labor in the age group of 10 to 13 years. The independent variables were selected after a correlation between the 2010 Census of child labor in the age group of 10 to 13 years and secondary data had been conducted, adopting two main independent variables: funds from the Family Allowance Program (PBF) per 1,000 inhabitants and Funds from the Child Labor Eradication Program (PETI) per a thousand inhabitants. Initially, it was conducted a descriptive analysis of the variables of the study, then, a bivariate analysis, and the correlation matrix was built. At last, the Multiple Linear Regression stratified analysis was performed. The results of this survey indicate that public policies , like the Bolsa Familia Program Features per 1000 inhabitants and Resources Program for the Eradication of Child Labour to be allocated to municipalities with HDI < 0.697 represent a decrease in the rate of child labor ; These programs have the resources to be invested in municipalities with HDI > = 0.697 have no effect on the rate of child labor. Other adjustment variables showed significance, among these the municipal Human Development Index (IDH), years of schooling at 18 years of age, illiteracy at 15 years of age or more, employees without employment contract at 18 years of age and the Gini Index. It is understood that the child labor issue is complex. The problem is associated, although not restricted to, poverty, the social exclusion and inequality that exist in Brazil, but other factors of cultural and economic nature, as well as of organization of production, also account for its aggravation. Fighting child labor involves a wide intersectoral articulation, shared and integrated with several public policies, among them health, sports, culture, agriculture, labor and human rights, with a view to guaranteeing the integrality of the rights of children and adolescents in situation of labor and of their respective families

Quilombolas e desenvolvimento sustentável: análise a partir da comunidade Capoeira dos Negros (Macaíba/RN)

Quilombo communities remaining are groups marked by insufficient public assistance and characterized by living in rural and conducting economic activities such as agriculture. The development on a sustainable basis is important to ensure strategies for economic growth and environmental preservation. This work aims to study the remaining Quilombo Capoeira Black community, located in the municipality of Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, considering the principles of sustainable development. Attempt to respond to what level such community can be considered sustainable from an analysis of their social practices. The methodological procedures used consisted of a literature review and documentary, questionnaires, conducting semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The final results show that the family farm has characteristics that approximate the principles of sustainable development, including the diversification of labor, food production with less environmental damage and strengthening the rural environment, and indicate that the main economic activities practiced in Capoeira dos Negros community are agriculture, manufacturing of cassava flour and brick manufacturing, which, in turn, are linked to negative environmental impacts, such as sedimentation pond, groundwater contamination, air pollution and soil erosion. What lead to the conclusion that the social practices of the community are not in line with the dimensions of sustainable development. It is hoped that the survey results provide subsidies for development and implementation of public policies

Terra e trabalho: permanência de uma política pública na Fazenda Mundo Novo, em Caicó-RN

This is study about the Project Vazantes, as a case of stay policy on access to land upstream of the weir humid New World, in Caicó-RN. It includes social and economic aspects of vazanteiros, that in their experiences with the land, recreate structures, forms and functions. Theoretically, the work is based on the ideas miltonianas (1986, 1988, 1996, 1997) on the production and reproduction of space, as seen this system of actions that is articulated to the public policies and the achievements solidarity, to the extent that production, in vazantes there is virtually no technology investment, technical assistance and rural credit. Regarding the search procedures, we conducted interviews and questionnaires with vazanteiros applied but did photographic records and research into documentary sources Agricultural Research Company's Rio Grande do Norte S / A (EMPARN), the Union of Rural Workers of Caicó (STRC ), In newspapers and magazines, as well as other sources of information related to the object of study.Such procedures, coupled with theoretical and methodological benchmarks, helped in the understanding of the relationship that takes place in the New World Farm, in order that space produced by actors (EMPARN and vazanteiros) comprises a structure of power that involves multiple interests in extent that land and labor are appropriate mechanisms as dialetizantes

Mapa dos programas sociais: transferência de renda e dinâmicas sociais no Rio Grande do Norte (2000-2007)

The question of evaluating the fight against poverty in a given society is very complex task, considering the range of factors that permeate, such as education, culture and economy itself. Come hence the relevance of the theme and its constant presence in discussions on the fruits of public policies, institutional structure and economic development which are the guiding elements of this work, and noted that seeks to highlight the social demographics and most important, the most significant trends and issues pertaining to her. The assessment was initially made in all the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte doing a verticalilzação to the municipalities Caicó, Pau dos Ferros, Ipueira and Taboleiro Grande. Highlighting the role of a social policy through government programs, such as the Bolsa Familia Program (PBF), which creates the possibility of changes in the socio demographic profile given the importance that the action of this public policy has in shaping the regional economic reality As well as social programs and actions of the government here reported that generate mobility of people and new social demands, such as rural retirements, the benefit of continuing provision (BPC), the Program for the Eradication of Child Labor (PETI) that put on the market of population living on the margins of various forms of consumption. Accordingly, the socio economic profile of the state shows a significant improvement in their social indicators, vital education and redistribution of income, due to the significant improvement in life expectancy in the fall of school drop-out rate and the drop in indicators of Proportion Poor and destitute of the state. Where the fall in the proportion of poor and indigent is strongly associated with an increase in income, from social programs. With this transfer and redistribution of income can be gauged that occurs a strengthening of local economies and an engagement of families with the conditionalities of social programs and PETI Bolsa Familia. Our research concludes that simply raising the rents caused by transfers, presents relevant impacts on the education of young people in beneficiary families. There is no doubt that the programs of transfer income, no facing the social field, representing a mechanism to decrease the most perverse ills of poverty, social and economic inequality that is hungry. For a significant portion of the Brazilian population living below the poverty line, programs for the transfer of income are expressed directly in improving the material conditions of life and indirectly in improving self-esteem of women and all family members receiving encouraging yet the integration family. Experiments have shown that improvements in health and nutrition can be obtained through the implementation of adequate social policies like the programs of transfer income, while social inclusion and economic does not become full